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India got its law on “scandalising the court” from England. One of the earliest such cases decided there was R v. Almon (1765). A publisher in Piccadilly, London, had printed a (1) which accused Chief Justice Mansfield of acting “officiously, arbitrarily, and illegally”. He was (2) up for contempt of court. Justice Wilmot held that courts would lose all their authority if people were told that “Judges at their Chambers make Orders or Rules corruptly”. The purpose of the law of contempt, said Justice Wilmot, was “to keep a (3) of glory” around judges.
However, the doctrine of scandalising the court was used very (4) in England thereafter. In a case decided in 1968, Lord Denning said that contempt of court must not be used to protect the dignity of courts, because “[t]hat must rest on surer foundations”. In 1974, the Phillimore Committee wrote in its report that most scandalous attacks against judges were best ignored because they usually came from “disappointed (5) or their friends” and to initiate proceedings against them would “(6) give them greater publicity”. In 2012, the Law Commission there found that though there was a lot of abusive material directed against English judges, particularly online, much of it was “too silly” to be taken seriously. It was also noted that judges had successfully used civil defamation laws, instead of (7) of court, to penalise (8) . For example, in 1992, Justice Popplewell succeeded in a defamation suit which he filed against the Today newspaper which had insinuated that he had fallen asleep during a murder trial. Eventually, in 2013, England (9) the offence of scandalising the court altogether.
Likewise, courts in the U.S. do not have the power to punish anyone for scandalising the court. In Bridges v. California (1941), Justice Felix Frankfurter of the U.S. Supreme Court called the doctrine of “scandalising the court” an example of English “foolishness”. In another case, Justice William O. Douglas wrote that judges are supposed to be “men of (10) , able to thrive in a hardy climate”, who should be able to shrug off contemptuous statements.
- 1) voicing
2) vocalizing
3) pamphlet
4) prattle
5) proseAnswer – 3)
Explanation : pamphlet - 1) elocution
2) locution
3) idiom
4) lingo
5) hauledAnswer – 5)
Explanation : hauled - 1) cool
2) extinguish
3) blaze
4) quench
5) smotherAnswer – 3)
Explanation : blaze - 1) sparingly
2) wet
3) put out
4) continue
5) legalizeAnswer – 1)
Explanation : sparingly - 1) ratify
2) colleague
3) enact
4) litigants
5) allyAnswer – 4)
Explanation : litigants - 1) confirm
2) merely
3) helper
4) adorned
5) decoratedAnswer – 2)
Explanation : merely - 1) admiration
2) establish
3) regard
4) approbation
5) contemptAnswer – 5)
Explanation :contempt - 1) endorsement
2) affection
3) sanction
4) wrongdoers
5) ratifyAnswer – 4)
Explanation : wrongdoers - 1) abolished
2) confirm
3) establish
4) institute
5) supportAnswer – 1)
Explanation : abolished - 1) promote
2) uphold
3) enact
4) fortitude
5) legalizeAnswer – 4)
Explanation : fortitude
