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English Grammar : Conditionals – 1
TYPE – 1 Conditionals
Type – 1 conditional is used for when the time being referred to is now or always and the situation is real and possible. The TYPE -1 is often used to refer to general truths. The tense in both parts of the sentence is the simple present. In these conditional sentences, the word “if” can usually be replaced by the word “when” without changing the meaning.
If clause Main clause
If + simple present simple present
If this thing happens that thing happens.
If you heat ice it melts.
If it rains the grass gets wet.
FORM
As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical. In these conditional sentences, you can replace “if” with “when”, because both express general truths. The meaning will be unchanged.
Examples –
If you heat ice, it melts.
Ice melts if you heat it.
When you heat ice, it melts.
Ice melts when you heat it.
Functions
The type – 1 conditional is used to make statements about the real world, and often refers to general truths, such as scientific facts. In these sentences, the time is now or always and the situation is real and possible.
Examples –
If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
Plants die if they don’t get enough water.
If public transport is efficient, people stop using their cars.
The type – 1 conditional is also often used to give instructions, using the imperative in the main clause.
Examples –
If Raghav phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.
Ask Neeru if you’re not sure what to do.
If you want to come, call me before 5:00.
TYPE 2 CONDITIONAL
The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.
If clause Main clause
If + simple past present conditional or present continuous conditional
If this thing happened that thing would happen. (but I’m not sure this thing will happen) OR that thing would be happening.
If you went to bed earlier you would not be so tired.
If it rained you would get wet.
If I spoke Italian I would be working in Italy.
FORM
In a Type 2 conditional sentence, the tense in the ‘if’ clause is the simple past, and the tense in the main clause is the present conditional or the present continuous conditional.
If clause (condition) Main clause (result)
If + simple past present conditional or present continuous conditional
If this thing happened that thing would happen.
As in all conditional sentences, the order of the clauses is not fixed. You may have to rearrange the pronouns and adjust punctuation when you change the order of the clauses, but the meaning is identical.
Examples –
If it rained, you would get wet.
You would get wet if it rained.
If you went to bed earlier you wouldn’t be so tired.
You wouldn’t be so tired if you went to bed earlier.
Functions
The type 2 conditional refers to an unlikely or hypothetical condition and its probable result. These sentences are not based on the actual situation. In type 2 conditional sentences, the time is now or any time and the situation is hypothetical.
Examples –
If the weather wasn’t so bad, we would go to the park. (But the weather is bad so we can’t go.)
If I was the Queen of England, I would give everyone a chicken. (But I am not the Queen.)
If I knew where she lived, I would go and see her.
It is correct, and very common, to say “if I were” instead of “if I was” (subjunctive mood).
Examples –
If I were taller, I would buy this dress.
If I were 20, I would travel the world.
If I were you, I would give up smoking.
In type 2 conditional sentences, you can also use modals in the main clause instead of “would” to express the degree of certainty, permission, or a recommendation about the outcome.
Examples –
We might buy a larger house if we had more money
He could go to the concert if you gave him your ticket.
If he called me, I couldn’t hear.
The present conditional tense
The present conditional of any verb is composed of two elements:
would + the infinitive of the main verb, without “to”
Subject + would + infinitive
He would go
They would stay
TO GO: PRESENT CONDITIONAL
Affirmative Negative Interrogative Interrogative Negative
I would go I wouldn’t go Would I go? Wouldn’t I go?
You would go You wouldn’t go Would you go? Wouldn’t you go?
He would go He wouldn’t go Would he go? Wouldn’t he go?
We would go We wouldn’t go Would we go? Wouldn’t we go?
They would go They wouldn’t go Would they go? Wouldn’t they go?
