Fund the unfunded
Focussing the MSME, MUDRA began its journey on 25th September 2014 as an NBFC (Non Banking Financial Company). With its high success rate, MUDRA was later claimed to act as an individual bank from 8th April 2015 over a proper legislation.MUDRA is one of the most topical flourishing initiatives of Government of India to strengthen the MSME (Micro Small and Medium Enterprises) sector. While big industrial houses endow with jobs to 1.25 Crore people, small entrepreneurs have given employment to 12 crore people (Quoted by PM Modi; The Hindu).
A portal called mudra.org.in was launched for the banks and other finance institutions to directly feed their achievement details as consolidated reports.The progress of PMMY is monitored by SLBC (State Level Banker Committee) at state level and at national level is under direct control of the Finance Ministry.
Mudra has identified 97 nodal officers to act as first contact person. These officers are seated in SIDBI (Small scale Industries Development Bank of India) banks of their zones.
One such MUDRA is PMMY
About PMMY
The Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana is availed under three categories as follows
| S No | Loan Category | Loan Amount | Interest rates | Loan Description |
| 1 | Shishu | Rs 50,000 | 10 – 12% | Targeted towards start – ups |
| 2 | Kishor | Rs 50,000 –5,00,000 | 14 – 17% |
|
| 3 | Tarun | Rs 5,00,000 –10,00,000 | Starts from 16% | Help well established businesses reach a higher level. |
Out of 32.7 million borrowers, 30.3 million borrowers are from Shishu category.
The PMMY scheme has introduced a MUDRA card to refinance in a hassle free conduct. The card can be used as a Rupay card to debit and credit money from the account and also at Point of Sale machines. It primarily aids in repaying the amount as and when surplus cash is available. This reduces the interest cost at an elevated plane.
As a precursor to the success of PMMY, Government at 2015 – 16 budget established MUDRA bank. Through MUDRA bank, it allocated 20,000 crore rupees as a refinance fund with 3,000 crore rupees as credit guarantee fund. The loan is applicable only to Indian citizens unlike the other loans.
Now all the regulatory and supervisory frameworks of PMMY are being carried out under MUDRA banks.
Responsibilities of PMMY
- Registration, regulation and accreditation of MFI – Micro Finance Institutes.
- Framing policy guidelines for MFI
- Monitoring the financial practices to remove indebtedness.
- Promoting technological solutions.
- Planning and implementation of a Credit Gurantee Scheme for providing guarantees to the loans that are being extended.
Advancement of PMMY
PMMY offers a minimum of 60% of financial support to enterprises in the fewest sectors. First time or First generation entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs’ up to the age of 30 years and women entrepreneurs are encouraged with special schemes.
The best thing about PMMY is that it consigns it emphasis on cash flow based lending. It completely boycotts COLLATERAL SECURITY.
Eligibility criteria of PMMY 2017
- The participating banks have to have a profit record of 3 years straight.
- Their NPA – Non Performing Asset should be less than or equal to 3%
- The bank’s CRAR – Capital to Risk Assets ratio should be at least 9%
- Their net worth should be at least 100 crores.
PMMY and Budget 2017
Finance Minister, Arun Jaitley, while presenting his union budget for 2017 – 18 announced that he is proposing to double the lending target of PMMY to 2.44 lakh crores. This is almost double when compared with the budget allocation in the previous years of 1.3 lakh crores. He also added that PMMY has exceeded it allocated fund of 1.8 lalkh crore. This is a vital step in creating jobs and employment.
Challenges in the path of PMMY
- Though report shows more loans are being provided under SHISHU category, it is highly challenging to keep a balanced distribution of funds among all the categories.
- Never a condition of larger portion of the allocated fund is available to the bigger companies and too little capital is distributed to micro and small business sectors should be prevailed.
- The toughest challenge is to monitor the ratio of growth of the enterprise and the number of employees in the firm. It is highly possible that many firms fail to employ more people even when they become more than a decade old.
The way ahead of PMMY
There has to be a strict condition that the entrepreneurs should maintain books of accounts on revenue, output, taxes, employees and expensesThe government has to take initiatives in extending the mobility of the firms to medium and large sizes.
The aims of the policy must make the benefiter grow out of their sizes under a constant monitoring unit led by government.
Last but not least objective criteria have to be made in an apolitical fashion which is highly challenging.
Analysis of PMMY
PMMY and the NCSBS
India is making a rapid move towards establishing a robust manufacturing base for a sustained growth and job creations. This movement cannot solely rely on the big corporate as they are limited in their extent of high value generation. Therefore small business units have to be mainstreamed with better institutional financial support.
A very similar and existing support is NCSBS – Non Corporate Small Business Sector which is also under MUDRA. It focuses on myriad of small manufacturing units, repair shops, fruits vegetable vendors, artisans, food processors, and many others. They create in numerous input bases and supplement the total output for national and international consumption. This is definitely a precise attempt to strengthen MAKE IN INDIA. But to trust in successful and dedicated implementation, government has to integrate PMMY, NCSBS and other such small scale support lines to get a vigorous harvest.
PMMY and TUFs
TUF stands for Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme. IT was launched in 1999 to serve the textile industry. Though it was launched for 5 years at the beginning, later was extended on its remarkable contribution in productivity. TUF contributed around 4% of GDP and created employment for 35 million people (Source : mudra.org). Our Indian textiles are less competitive internationally as it suffers a loss in the face of low quality high quantity and low quantity high quality exports!
Hence the in order to quench the dwindling market thirst it is highly significant to install new technologies and machineries to simultaneously improve quality and quantity of the export products.
In light of the above, financial support of PMMY, with technology as a special sector will absolutely complement its success predecessor TUF. PMMY will undoubtedly help to meet its immediate capital and credit requirements.
According to the 2016-17 budget, PMMY has to get back its disbursement of 1.22 lakh crore. Such a high ambitious targets would certainly have to overcome a lot of hurdles.
Obstacles of PMMY in Accomplishing the Goal
The true success solely rests on Skill development and knowledge. With PMMY’s financial support the loaner has to update himself with the technologies and other skill sets. The government has to take a good care of such conditions to avoid the effort of PMMY go in vain.
The gap in the growth orientation that is lacked by the small units has to be filled in. Hence, the linking of NRLM – National Rural Livelihood has to be planned wisely.
Small units generally lack the spirit of enhancing their scope and thereby the market development skills which could endanger PMMY. Growth and a good market expansion is necessary to make small units viably good.
Illiteracy is another challenge that has to be looked upon. Information and Skill quotient is meek in rural areas mainly because of illiteracy. In such situations even a high end financial support could lead to jeopardy.
Where does PMMY needs to be improved?
PMMY has not yet considered NPA – Non Performing Asset. NPA is a credit facility for which the principal or interest payment remained overdue over time duration of 90 days. PMMY has not taken a note of NPA which is a conspicuous concern. Further, the feature of almost zero percent lending would accentuate the NPA mess more.
Bottom-line, collecting such huge amounts becomes difficult. So, the Credit Guarantee Element of the Yojana has to be resolved and the PSBs have to be pushed to achieve the scheme targets.
Conclusion
PMMY is definitely a potent step towards the development of economy enhancing the income generation in the country. It has put a step ahead when compared to other schemes in rewarding the young entrepreneurial achievers in supporting their credit standing.
Ultimately, PMMY in collaboration with the partner institutions can succeed a great financial security for the country.
Quiz on PMMY – Test yourself
- When did MUDRA begin its journey?
- When as PMMY launched?
- Is PMMY applicable to NRI?
- What is the amount allocated for PMMY in the budget 2017?
- What are the categories in PMMY?
- What should be the profit record of the bank that participates in PMMY loan?
