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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
Mission MAUSAM: Enhancing Weather and Climate Resilience for India
Mission MAUSAM, a landmark initiative led by the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), is designed to position India as aworld leader in the field of weather and climate sciences. It aimed to make India “Weather Ready” and “Climate Smart”, complying with the international standards by 2026.
- It was approved by the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi in September 2024, with a total budget outlay of Rs 2,000 crore for period of 2 years.
i.It is a transformative initiative which aims to boost India’s capacity in weather and climate-related sciences and services.
- Key Target: To setup 50 Doppler Weather Radars (DWR), 60 Radio Sonde /Radio Wind (RS/RW) stations, 100 disdrometers, 10 Wind Profilers, 25 radiometers, 1 urban test-bed, 1 process test-bed, 1 ocean research station and 10 marine automatic weather stations with upper air observation.
ii.The mission is being implemented by MoES through its 3 premier institutions: New Delhi (Delhi)-based India Meteorological Department (IMD), Noida (Uttar Pradesh, UP) based National Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), and Pune (Maharashtra)-based Indian Institute of Tropical Meteorology (IITM).
- The mission further received support from allied bodies of MoES like: Hyderabad (Telangana)-based Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) and Chennai (Tamil Nadu, TN)-based National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT).
About Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES):
Union Minister of State (MoS) (Independent Charge, IC)– Dr. Jitendra Singh (Constituency- Udhampur, Jammu & Kashmir, J&K)
>> Read Full News
SAIL Earns ‘Great Place to Work’ Certification for 2025-2026
In December 2024, New Delhi(Delhi) based Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL) has been awarded the ‘Great Place to Work’ certification for the period January 2025 to January 2026, by the Great Place to Work Institute, India.
- This marks the 2nd consecutive year SAIL has earned this recognition, having previously received it for December 2023 to December 2024.
i.The certification is awarded after a thorough evaluation of an organization’s workplace culture, including extensive employee feedback.
ii.With this certification, SAIL aims to continue expanding its HR programs and employee engagement initiatives, ensuring a resilient, well-equipped workforce.
- Key programs include flexible work policies like Work from Other than Workplace(WoW), advanced Information Technology and digital training in partnership with National Association of Software and Service Companies(NASSCOM), leadership development programs with IIMs, enhanced healthcare services with Deloitte, and e-learning platforms such as LinkedIn Learning Hub and e-Pathshala.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
India Ranked 123rd out of 143 Countries in Readiness for a Rapidly Aging Society
According to the study published in an indexed medical journal ‘Nature Aging’, India ranked at 123rd position among 143 countries (accounting 95.4% of the world’s population) worldwide in terms of its readiness to tackle the challenges posed by an aging population.
- Switzerland has secured 1st position with the highest score of 82.3, followed by Norway and Denmark ranked at 2nd and 3rd position, respectively.
- Currently, India is the youngest country in the world, with more than 50% of its population below the age of 25 and more than 65% below the age of 35. But, this scenario will change in the next few decades and Indians will have the largest population of senior citizens.
i.The study was conducted by researchers from the National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore and New York (the United States of America, USA)-based Columbia University, who developed a new measure “Global Aging Index”.
ii.Rwanda (143rd) ranked lowest in the index with an overall score of 36.6, followed by Togo (142nd), Afghanistan (141st), Benin (140th) and Malawi (139th).
>> Read Full News
Sevdalinka: Bosnia’s ‘Balkan Blues’ Gains UNESCO Recognition
In December 2024, Sevdalinka, a melancholic and ancient love song from Bosnia and Herzegovina, was added to United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO’s) National Inventory of Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH). This recognition ensures that the tradition is safeguarded and celebrated, both nationally and internationally.
- The song, which dates back to the 16th century, is often referred to as the ‘Balkan blues’ due to its emotional depth and soulful melodies.
- ICH means the practices, representations, expressions, knowledge and skills that communities, groups and individuals recognize as a part of their cultural heritage.
About Bosnia and Herzegovina:
President- Denis Bećirović
Prime Minister (PM)– Nermin Nikšić
Capital- Sarajevo
Currency- Bosnia-Herzegovina Convertible Mark (BAM)
>> Read Full News
BANKING & FINANCE
RBI released the Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2023-24
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has released the Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2023-24 under Section 36(2) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
- It presents the performance of the banking sector, including commercial banks, co-operative banks and non-banking financial institutions, during 2023-24 and 2024-25 so far.
Banks’ profitability improves for 6th year in row in FY24
i.According to RBI’s report, profitability of the commercial banks in India increased for the 6th consecutive year in 2023-2024.
ii.The banks witnessed a Return on Assets (RoA) of 1.4% and a Return on Equity (RoE) of 14.6% in Financial Year (FY) 2024 with profitability remaining robust in the first half of FY25.
The report showed that the banks’ gross non-performing assets ratio (NPA), or the proportion of bad assets to total loans, declined to a 13-year low of 2.5% at end of September from 2.7% at end-March 2024.
Banking frauds in India rose to 18461 cases in H1FY25
i.According to the RBI data, the number of bank frauds witnessed a significant increase of 27 per cent year-on-year in April-September 2024 to 18,461 cases and the amount involved jumped more than eight-fold to Rs 21,367 crore as compared to 14,480 cases involving Rs 2,623 crore in FY23.
CRAR of SCBs was 16.8% at end-September 2024
The report showed that the capital to risk-weighted assets ratio (CRAR) of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) was 16.8% in September 2024, with all bank groups meeting the regulatory minimum requirement and the common equity tier 1 (CET1) ratio requirement.
>> Read Full News
RBI Released the Financial Stability Report, December 2024
In December 2024, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the half-yearly publication of the ‘Financial Stability Report (FSR), December 2024’ which shows the joint assessment of the sub-committee of the Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) of the potential risks to financial stability and the resilience of the Indian financial system.
- The report covered both international and domestic economic conditions, the performance of Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs) and Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs), and the solvency of the insurance sector.
- The report observed that SCBs has been strengthened by strong profitability, decreasing Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) and sufficient capital and liquidity buffers.
i.As per the RBI’s FSR, the Indian economy is demonstrating strength and resilience thus it has projected that India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth rate will be at 6.6% in the Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25).
ii.As per the RBI’s FSR, the asset quality of SCBs improved further with their Gross Non-Performing Assets (GNPA) ratio declined to 12-year low of 2.6% in September 2024.
- The stress test scenario has further projected that GNPA ratio could possibly increase to 3% by the end of March 2026, for 46 banks under the baseline scenario, and 5% and 5.35%,respectively, under two different high risk scenarios.
About Reserve Bank of India(RBI):
Governor- Sanjay Malhotra (26th Governor of RBI)
Headquarter- Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established-1 April, 1935
>> Read Full News
RBI’s New Guidelines: Closure of Dormant, Inactive, and Zero Balance Accounts from January 1, 2025
The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has issued a new guideline starting from January 1, 2025, which mandates the closure of 3 types of bank accounts. These include Dormant Accounts, Inactive Accounts, and Zero Balance Accounts. This move aims to enhance banking security, reduce fraudulent activities, and improve overall efficiency in banking operations.
i.The RBI also introduced new guidelines for Fixed Deposits(FDs) with Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) and Housing Finance Companies (HFCs) which will come into effect from January 1 2025.Key changes include revised premature withdrawal rules.
ii.For small deposits up to Rs 10,000, depositors can withdraw the entire amount within three months of depositing without interest.
- For larger deposits, partial withdrawals of up to 50% of the principal amount or Rs 5 lakh (whichever is lower) are allowed within three months without interest.
AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS
Haryana: Karnal Students Honoured by NASA for Asteroid Discovery
Twelve students and two teachers from Dyal Singh Public School in Karnal, Haryana have been honoured by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA)’s International Astronomical Search Collaboration (IASC) for their discovery of a Main-Belt Asteroid (MBA) TD40 found using data from pan-STARRS telescope ,operated by the Institute for Astronomy at the University of Hawaii, United States.
- Diksha, a Class XI student, and her team Aryabhatta consisting of 11 peers under the guidance of Principal Sushma Devgun and Dr. Kaveri Chauhan, received IASC certificates for discovering and registering 11 near-Earth objects.
i.The students spent two years working with expert guidance and using free online software. An asteroid will be named after Diksha, marking a first for any school in Haryana.
ii.Among the 11 solar system objects discovered by the team, the IASC has classified one as a provisional MBA discovery.
Note: MBAs are asteroids that orbit the Sun within the asteroid belt, a region located between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter, about 2.1 to 3.3 astronomical units(AU) ,approximately 195 to 307 million miles) from the Sun.
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
Sanjiv Ranjan Appointed as Secretary General of IORA
In December 2024, the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) announced that Senior Indian Foreign Service (IFS) officer Sanjiv Ranjan has been appointed as the Secretary General of the Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA) Secretariat in Ebene,Mauritius. He succeeds Salman Al-Farisi of Indonesia.
- His term will last for three years with effect from January 1 2025, until his superannuation on January 31, 2026, or until further orders, whichever occurs earlier.
- Prior to this, he served as the Officer on Special Duty in the MEA.
About Sanjiv Ranjan:
i.Sanjiv Ranjan joined the Indian Foreign Service(IFS) in 1993 and has since established a distinguished diplomacy career, focusing on multilateral and bilateral cooperation.
ii.From 1995 to 2009, he held several diplomatic roles in Indian embassies in Madrid and Lima and at the Permanent Mission of India in New York, the United states of America(USA).
- Additionally, from 2006 to 2009, he served as the Deputy High Commissioner of India to Mauritius.
iii.He served as India’s Ambassador to Argentina (2016-2019), with additional accreditation to Uruguay and Paraguay, and later as Ambassador to Colombia (2019-2022), with accreditation to Ecuador.
v.Most recently, he has been serving as an Officer on Special Duty (Secretary Rank) at MEA, Government of India (GoI), handling personnel, establishment, and e-governance.
About Indian Ocean Rim Association (IORA):
i.Founded in 1997, IORA is an inter-governmental organization dedicated to promoting regional economic cooperation across the Indian Ocean.
ii.IORA comprises 23 member states: India, Australia, Bangladesh, Comoros, France, Indonesia, Iran, Kenya, Madagascar, Malaysia, the Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Oman, Seychelles, Singapore, Somalia, South Africa, Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Thailand, the United Arab Emirates, and Yemen.
iii.It includes 12 dialogue partners: China, Egypt, the European Union, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, South Korea, the UK, and the USA.
iv.In 2015, IORA was granted observer status at both the United Nation General Assembly(UNGA) and the African Union.
Secretary-General – Sanjiv Ranjan
Headquarters – Ebene, Mauritius
Chair – Sri Lanka
Vice-Chair – India
Note: India will take over the chairmanship from Sri Lanka for the 2025-2027 term.
Vitul Kumar appointed as DG of CRPF
On December 31 2024, the Government of India(GoI) appointed Vitul Kumar, a 1993-batch Indian Police Service(IPS) officer, as an additional charge as Director General (DG) of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) upon the superannuation of incumbent DG of CRPF, Anish Dayal Singh.
- The appointment order was issued by the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). He will hold the position until regular appointment or until further orders, issued by the MHA.
- The senior IPS officer from the Uttar Pradesh (UP) cadre, is currently serving as the Special DG of the CRPF.
About Vitul Kumar:
i.Vitul Kumar, IPS officer of Uttar Pradesh(UP) cadre, has held various positions within the CRPF.
ii.In 2009, he was promoted to the rank of Deputy Inspector General (DIG).
iii.He was further promoted to IG in 2012, and to Additional Director General (ADG) in 2018.
iv.In September 2024, he was appointed as the ‘Special DG of the CRPF’, a position he will hold until his retirement on August 31, 2028.
Awards & Honors:
i.His distinguished service has earned him several awards and honors, including the President’s Police Medal (PPM) on January 26, 2021 and the Police Medal (PM) on August 15, 2009.
ii.He was also awarded the ‘Director General’s Commendation Disc’ in Silver on January 26, 2016, and in Gold on January 26, 2018.
About Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF):
The CRPF, initially established as the ‘Crown Representatives Police’ on July 27, 1939, assumed its current name when the CRPF Act was passed on December 28, 1949.
- The force has since evolved into a substantial and diverse organization with a Directorate, four Zonal Headquarters, 21 Administrative Sectors, 2 Operational Sectors, 39 Administrative Ranges, 17 Operational Ranges, 43 Group Centres & 22 Training Institutions.
Director-General (DG)- Vitul Kumar
Headquarters- New Delhi (Delhi)
Established– 1939
ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS
CCI Approvals on December 31st 2024
On December 31 2024, the Competition Commission of India (CCI) has approved the following proposals:
i.The certain stake acquisition of Hyderabad (Telangana)-based Fourth Partner Energy Limited (FPEL), India’s leading renewable energy company focusing on building and financing renewable energy projects jointly by Washington, D.C. (the United States of America (USA)-based International Finance Corporation (IFC), a member of the World Bank Group (WBG), Manila (the Philippines)-based Asian Development Bank (ADB) and German government’s DEG (Deutsche Investitions und Entwicklungsgellschaft mbH).
ii.Virginia (the USA)-based Mars, Incorporated (Mars) to acquire all outstanding equity shares of Chicago (the USA)-based Kellanova (formerly Kellogg Company), a Delaware corporation listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) for USD 36 billion.
iii.Acquisition of 72.89% voting share capital in Indore (Madhya Pradesh (MP))-based Prataap Snacks Limited by Mumbai (Maharashtra)-based Authum Investment & Infrastructure Ltd. (Authum), a Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC) registered with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Ms. Mahi Madhusudhan Kela.
About Competition Commission of India(CCI):
It is a statutory body constituted under Competition Act, 2002.
Chairman- Ravneet Kaur
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Established- 2003
>> Read Full News
ENVIRONMENT
Discovery of new species of Stellaria in WB named as Stellaria bengalensis
In December 2024, Researchers identified a new species of the genus Stellaria (family Caryophyllaceae) in Kalimpong, West Bengal (WB), marking the 2nd Stellaria species reported in 2024. The species was named as ‘Stellaria bengalensis’. A paper on the finding was published in the journal Phytotaxa.
- The 1st discovery was found in Nelliyampathy Hills, Palakkad , Kerala in May 2024 and was named as ‘Stellaria mcclintockiae’.
- It was discovered by Arya S, Post-Graduate (PG) & Research Department of Botany, PSG College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore(Tamil Nadu, TN); and Harsh Singh, Centre for Advanced Studies in Botany, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong(Meghalaya).
i.Stellaria bengalensis is an annual herb growing to a height of 8 to 10.5 centimetres(cms). It is characterized by white flowers, absence of bract, shorter petals included within the sepal and sharp, pointed seeds. The flowering period of the plant is from May to September.
ii.India is home to around 22 Stellaria species, mostly found in the Himalayan region. The population of the species was assessed as ‘data deficient’ under International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) criteria.
OBITUARY
Renowned French Indologist and Padma Shri Awardee Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat passed away
On December 28 2024, French-Indian Sanskrit Scholar and Padma Shri Awardee Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat passed away at the age of 88 in Paris, France. He was born on 15 February 1936 in France.
- Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat has received numerous awards including the ‘Padma Shri’ award in 2024.
About Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat:
i.Pierre-Sylvain Filliozat , a prominent scholar specializing in Sanskrit and Indian studies was a Professor Emeritus of Sanskrit.
- His thesis, titled “Alamkara-shastra,” analyzed the 13th-century Sanskrit treatise on poetics.
ii.He worked in India from 1963 to 1967 as a member of the École française d’Extrême-Orient (French School of Asian Studies) in Pondicherry.
- He served as a Member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres in 2000 and served as President in 2010.
- He served as the Vice-President of the Société Asiatique, Paris (2000-2019).
- He conducted training in Sanskrit with traditional Pandits, including N. Ramachandra Bhat and M. S. Narasimhacharya, during his time in Pondicherry.
iv.From 1967 to 2004, he served as a Professor of Sanskrit at the École pratique des Hautes Études (School of Higher Studies), Sorbonne, France.
- Since his retirement in 2004, he has continued to research and contribute to the field as an Emeritus Professor.
v.He made contributions to various fields of Indology, including Sanskrit language and grammar (Vyakarana), philology, paleography, epigraphy, poetry & poetics Tantra, and the Sanskrit literature of Saiva siddhanta school.
- He has published over 23 books and more than 250 scholarly articles on these subjects.
vi.He also did research on Indian religious architecture and iconography, with special focus on Karnataka monuments and Hampi.
Awards and Honors:
i.In 2013, he was awarded the ‘Mahamaho Padhyaya Honoris Causa’ from Lal Bahadur Shastri National Sanskrit University, New Delhi, Delhi.
- He was presented with a Certificate of Honour for Sanskrit from the President of India (2014).
ii.He received the ‘Padma Shri’ award in 2024 for his contributions to Sanskrit studies.
iii.He received ‘Shree Vanamali Samskruti Seva Award’ from the Shree Vanamali Charitable Trust, Mysuru in 2023.
- He has been awarded Chevalier de la Légion d’Honneur, Chevalier de l’Ordre national du Mérite, and Commandeur de l’Ordre des Palmes Académiques in recognition of his academic and scholarly achievements.
BOOKS & AUTHORS
Former Indian Wicket-Keeper Syed Kirmani Releases His Autobiography in Karnataka
On December 29 2024, Legendary former Indian Cricketer and wicket-keeper Syed Mujtaba Hussein Kirmani, an One Day International (ODI) World Cup winner with India in 1983, released his autobiography titled “Stumped: Life Behind and Beyond the Twenty-Two Yards”.
- The book was launched on his 75th birthday at Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengaluru (Karnataka) and was published by Penguin Play.
- The book was authored over a span of 5 years by Syed Mujtaba Hussein Kirmani and was co-authored by Debashish Sengupta and Dakshesh Pathak.
i.The book explores the personal glimpses of his life, his cricket journey of both on and off the field and an intense anecdotes from his career bringing the audiences a look into the world of 80s cricket.
ii.The event witnessed the presence of legendary cricketers, EAS Prasanna, Kapil Dev, Rahul Dravid, Anil Kumble, VVS Laxman and Infosys founder Narayana Murthy along with Karnataka Deputy Chief Minister (DYCM) D. K. Shivakumar.
IMPORTANT DAYS
Ministry of Defence Declared 2025 as “Year of Reforms”
On January 1 2025, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) declared 2025 as the “Year of Reforms”, with the objective of transforming the tri-services into a technologically-advanced combat-ready force capable of multi-domain integrated operations.
- This decision was unanimously taken during a meeting chaired by Rajnath Singh, MoD with all the secretaries of the MoD to review the progress on various schemes, projects, reforms, among others.
Key Focus Areas:
i.As per the MoD, Reforms should aim to further strengthen Jointness & Integration initiatives and facilitate the setting-up of the Integrated Theatre Commands.
ii.Reforms should focus on new key areas like: Cyber and Space, and emerging technologies such as: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Hypersonics and Robotics. MoD has outlined associated tactics, techniques and procedures which play an important role in the winning of future wars should also be developed.
iii.The wider aim of the reforms will be to make the defence acquisition procedures simpler and time-sensitive to facilitate quick and robust capability development.
iv.MoD has also directed for developing a shared understanding of operational requirements and joint operational capabilities through inter-service cooperation and training.
v.Reforms should provide technology transfer and knowledge sharing between the defence sector and civil industries and promote Public-Private partnerships (PPPs) by enhancing ease of doing business.
vi.Reforms should focus on fostering collaboration among key stakeholders in the defence ecosystem, break silos, eliminate inefficiencies and optimize utilization of resources.
vii.MoD should work towards positioning India as a credible exporter of defence products, promoting Research and Development (R&D) and partnerships between Indian industries and foreign Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) for knowledge sharing and resource integration.
viii.Reforms should also ensure the welfare of veterans while using their expertise.
ix.Reforms should instil pride in Indian culture and ideas, promoting confidence in achieving international
Points to Note:
The MoD has set a target to achieve defence exports worth Rs 50,000 crore by 2029, which is over 137% larger than the record Rs 21,083 crore (approximately USD 2.63 billion) achieved in the Financial Year 2023-24(FY24).
- This latest data represents a 32.5% increase from the Rs 15,920 crore exported in FY23 and marks a 31-fold growth compared to FY14.
About Ministry of Defence (MoD):
Union Minister- Rajnath Singh(Lok Sabha constituency- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, UP)
Minister of State (MoS)– Sanjay Seth( Lok Sabha constituency- Ranchi, Jharkhand)
STATE NEWS
Sikkim Celebrates Annual Kagyad Dance Festival at Gangtok
Sikkim celebrated the annual Kagyad Dance festival at Tsuklakhang Palace in Gangtok,city of Sikkim with great traditional enthusiasm. The festival, observed on the 28th and 29th days of the 10th month in the Tibetan calendar (December), honours the eight Tantrik deities, known as Kagyad.
- Kagyed Dance, also known as Chaam, is a unique Buddhist festival in Sikkim.
i.The festival is celebrated by Buddhists in monasteries, especially at the Old Rumtek Monastery, Phodong Monastery, and Tshuklakhang Palace.
ii.Monks, dressed in traditional attire with ceremonial swords and masks, dance gracefully to the beat of drums and trumpets, telling stories from Buddhist mythology, particularly those of Guru Padmasambhava, who brought Buddhism to Sikkim
Note –Sakewa Silior is a another kind of dance form specific to the Kirat Rai (Khambu) community of the transborder Eastern Himalayan region located in present-day Nepal, Bhutan, Darjeeling, Kalimpong, as well as Sikkim and other states of Northeast India.
- This kind of dance involve dancers mimicking the movements and sounds of birds, animals, and nature, holding cultural significance.
Gujarat launches ‘SWAR’ platform to overcome language barriers
On December 2024, the Chief Minister (CM) of Gujarat, Bhupendra Patel, launched the “SWAR (Speech and Written Analysis Resource)” to overcome language barriers and enhance communication between citizens and the government on the occasion of Good Governance Day on December 25, 2024.
- The platform utilizes Bhashini, an indigenous Artificial Intelligence (AI) system, developed under the National Language Translation Mission (NLTM) by the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MoE&IT).
i.The SWAR platform integrates Speech-to-Text functionality, enabling citizens to dictate their messages rather than typing them manually, making the process more accessible.
ii.The platform will support the CM’s Office (CMO) by incorporating AI, Machine Learning (ML), Natural Language Processing (NLP), Open Source Generative AI (GenAI) and Computer Vision to enhance communication and resource management.
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