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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
MoS Defence Sanjay Seth Launches GRSE Accelerated Innovation Nurturing Scheme 2024
On July 10, 2024, Minister of State (MoS) Sanjay Seth, Ministry of Defence (MoD), launched the 2nd edition of the “GRSE Accelerated Innovation Nurturing Scheme (GAINS 2024)” in Kolkata, West Bengal.
- This innovative scheme by Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) aims to find solutions for shipyard-related problems and promote technology development through Indian start-ups.
Key People: GRSE Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) Cmde PR Hari; Directors of GRSE and other dignitaries were present during the event.
Note: Kolkata, West Bengal(WB) based GRSE is a Miniratna Category I Public Sector Undertaking(PSU) under the Ministry of Defence(MoD).
About GAINS:
i.GAINS is a national initiative launched by GRSE in 2023 as an open challenge to inspire start-ups and other entities to create innovative solutions.
ii.It has a two-stage selection process:
- Stage I: Initiation/Familiarization phase.
- Stage II: Submission of a detailed Project Report with technical descriptions.
iii.In the 2023 edition, 6 innovators were selected from 51 applicants for detailed evaluation in Stage II. GRSE provided funding from its Research and Development (R&D) budget for these projects.
About GAINS 2024:
Themes:
The themes for GAINS 2024 are same as 2023 edition viz:
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Shipbuilding
- Renewable/Green Energy and Energy Efficiency
- Efficiency Enhancement in Shipyard Operations
Offerings to Participants
i.Participants can receive up to Rs 5 lakh each for delivering the Project Report in Stage II, based on GRSE’s evaluation.
ii.Winners may be awarded contracts too, and if the developed products are sold to other customers, a revenue-sharing model will be established.
Significance:
This aligns with the Government of India’s (GoIs) ‘Make in India’ and ‘Start-up India’ policies by encouraging and utilizing Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and start-ups to develop groundbreaking solutions in ship design and construction while promoting self-reliance (Atmanirbharta).
India Generated 125 Million Jobs between FY14 and FY23: SBI Report
According to the State Bank of India (SBI)’s Economic Research Department (ERD) based on the Reserve Bank of India(RBI) data, India generated 125 million jobs between FY14 (2013-14) and FY23 (2022-23) against 29 million jobs generated between FY04 and FY14.
- So, jobs created during FY14-23 are 4.3 times more than the preceding decadal period of FY04-FY14.
- Excluding agriculture, the total jobs generated in manufacturing and services sector increased by 33%, from 66 million jobs during FY04-FY14 to 89 million during FY14-23.
Key Findings of the Report:
i.The report noted that the total employment recorded by Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) registered with the Ministry of MSME, Government of India (GoI) has breached the mark of 200 million which indicates towards a robust growth in the MSME sector.
ii.The report highlighted that as of 4th July 2024, nearly 47 million MSMEs registered on Udyam portal, reported 202 million jobs which include 23.2 million jobs by Goods and Services Tax (GST)-exempted informal micro enterprises, saw an increase of 66% from 121 million jobs in July, 2023.
iii.The report compared the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO)data with Reserve Bank of India (RBI)’s) KLEMS (Capital K, Labour L, Energy E, Material M, and Services S) data which was recently released on 8th July, 2024.
- It revealed that share of EPFO jobs, which primarily covers low-income jobs, has declined from an average of 51% in the 5 years of the FY19-FY23 to 28% in FY24.
- This significant decline in the share of EPFO jobs indicates that better-paid jobs are becoming more available in the economy.
iv.The report noted that the RBI’s KLEMS data is in alignment with Annual Survey of Unicorporated Sector Enterprises (ASUSE) 2022-23 as KLEMS data showed that total labour force in India is at 597 million which is almost equivalent to 568 million as per the ASUSE survey for 2022-23.
- The RBI report underscored that the country added 4.7 million jobs in FY24 which is more than double of what it added in FY23 and the highest figure in 4 decades.
About State Bank of India(SBI):
Chairman- Dinesh Kumar Khara
Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra
Tag line-The Banker to Every Indian
Founded in- 1st July 1955
India & Taiwan implements Mutual Recognition Agreement for Organic Products
i.India and Taiwan implements the Mutual Recognition Agreement (MRA) for organic products with effect from 8th July 2024. This marks the first bilateral agreement for organic products between India and Taiwan.
- This was announced during the 9th Working Group on Trade Meeting with Taiwan held in New Delhi, Delhi.
ii.The Confederation of Indian Textile Industry (CITI) and the Taiwan Textile Federation (TTF) have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to enhance cooperation and foster exchanges in the textile and clothing industries of India and Taiwan.
About Taiwan:
Capital– Taipei
President– Dr. Lai Ching-te
Currency– New Taiwan Dollar
>> Read Full News
Kerala set to become the first state in India to publish PBR
Kerala is set to become the first State in India to publish the People’s Biodiversity Register (PBR) across all local bodies. This document is dynamic, requiring periodic updates on ecosystem details, landscapes, species, and traditional knowledge.
- The Kerala state biodiversity board (KSBB) complete the updation of the PBR in 50% of local bodies in the State before the end of 2024.
Thazhakara released its 2nd PBR:
Thazhakara(Alappuzha) has become the 1st Gram panchayat (GP) in Kerala, and one of the 1st in Kerala to update and publish the 2nd volume of the comprehensive PBR, a document on local biological resources and traditional knowledge, involving the local communities.
- The 261-page document details regional biodiversity, resources, discoveries, traditional knowledge, and climate change impacts, among other details, to the KSBB.
Background:
i.The first volume of the PBR was published 10 years ago and lacked vital information.
ii.The second volume serves as a comprehensive report on the biodiversity across all 21 wards. The three-month survey conducted to prepare PBR was carried out by trained volunteers.
iii.The Thazhakara GP boasts 38 sacred groves, 10 paddy polders, and 35 ponds.
- The PBR’s 2nd volume serves as a comprehensive report on the biodiversity across all 21 wards and its preparation involved local communities and trained volunteers.
About People’s Biodiversity Register:
- The People’s Biodiversity Register(PBR) serves as a comprehensive record of various aspects of biodiversity, including the conservation of habitats, preservation of land races, folk varieties and cultivars, domesticated stocks and breeds of animals, micro-organisms, and the accumulation of knowledge related to the area’s biological diversity.
- As per the Biological Diversity Act 2002, Biodiversity Management Committees (BMC) are created for “promoting conservation, sustainable use and documentation of biological diversity” by local bodies across the country.
- BMCs have been constituted by the local bodies in the States and Union Territories(UT) and are entrusted with preparation of the PBRs, in consultation with local communities.
About Kerala:
Chief Minister (CM)- Pinarayi Vijayan
Governor– Arif Mohammed Khan
Capital – Thiruvananthapuram
Wildlife Sanctuaries– Peppara Wildlife Sanctuary, and Shendurney Wildlife Sanctuary
Zoological Parks– Thiruvananthapuram Zoological Park, and Thrissur Zoo & Museum
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
UNESCO Announces New World Soil Health Index at International Conference on Soils in Morocco
The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) announced the New World Soil Health Index at an International Conference on Soils in Agadir, Morocco to establish global standards for soil quality assessment.
- The conference was organised by UNESCO and the Kingdom of Morocco’s National Agency for the Development of Oasis and Argan Zones (ANDZOA), which brought together experts and representatives from over 30 countries.
About the World Soil Health Index:
i.This index will be a standardised measure to evaluate and compare soil quality across different regions and ecosystems.
ii.It will allow the identification of patterns indicating degradation or improvement, the identification of high-risk locations, and a better understanding of the efficacy of soil management practices.
Pilot Programme:
i.Furthermore to this index, the UNESCO will also launch a Pilot Programme for the sustainable management of soils and landscapes in around 10 natural sites protected under its Biosphere Reserves(BR) programme.
ii.It has two goals:
- To evaluate the efficacy of the management techniques implemented in these sites and
- To ensure that the most effective of these methods can be implemented in other parts of the world.
iii.The site managers will be encouraged to create innovative soil conservation and land management projects.
- It will also include an educational component in which UNESCO will promote awareness and engage younger generations.
Key Points:
i.According to the World Atlas of Desertification (WAD), 75% of soils have already degraded, affecting 3.2 billion people.
ii.It is predicted that 90% of the planet’s land surface could be degraded by 2050 if the current scenario continues, which highlights a major threat to global biodiversity and human life.
iii.In India, 32% of land is degraded, with 25% undergoing desertification due to various factors which includes deforestation and industrial pollution.
Note : The Global Soils Conference 2024 to be organized by the Indian Society of Soil Science(ISSS) on November 19-22, 2024 at NASC Complex, New Delhi(Delhi) in collaboration with International Union of Soil Sciences(IUSS). The main objective of the conference is ‘Caring soils beyond food security: Climate Change mitigation and Ecosystem Services”.
About United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):
Director – General (DG) – Audrey Azoulay
Headquarters – Paris, France
Established – 1945 (Came into force on 1946)
Member States – 194(as of July 2024)
Ibiza Wall Lizard Reclassified as Endangered on the IUCN Red List
The Ibiza wall lizard (Podarcis pityusensis) has transitioned to “Endangered” from “Near Threatened” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species due to 50% population decline since 2010.
- The population decline is attributed to the invasive horseshoe whip snake (Hemorrhois hippocrepis) in its territory.
Points to Note:
i.The Ibiza wall lizard is native to the islands of Ibiza and Formentera in the Balearic Islands and the neighbouring rocky islets in Spain.
ii.It is largely found in vegetated areas, including cultivated land and gardens near human habitation, and also occurs in rocky areas, especially along the coast ranging from sea level up to 475 meters above sea level.
Decline of Other Reptiles:
i.According to the IUCN Red List, the reptiles on the Canary Islands have transitioned as follows:
- The Gran Canaria giant lizard (Gallotia stehlini) has shifted to Critically Endangered from Least Concern.
- The Gran Canaria skink (Chalcides sexlineatus) has moved to Endangered from Least Concern.
ii.These endemic reptile species have seen populations decline by over 50% since 2014 and the invasive California kingsnake (Lampropeltis californiae), introduced in 1998, preys on these endemic animals.
iii.The La Gomera giant lizard (Gallotia bravoana) has improved from Critically Endangered to Endangered in the Canary Islands.
Threats to Ornamental Cacti:
i.According to the IUCN, 82% of Ornamental Cact (Copiapoa Cacti, endemic to Chile’s Atacama coastal desert) are critically endangered due to illegal trade, up from 55% in 2013.
ii.Illegal trade, driven by demand for ornamental cacti in Europe and Asia, is a major threat.
iii.Oceanic fog changes threaten the hydration necessary for these slow-growing plants to reproduce.
iv.Poached Copiapoa can be distinguished from greenhouse-grown plants by their grey tone and protective dusty bloom, while greenhouse-grown cacti, in contrast, are greener.
Note: Cultivating Copiapoa in greenhouses has the potential to provide a sustainable alternative to supply cacti to the worldwide market.
Muthoot Finance Selected for FATF Mutual Evaluation Report 2023-24
Muthoot Finance is the only Indian Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) selected for the Financial Action Task Force’s (FATF) Mutual Evaluation Report (MER) for year 2023-24.
- Muthoot Finance was the only representive of India’s NBFC segment at the FATF’s onsite evaluation held in New Delhi, Delhi in November 2023.
About Mutual Evaluation Report (MER):
i.The mutual evaluation report is an assessment of a country’s measures to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.
ii.It is conducted by FATF and provides in-depth analysis and description of a country’s anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing system and also provides key recommendations to further strengthen its system.
iii.The evaluation is conducted based on various parameters such as: actions taken by Indian law enforcement agencies, leading industry bodies, and institutions like: banks, NBFCs, among others to combat money laundering, terrorism financing and proliferation financing.
Additional info:
The MER of India was adopted during the 6th and final Plenary session of the FATF under the Presidency of T. Raja Kumar, was held in Singapore from 26th June to 28th June, 2024.
Click here to know more about FATF Plenary held in June 2024
About Financial Task Force (FATF):
It is an intergovernmental organisation established in 1989 and act as an international watchdog to combat ML, TF and other related threats to maintain the integrity of the international financial system. India became its member in 2010.
President– Elisa de Anda Madrazo (Mexico)
Member nations- 39
Headquarters- Paris, France
About Muthoot Finance:
Managing Director- George Alexander Muthoot
Headquarter- Kochi, Kerala
BANKING & FINANCE
RBI’s Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) Increases to 64.2 in FY24
On 9th July 2024, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released its Financial Inclusion Index (FI-Index) which increased to 64.2 in FY24 (in March 2024) from 60.1 in FY23 (in March 2023).
- FI-Index captures the extent of financial inclusion across the country.
- The improvement in FI-Index is mainly driven by the ‘Usage’ parameter which reflects the deepening of financial inclusion across the country.
- Also, it witnessed growth across all sub-indices or parameters of the index.
Financial Inclusion:
It is the process of ensuring access to financial services and timely and adequate credit where needed by vulnerable groups such as weaker sections and low-income groups at an affordable cost.
Background:
i.RBI published the 1st FI-Index in August 2021 for the fiscal year ending in March 2021.
ii.The FI-Index for the FY21 (period ending in March 2021) was 53.9 as against 43.4 for FY17.
iii.The FI-Index is published annually in the month of July, for the Financial Year (FY)ending in March.
About FI – Index:
i.It is a comprehensive index which contains details of banking, investments, insurance, postal and the pension sector in consultation with the government and respective sector-wise regulators. It has no base year.
ii.It captures information on various factors of financial inclusion in a single value which ranges from 0 to 100.
- The value 0 represents complete financial exclusion and 100 means full financial inclusion.
iii.The index comprises 3 main parameters with variant weightage: Access (35%), Usage (45%), and Quality (20%).
- Each of these parameters consists of various dimensions, which are computed based on a number of indicators.
iv.The index will contain information regarding the ease of access, availability and usage of services, and quality of services in all 97 indicators.
v.The index reflects the combined efforts of stakeholders over the years towards financial inclusion.
About Reserve Bank of India(RBI):
Governor– Shaktikanta Das(25th Governor of RBI)
Headquarter– Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established- 1 April, 1935
BNP Paribas & Mistral AI signed a Agreement Covering all Mistral AI Models
BNP Paribas, the European Union(EU)’s leading bank , has signed a multi-year partnership agreement with Mistral AI, a Paris(France) based Artificial Intelligence (AI) startup, to provide access to all current and future commercial models of Mistral AI across all the business lines of BNP Paribas.
- The partnership is expanding upon their initial collaboration which began in September 2023.
- Under this partnership, BNP Paribas will implement Mistral AI’s Large Language Models(LLM) across business areas like customer support, sales and Information Technology (IT).
Note: BNP Paribas, headquartered in Paris, France, is a multinational universal bank and financial services holding company.
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
16th Finance Commission Constitutes 5-Member Advisory Council; Poonam Gupta named as its Convenor
On July 9, 2024, the 16th Finance Commission (FC) headed by Arvind Panagariya established an advisory council comprising five eminent members. This council is tasked with advising the Commission on various Terms of Reference (ToR) and related subjects, enhancing its understanding and broadening its scope.
- The Director General(DG)of the National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), Dr. Poonam Gupta appointed as the convenor of the Advisory Council.
Other Members:
The other 4 members of the council are:
- D.K. Srivastava- Chief Policy Advisor at Ernst and Young(EY), London, the United Kingdom(UK).
- Neelkanth Mishra– Chief Economist at Axis Bank, Mumbai(Maharashtra).
- Pranjul Bhandari– Chief India Economist at HSBC Securities & Capital MarketsIIndia) Private Limited, Mumbai(Maharashtra) and
- Rahul Bajoria– Managing Director and Head of Emerging Markets (EM) Asia (ex-China) Economics at Barclays, the UK.
Role of the Advisory Council:
The advisory council is responsible for:
- Assisting the Commission in preparing papers and research studies.
- Monitoring and assessing studies commissioned by the FC.
- Enhancing the Commission’s understanding of the ToR issues.
- Seeking national and international best practices on fiscal devolution.
- Improving the quality, reach, and enforcement of the Commission’s recommendations.
- Advising on the distribution of tax proceeds, principles governing grants-in-aid of state revenues, and measures to augment state funds to support panchayats and municipalities. Currently, India shares 41% of federal taxes with states as recommended by the 15th panel, which was headed by Nand Kishore Singh.
About Finance Commission(FC):
The Finance Commission(FC) is constituted by the President of India under Article 280 of the Constitution.The 1st FC was appointed in 1951, for the period 1952-57 by the President of India, and was chaired by K. C. Niyogi.
- The 16th Finance Commission(FC) was constituted on 31.12.2023 with Arvind Panagariya, former Vice-Chairman, NITI Aayog as and Ritvik Ranjanam Pandey as the secretary. The commission has 3 full time members and 1 part time member.
- The Commission has been requested to make its recommendations available by October, 31, 2025, covering an award period of 5 years commencing 1 st April, 2026.
ACC approves appointment of 8 ERs at Public Sector General Insurance Companies
The Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) headed by Prime Minister(PM) Narendra Modi, has approved the appointment of 8 Executive Directors (EDs) in various Public Sector General Insurance Companies (PSGICs), to bolster leadership within these institutions.
- This decision aligns with the Union Government’s ongoing efforts to enhance the efficiency and performance of Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) in the insurance sector.
- The appointed executives have tenures ranging from less than a year to four years.
New Appointments:
i.United India Insurance Company Limited (UIICL):
- Sunita Gupta, currently serving as General Manager (GM) at Oriental Insurance Company Ltd (OICL), has been appointed as Executive Director (ED) at UIICL.
ii.National Insurance Company Limited (NICL):
- T. Babu Paul, who is presently GM at National Insurance Company Ltd (NICL), will now take on the role of ED.
- Prasad C.G., currently GM at New India Assurance Company Ltd (NIACL), has been appointed as ED at NICL.
iii.Oriental Insurance Company Limited (OICL)
- Rashmi Bajpai, currently GM at OICL, has been promoted to the position of ED, OICL.
- Amit Mishra, currently GM at NIACL, has been named ED at OICL.
iv.General Insurance Corporation of India (GIC Re)
- Hitesh Ramesh Chandra Joshi, currently GM at GIC Re, has been promoted to ED in the same company.
- Radhika C.S., currently GM at UIICL, has been appointed as ED at GIC Re.
v.Agriculture Insurance Company of India Limited (AIC)
- Dasarathi Singh, who is presently GM at AIC, has been elevated to the role of ED in the same company.
Former WHO Chief Scientist Soumya Swaminathan Appointed as Principal Advisor for NTEP
Professor (Dr.) Soumya Swaminathan, the former World Health Organisation (WHO)’s Chief Scientist has been appointed as the Principal Advisor at the Union Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) for the National Tuberculosis Elimination Programme (NTEP). Her appointment is on a pro bono basis.
i.As a Principal Advisor, she will provide technical advice on the overall strategy for achieving program goals, suggest policy directions and necessary course corrections for optimal results, and advise on research strategy.
ii.She will also assist in the formation of expert groups with top talent globally and support MoHFW, state officials, and development partners in assessing the impact of the programme.
iii.Previously, She has served as the Director General (DG) of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), New Delhi(Delhi) from 2015 to 2017.
ENVIRONMENT
‘Uropeltis caudomaculata’: New Shield-Tail Snake Species Discovered In Western Ghats
A team of researchers from Tamil Nadu (TN), Kerala and the United Kingdom (UK) have discovered a new species of a shield-tail snake ‘Uropeltis caudomaculata’ in the Meghamalai-Munnar hill region of the Western Ghats. The discovery was published in the international journal Zootaxa, New Zealand-based Magnolia Press.
i.It was named in reference to the yellow spot that it has on each side of the base of its tail rather than a stripe as occurs in similar species like Uropeltis pulneyensis.
ii.The species was originally classified as Uropeltis pulneyensis due to the similar features of both, then the researchers discovered significant genetic and morphological variations when they tested specimens of Uropeltis caudomaculata in the laboratory.
iii.Shield-tail snakes are small, subterranean creatures, typically about the thickness of a finger and growing up to 37 cm in length.
iv.Uropeltis caudomaculata is only found in three localities: Meghamalai Tiger Reserve (TN), Periyar Tiger Reserve and Yellapetty, Munnar (Kerala).
Note: This brings the total number of identified snake species in the world to 410, with 349 species in India and 128 species in Kerala.
SPORTS
Adani Group Announced as Principal Sponsor For Indian Team at 2024 Paris Olympics
Gautam Adani, Chairman of the Adani Group, announced that the Adani Group will be the Principal Sponsor of the Indian Team at the Olympic Games Paris 2024, which will take place in Paris, France from July 26 to August 11, 2024.
- The Adani Group also launched a campaign with the hashtag #DeshkaGeetAtOlympics.
- The campaign centred around the athletes encapsulates the relentless dedication of Indian athletes.
Note: Over 100 Indian sportspersons, including 21 shooters, have qualified for the 2024 Paris Olympic Games.
IMPORTANT DAYS
World Population Day 2024 – July 11
The United Nations (UN) World Population Day is annually observed across the globe on 11 July to focus and raise awareness on the urgency and significance of the global population issues.
- The Day also emphasises the relationship between population dynamics, the environment, and development.
- The 2024 theme of World Population Day is “To Leave No One Behind, Count Everyone“.
- 2024 marks the 30th anniversary of the International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) Programme of Action.
World Population Review’s list of Largest Cities by Population 2024:
According to World Population Review’s list of Largest Cities by Population 2024, India’s Delhi is ranked 2nd with a population of 33.8 million and Mumbai (Maharashtra) is ranked 9th with a population of 21.7 million people.
- Tokyo (Japan) tops the list as the largest city in the world in 2024 (including the entire Tokyo metro area), with 37.1 million residents.
About the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA):
It began operating in 1969 as the United Nations Fund for Population Activities. Its name was changed to the United Nations Population Fund in 1987, but the original acronym remains.
Executive Director– Dr. Natalia Kanem
Headquarters– New York, USA
>> Read Full News
1st Ever UN International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica – 11 July 2024
The United Nations (UN) first-ever International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica was observed on 11 July 2024 to honour the memory of over 8,300 boys and men who were massacred in and around Srebrenica in Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1995.
- 11 July 2024 marks the 29th anniversary of the genocide in Srebrenica.
Background:
In May 2024, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/78/282, designating 11 July as the International Day of Reflection and Commemoration of the 1995 Genocide in Srebrenica, to be observed annually.
>> Read Full News
STATE NEWS
Rajasthan Finance Minister Diya Kumari presented State Budget for FY25– An Overview
On July 10, 2024, Diya Kumari, Finance Minister and Deputy Chief Minister (Dy CM) of Rajasthan, presented the Rajasthan State Annual Budget for financial year 2024-25 (FY25) during the State Legislative Assembly Session, in Jaipur, Rajasthan.
- It aims to transform Rajasthan into a USD 350 billion economy as part of the action plan for ‘Developed Rajasthan @ 2047’.
- It should be noted that she presented her Vote on Account (Interim Budget) on 8th February 2024.
i.The budget allocates Rs 100 crore for the development of Jaipur.
ii.A total of Rs 27,660 crore, representing 8.2% of the state’s total budget, is dedicated to the health sector, and launch of Rajasthan Digital Health Mission.
iii.Rs 20,370 crore is designated for 6 projects under the Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), benefiting 5,846 villages.
About Rajasthan:
Chief Minister (CM)– Bhajan Lal Sharma
Governor– Kalraj Mishra
Wildlife Sanctuary – Kaila Devi Sanctuary, Ramgarh Vishdhari Sanctuary
>> Read Full News
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