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We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs December 21 & 22 2025, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2025 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine Held from 17 to 19 December 2025 in New Delhi, DelhiThe 2nd edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global Summit on Traditional Medicine was held from 17 to 19 December 2025 at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Delhi.
Highlights of the 2nd WHO Global Summit on Traditional Medicine 2025:
Inauguration: The event was inaugurated by the Union Minister Jagat Prakash (J.P) Nadda, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), in the presence of Union Minister of State (MoS) Prataprao Jadhav, MoHFW.
Organizers & Theme: The event, organized by WHO and the Ministry of Ayush (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha, and Homeopathy), under Government of India (GOI), was held under the theme titled “Restoring Balance: The Science and Practice of Health and Well-Being”.
High-Level Engagements: The Ministry of Ayush held 16 bilateral meetings with countries, including Brazil, Nepal, Sri Lanka, United Arab Emirates (UAE), Cuba, Ghana, Thailand, Fiji, and others to strengthen international cooperation in Traditional Medicine.
MoU Signed: India and Cuba signed an extension of a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) focused on Ayurvedic cooperation, which includes establishing an AYUSH Chair at a Cuban Medical University and a Panchakarma Centre in Havana, Cuba.
Key Initiatives Launched by PM Modi:
On December 19, 2025, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi launched key initiatives focused on the AYUSH sector and traditional medicine launched My Ayush Integrated Services Portal (MAISP), a central digital platform, integrating information and services related to AYUSH systems, enhancing access for citizens and practitioners.

• Ayush Mark, a quality certification benchmark for quality, safety and authenticity of traditional medicine products and services.
• Unveiled WHO technical report on training in Yoga, aimed at standardizing and strengthening global Yoga education.

About World Health Organization (WHO):
Director General (DG) – Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Headquarters – Geneva, Switzerland
Establishment – 1948
>>Read Full News

UEF, UNSDC Signs MoUs at UEF Trade Summit 2025 Held in Chennai, TN
The United Economic Forum (UEF) signed Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) with United Nations Sustainable Development Council (UNSDC) during the UEF Trade Summit 2025, held from December 12 to 14, 2025, at Chennai Trade Centre in Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN).

Key Details of MoU:
Signatories: The MoUs were signed by Ahmad Buhari, President, UEF; and Dr. Ajmal Dastagir, Chairman (India), Sustainable Development Council (SDC).
Purpose: The MoU aims to advance and implement the 17 United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) across 45 educational institutions associated with UEF, including community-run colleges and schools.
About UEF Trade Summit 2025: The summit, brought together over 4,000 delegates, over 20 industries, and around 80 global speakers, was held under the theme “Unnatha Thamizhagam-4Tn for TN by 2047”, focusing on visionary economic growth and sustainable development for the state and beyond.

• The summit inked nearly 10 strategic MoUs to boost business growth, enhance market access, and strengthen networking.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Quad Partners Successfully Conducted 1st FTX on Sidelines of ‘Operation Christmas Drop’The Quadrilateral Security Dialogue (QUAD) partners including India, the United States of America (USA), Australia and Japan, successfully conducted their 1st Field Training Exercise (FTX) held from December 08 to 12, 2025, on the sidelines of ‘Operation Christmas Drop’ at Andersen Air Force Base (AAFB), Guam (the USA).

• The exercise aimed to enhance shared logistics capacity for quick and effective responses to regional humanitatarian needs.

About FTX:
ILPN: The exercise operationalised coordination under the Indo-Pacific Logistics Network (IPLN), a Quad framework aimed at strengthening logistics interoperability, information sharing, and coordinated logistics support during Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations.
Training Activities: The exercise bolstered the disaster response capacity of QUAD partners through training activities like: boarding a Japan Air Self-Defence Force (JASDF) C-130H transport aircraft.

• It was mainly focused on improving interoperability and coordination capabilities of QUAD partners.

Significance: FTX, along with Tabletop Exercise (TTX) held in April 2025 at the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies (APCSS) in the USA, reaffirmed the QUAD Group’s commitment to strengthening practical cooperation to address regional challenges and to ensuring a free and open Indo-Pacific.
About Operation Christmas Drop: Launched in 1952, Operation Christmas Drop is the world’s longest-running humanitarian airlift mission, conducted by the United States Air Force (USAF). It is carried out annually for about two weeks in December across Pacific island nations, with the primary objective of delivering food, medical supplies, and other essential relief materials to remote and isolated island communities.
About QUAD:
Nature of Group: It is an informal group  of 4 countries that aims to strengthen cooperation, ensure maritime security, economic growth, and regional stability in the Indo-Pacific, countering China’s rising influence in the region.
Background: The QUAD group was originally conceptualised by Japan’s then Prime Minister (PM) Shinzo Abe in 2007. But, the group was formally revived in 2017.
QUAD Leaders’ Summit: The 1st QUAD Leaders’ Summit was held virtually in 2021.

• In 2024, The USA hosted the 4th QUAD Leaders’ Summit held in Wilmington.
• India is the host country for 5th QUAD Leaders’ Summit which is scheduled to be held in 2025.

Brazil Hands Over BRICS Presidency to India for 2026In December 2025, Brazil formally handed over the rotating BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) presidency to India during the 4th BRICS Sherpas Meeting, held  from December 11–12, 2025 in Brasília(Brazil).

• India will officially assume the chairmanship on January 1, 2026.

About BRICS Handover:
Symbolic Handover:  Brazil passed a sustainably crafted wooden gavel, made by the Novo Airão community from Amazonian trees, to India’s sherpa, symbolizing environmental consciousness, shared responsibility, and enduring BRICS cooperation.
Transition & Term: Brazil’s Sherpa, Ambassador Mauricio Lyrio, handed over the gavel to India’s Sherpa, Ambassador Sudhakar Dalela, while Brazil remains the formal chair until 31st December 2025.
Brazil’s 2025 BRICS Presidency Achievements:
Theme: Focused on “Strengthening Global South Co-operation for More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance.”
Key Achievements: Brazil launched health and Artificial Intelligence (AI) partnerships, approved the first Climate Finance Framework, advanced trade and multilateral dialogue with expanded 11-member BRICS, and issued the Rio Declaration with 126 commitments.
India’s 2026 BRICS Presidency Priorities:
2026 Presidency: India’s presidency for 2026 will be structured around a “humanity-first approach” proposed by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi. 4 Pillars: The agenda will rest on four central pillars:

• Resilience: Building capacity to withstand global economic shocks and trade disruptions.
• Innovation: Promoting Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) and equitable access to AI.
• Cooperation: Strengthening intra-bloc trade and political dialogue on global governance reform.
• Sustainability: Focusing on climate action, disaster risk reduction, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).

About BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa):
Formation: BRICS was established as BRIC(Brazil, Russia, India, China) in September 2006 following United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) discussions and was formally institutionalized as an intergovernmental organization in 2009.
Expansion: In September 2010, South Africa joined the group, adding the “S” and renaming it BRICS; later, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, and the UAE joined in 2024, followed by Indonesia in 2025.

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI’s Board Approved Risk-based Deposit Insurance Framework for Banks
In December 2025, the Central Board of Directors (BoD) of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) granted its approval for a risk-based deposit insurance framework for banks, transitioning from the existing premium charged to banks under the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) scheme.

• The decision was taken at the 620th meeting of Central BoD of RBI, chaired by Sanjay Malhotra, Governor of RBI, held in Hyderabad, Telangana.

Key Details
Existing Structure: DIGC, established under the DICGC Act, 1961, has been operating the flat-rate premium-based deposit insurance scheme since 1962 i.e. currently, banks pay a premium of 12 paise for every Rs 100 of assessable deposits.
Key Change: The newly approved framework will replace the existing flat-rate premium followed by the banks with a risk-based structure which will enable banks with stronger capital adequacy, better asset quality to pay lower premia.
Other Key Highlights of Meeting:
Key Attendees: Apart from RBI Governor, the meeting was attended by Deputy Governors of RBI: T. Rabi Sankar, Swaminathan J., Poonam Gupta, Shirish Chandra Murmu.

• Also, others directors of Central Board that included Nagaraju Maddirala, Secretary of Department of Financial Services (DoFS), Ministry of Finance (MoF); Satish K. Marathe; Revathy Iyer; Pankaj Ramanbhai Ptel and Ravindra H. Dholakia.

Other Key Decisions: The CBoDs also reviewed the activities of select Central Office Departments and the draft Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India, 2024-25.

PNB Metlife, PolicyBazaar Launches ‘DigiProtect Term Insurance’ for India’s Salaried Individuals
In December 2025, PNB MetLife India Insurance Company Limited (PNB MetLife), one of the leading insurance companies in India, launched ‘PNB MetLife DigiProtect Term Plan (UIN-117N141V01)’, designed specifically for salaried individuals in India.

• This new offering is an individual non-linked, non-participating, pure term insurance plan, offered through a fully digital platform in partnership with PolicyBazaar.

Key Features:
Comprehensive Life Cover: This insurance plan offers protection for life which includes accelerated benefits in case of terminal illness.
Exit Benefit: Policyholders can exit the DigiProtect Term Plan before maturity and receive a full refund of all premiums paid at no extra cost.
Pause Option: Policyholders can pause premium payments for 12 months after completing 3 years of the policy, available once every 5 years.
Claim Payout: The plan offers an accelerated benefit of Rs.3 lakh, payable within one working day of claim registration after a 3-year waiting period, subject to required documentation.
Payout Options: At the claim stage, nominees will have the option to receive death benefit amount as lump sum, monthly instalments or a combination of lump sum and monthly instalments.
Discount: It offers up to 21% discount on the 1st premium for the 1st year of plan.

HCLTech Partners with Netherlands’ ASN Bank to Modernize IT Operations
In December 2025, HCL Technologies Limited(HCLTech) announced a multi-year strategic partnership with ASN Bank (formerly part of de Volksbank), the Netherlands’ fourth-largest retail bank, to modernize its digital operations and Information Technology (IT) architecture.

HCLTech–ASN Bank Partnership Overview:
Objective: Modernise and standardise ASN Bank’s IT architecture while building a future-ready digital organisation.
Consolidation & Automation: Streamline IT services, reduce vendors, and automate core banking processes.
Scope : Support enterprise applications and IT systems through a scalable distributed delivery model.
Operational Efficiency: Improve processes, enhance customer experience, and reduce the number of existing products.
Impact: Align with ASN Bank’s ‘Simplify and Grow’ strategy and strengthen HCLTech’s presence in the Dutch banking sector.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Indian Team Photonics Odyssey Wins Most Inspirational Award at NASA Space Apps Challenge 2025
In December 2025, an Indian team named Photonics Odyssey, based in Chennai(Tamil Nadu, TN), won the ‘National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA’s) Most Inspirational Award’ at the International Space Apps Challenge 2025 for their innovative satellite internet concept to expand broadband access in remote and underserved regions of India.

• Launched in 2012, this global hackathon drew over 114,000 participants from 167 countries to solve real-world problems using NASA’s open data, with Indian-origin participants among the winners.

About Winning Project by Photonics Odyssey:
Team: Photonics Odyssey comprises Manish D., Deeraj K., Prasanth G., Rajalingam N., Rashi M., and Sakthi R.
Sovereign Satellite Internet: Plans a national satellite broadband network using phased-array antennas for fast, reliable, and scalable connectivity in remote and underserved areas.
Impact: Reduces dependency on ground-based networks, ensures last-mile connectivity, supports education, healthcare, governance, and economic opportunities, and enhances resilience during natural disasters.
Significance: The project promotes India’s Digital India mission and inclusive development, showcasing the nation’s Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) innovation and global impact.

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

IIFL Finance Appointed Former RBI Dy-Governor BP Kanungo as Chairman
In December 2025, IIFL Finance Limited, India’s leading retail-focused diversified Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC), appointed Bibhu Prasad (BP) Kanungo, former Deputy (Dy)-Governor of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as non-executive chairman of the board, with immediate effect.

• Kanungo is currently serving as a non-executive independent director on the board of the company.
• As per IIFL Finance, Kanungo as chairman will lead the board in framing strategic policies, improving governance standards, and protecting the interests of shareholders.

About BP Kanungo:
Experience: He has an extensive experience of nearly 40 years in central banking, monetary policy and financial regulation.
RBI’s Deputy Governor: Kanungo served as Deputy Governor of RBI from 2017 to 2021 and was also a member of the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC).

ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Protean eGov Technologies Acquires 4.95% Stake in NSDL Payments Bank for Rs.30.2 Crores
In December 2025, Protean electronic (e)Gov Technologies Limited (Protean), formerly NSDL e-Governance Infrastructure Limited, has been approved by its board to acquire 4.95% stake (approximately 93.74 lakh shares) in National Securities Depository Limited (NSDL) Payments Bank(NSDL PB) for Rs.30.2 crores, valued at Rs. 32.2 per share.

• The transaction is expected to be completed within around 60 days through cash consideration via equity subscription.

Key Details of Acquisition:
Purpose: NSDL aims to enhance digital financial infrastructure by leveraging NSDL Payments Bank, a digital-first banking platform, to expand its technology offerings.
Timeline: The acquisition will be executed through a single cash-based equity subscription and is expected to be completed within 60 days of signing the agreement.
About NSDL PB: It is a licensed payments bank focused on financial inclusion and digital payments. It operates under the regulatory framework of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and provides services such as digital savings accounts, transfers, and accounts.

• It began operations in 2018 and is a subsidiary of NSDL.

Shriram Finance SignsPact with Japan’s MUFG Bank to Raise Investment of Rs 39,618 crore
In December 2025, Shriram Finance Limited (SFL), India’s 2nd largest Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFC), announced that it has entered into a definitive agreement with MUFG Bank Limited, Japan’s largest lender and wholly-owned subsidiary of Mitsubishi UFJ Financial Group (MUFG), for an investment of Rs 39,618 crore(USD 4.4 billion).

•  MUFG Bank will invest in SFL through a preferential issuance of equity shares, marking the largest-ever foreign direct investment (FDI) in India’s financial services sector.

Key Details:
Stake Acquisition: Following the investment, MUFG Bank will acquire a 20% stake in Shriram Finance and gain the right to nominate two non-independent directors to its board.

• Upon completion of the deal, MUFG Bank will be designated as a public shareholder of SFL.

Key Changes: Also, after the transaction is completed, the shareholding of key promoters in SFL i.e. Shriram Ownership Trust and Sanlam of South Africa will be diluted from 25.39% to 20.05% on an expanded capital base.
Other Key Shareholders: The remaining shareholders in SFL are: the Government of Singapore (4.73%); Kotak Mahindra Mutual Fund (MF) (2.09%), Fidelity (1.14%) and Monetary Authority of Singapore (1.07%), among others.

SPORTS

India Beats South Africa to Clinch T20I Series 3-1 & ODI Series 2-1On 19th December 2025, the Indian men’s cricket team defeated South Africa by 30 runs in the fifth and final Twenty20 International (T20I) at the Narendra Modi Stadium, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, to clinch the five-match series 3–1.

Highlight of T20I Series 2025:
Result: India posted 231/5 and restricted South Africa to 201/8, winning by 30 runs to clinch the series 3–1.
India Batting: Tilak Varma’s 73 and Hardik Pandya’s rapid 63 off 25 balls (second-fastest T20I fifty by an Indian), supported by Abhishek Sharma and Sanju Samson, powered a commanding total.
Player of the Series: Varun Chakravarthy
Winning Streak: The victory extended India’s dominance to eight consecutive T20I series wins and a 10-match unbeaten run in series/tournament play.
India Defeats South Africa by 9 Wickets to Clinch ODI Series 2-1
On 6 December 2025, India defeated South Africa by nine wickets in the third and final One Day International (ODI) at the Dr. Y.S. Rajasekhara Reddy ACA-VDCA Cricket Stadium, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (AP), to secure the three-match series 2-1.
Highlight of ODI Series 2025:
Series: India won the ODI series against South Africa 2-1, with Virat Kohli scoring centuries in the first two matches, Ruturaj Gaikwad also hitting a century in the second ODI, and India sealing the series with a nine-wicket victory in the third match.
Player of the Series: Virat Kohli
About the International Cricket Council (ICC):
Chairman – Jay Shah
Headquarters – Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Established – 1909

OBITUARY

Legendary Malayalam Cinema Icon Sreenivasan Passed Away
On December 20, 2025, Renowned Malayalam actor, screenwriter, director, and producer Sreenivasan passed away at the age of 69 in Kochi, Kerala. He was born on April 6, 1956, in Pattiyam (Kerala).

• In 1998, he won the National Award for Best film on Other Social Issues.

About Sreenivasan:
Profile: He was a celebrated Indian film actor, screenwriter, director, and producer, who worked predominantly in Indian cinema.
Career: He debuted in the film Manimuzhakkam (1976) and continued to act in over 225 films in his career, spanning five decades. He directed movies, including Vadakkunokkiyanthram (1989).

• He also worked as Script Writer in movies, including Udayananu Tharam (2005) and Njan Prakashan (2018).

Awards:  He won the Filmfare Awards South (Malayalam) as director for Chinthavishtayaya Shyamala (1998) and later for Katha Parayumpol (2007) as Best Film.

• In 2024, he won the Tapasya Madampu Smriti Award for contributions to Malayalam film literature.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

‘Salman Khan: The Sultan of Bollywood’ Biography by Mohar Basu Released
On December 20, 2025, HarperCollins India released the biography ‘Salman Khan: The Sultan of Bollywood’, written by award-winning journalist Mohar Basu, ahead of 60th birthday of actor Salman Khan.

About ‘Salman Khan: The Sultan of Bollywood’:
Overview: Covers Salman Khan’s three-decade career, tracing his journey from debut to iconic roles in Prem, Bajrangi, and Tiger, and showcasing his versatility across romance, comedy, and action films.
Persona & Insights: The book celebrates Salman Khan’s status as a ‘mass’ hero and his enduring stardom, featuring rare photographs, fan stories, and perspectives from long-time collaborators.
About Author: Mohar Basu, award-winning entertainment journalist and Chief Correspondent (Entertainment) at Midday, also authored Shah Rukh Khan (2024, HarperCollins)  and was featured in the Indian Achievers Club ‘40 under 40’ list.

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Human Solidarity Day 2025 – December 20The United Nations (UN’s) International Human Solidarity Day is annually observed across the globe on 20th December to raise awareness about the importance of solidarity in tackling challenges such as poverty, inequality, and injustice.

• 20th December 2025 marks the 20th observance of International Human Solidarity Day.
• 2025 Theme: “Solidarity for Sustainable Development: Uniting Communities for a Shared Future”

Background:
Declaration: The UN Millennium Declaration, adopted by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) on 8 September 2000 following the Millennium Summit, recognized solidarity as a fundamental value of international relations in the 21st century.
Resolution: On 22 December 2005, the UNGA adopted Resolution A/RES/60/209 proclaiming 20 December as International Human Solidarity Day.
First Observance: International Human Solidarity Day was observed for the first time on 20 December 2006.
Global Agenda: In 2015, the UNs adopted the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) through Resolution A/RES/70/1.
>>Read Full News

Raising Day of SSB 2025 – December 20
The 62nd Raising Day of the Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) was observed across India on December 20, 2025. The day honours the contributions of SSB personnel in safeguarding India’s borders and maintaining internal security.

About SSB
Background: SSB was raised in 1963 in the aftermath of the India–China conflict of 1962, which highlighted the need for a dedicated force to strengthen border management and ensure security in sensitive frontier regions.
Administered by: It is one of India’s 7 Central Armed Police Force (CAPFs) which works under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
Key Responsibility: SSB is primarily responsible for protecting 2,450 kilometer (km)-long Indian borders with Nepal and Bhutan.

• In addition to that, it is tasked to perform internal security duties like: conducting anti-smuggling operations, and responding to disasters.

2025 Event: 
Celebration: On December 20 2025, SSB celebrated its 62nd Raising Day at its Central Training Centre (CTC) in Kangra district, Himachal Pradesh (HP).
Chief Guest: Union Minister Amit Shah, MHA attended the event as the Chief Guest.

• The event also saw the participation of senior officers from SSB, personnel and other key dignitaries.

Previous Year Celebration: In 2024, SSB celebrated its 61st Raising Day in Siliguri, West Bengal (WB).

STATE NEWS

Bihar Cabinet Approves ‘Saat Nishchay-3’ Programme for 2025-2030
In December 2025, the Bihar Cabinet, chaired by Chief Minister (CM) Nitish Kumar, approved the ‘Saat Nishchay-3‘, Seven Resolves-3.0 programme  for 2025–2030, to advance development with justice and move Bihar towards developed-state status.

• The first two phases: Saat Nishchay-1 (2015-20) and Saat Nishchay-2 (2020-25) focused on infrastructure development, youth empowerment, women’s welfare, and strengthening public service delivery.

About Saat Nishchay-3 :
Seven Pillars: Double Employment, Double Income; Prosperous Industry, Empowered Bihar; Progress in Agriculture, Prosperity of the State; Advanced Education, Bright Future; Accessible Health, Secure Life; Strong Foundation, Modern Expansion; and Respect for All, Easy Life.
Targets: Create job opportunities for one crore (10 million) youth over five years. A separate Department of Youth, Employment and Skill Development has been constituted.

• Set a target to secure Rs 50 lakh crore (Rs 50 trillion) in private investment.

Initiatives: Prioritize 94 lakh (9.4 million) poor families identified in the 2023 caste-based survey for employment schemes.

• Continue Mukhyamantri Mahila Rozgar Yojana (MMRY), providing Rs 10,000 for self-employment, with potential further assistance up to Rs 2 lakh.
• Expedite the 4th Agriculture Roadmap (2024-29) and prepare a dedicated Makhana Roadmap.

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