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With doctors prescribing unnecessary vaccines to children and making hefty profits on this making news, it has been alleged that the Indian Academy of Pediatrics is being (1) by the vaccine industry to promote vaccines in an unethical manner.
Doctors and professional bodies have instead raised concerns that such ‘untrue’ stories make communities lose confidence in immunisation programmes, threatening the (2) of vaccine (3) diseases. A better understanding of decisions regarding use of vaccines is required at community, media and policymakers’ levels so that blame, if any, is laid at the right quarters.
Recommendations for vaccine use can be in the following categories: government includes it in its national programme and provides it free of cost; government recommends it but does not provide it; government does not recommend it but doctors are free to make their decisions; and finally the recommendation that the vaccine is not to be given. In the last case, usually licences are not given for sale in the country.
Every decision in life is in effect a cost-benefit decision. So we compare the cost of being (4) to its benefit. Cost of vaccine includes not just the cost of the dose but also the cost of (5) the vaccine, including the costs of the cold chain and injections. Benefit is seen in terms of disease (6) . Major considerations here are risk and (7) of the disease being prevented and the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing it. The fact that benefits occur in an unseen, (8) future complicates this equation. While communities usually have some idea of the (9) of the disease, the (10) of risk is quite variable and is often shown as higher than real to promote vaccine use.
- 1) feature
2) frame
3) influenced
4) impotence
5) inferiorityAnswer – 3)
Explanation: influenced – have an influence on. - 1) outbreak
2) incapacity
3) figure
4) conjure up
5) conceptualizeAnswer – 1)
Explanation: outbreak – a sudden occurrence of something unwelcome, such as war or disease. - 1) collaboration
2) compensation
3) preventable
4) depict5) fantasizeAnswer – 3)
Explanation: preventable – able to be prevented or avoided. - 1) reinforcement
2) backing
3) cooperation
4) immunised
5) nurtureAnswer – 4)
Explanation: immunised – make (a person or animal) immune to infection, typically by inoculation. - 1) envision
2) perceive
3) adopt
4) delivering
5) auscultAnswer – 4)
Explanation: delivering – bring and hand over (a letter, parcel, or goods) to the proper recipient or address. - 1) eavesdrop
2) auscultate
3) ambiversive
4) averted
5) inventAnswer – 4)
Explanation: averted – turn away (one’s eyes or thoughts). - 1) accommodate
2) oblige
3) consideration
4) esteem5) severityAnswer – 5)
Explanation: severity – the fact or condition of being severe. - 1) indulge2) harbor
3) gratify
4) distant
5) spareAnswer – 4)
Explanation: distant – far away in space or time. - 1) abet
2) adjacent
3) fabricate
4) fantasy5) severityAnswer – 5)
Explanation: severity – the fact or condition of being severe. - 1) perception
2) ineptness
3) obtuseness
4) denseness
5) envisageAnswer – 1)
Explanation: perception – the ability to see, hear, or become aware of something through the senses.
