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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
NITI Aayog Released Report on “Pathways and Strategies for Accelerating Growth in Edible Oil Towards the Goal of Atmanirbharta”
On 29th August 2024, Suman Bery, Vice-Chairperson, National Institution for Transforming India (NITI Aayog) released report titled “Pathways and Strategies for Accelerating Growth in Edible Oil Towards the Goal of Atmanirbharta”. The report was presented by Dr. Neelam Patel, Senior Advisor (Agriculture), NITI Aayog.
- Overall, the strategic interventions proposed by the report can help to achieve the projected edible oil supplies of 36.2 million tonnes (MT) and 70.2 MT by 2030 and 2047 respectively.
Key Points:
i.The report projected that by strategically retaining and diversifying oilseed crops and focusing on areas potentially lost to cereal cultivation will increase the country’s edible oil production by 20% in 9 states, with additional oil production of 7.36 MT and reduction in import dependence by 2.1MT.
ii.The report suggested that by utilizing 1/3rd (33%) rice fallow area in 10 states for oilseed cultivation can increase the oilseed production by 3.12 MT and reduce import by 1.03 MT.
About NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India):
Chairperson- Narendra Modi (Prime Minister of India)
Vice-Chairperson- Suman Bery
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Established- 2015
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SJVN, NHPC, RailTel and Solar Energy Corporation of India get ‘Navratna’ Status
Department of Public Enterprises, Ministry of Finance, Government of India has granted “Navratna status” to four Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) viz. Railtel Corporation of India (RCIL), Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI) Limited, National Hydroelectric Power Corporation (NHPC), and Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Ltd. (SJVN).
- With this, the number of Navratna CPSEs has increased to 25 from 21.
Key Points:
i.New Delhi, Delhi based RCIL, a ‘mini ratna’ PSU under the Ministry of Railways, has been upgraded as the 22nd Navratna CPSE.
- For Financial Year 2024 (FY24), RCIL reported a turnover of Rs 2,622 crore and a net profit of Rs 246 crore.
ii.New Delhi based SECI Ltd, a miniratna Category-I CPSE under the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has been upgraded as the 23rd Navratna CPSE.
- SECI achieved a turnover of Rs 13,035 crore and a net profit of Rs 436 crore for FY24.
iii.Faridabad, Haryana based NHPC, a mini ratna Category-I CPSE under the Ministry of Power has been upgraded as the 24th Navratna CPSE.
- NHPC has recorded a turnover of Rs 8,405 crore and a net profit of Rs 3,744 crore in FY24.
iv.Shimla, Himachal Pradesh (HP) based SJVN , a mini ratna, Category-I and Schedule ‘A’ CPSE under the Ministry of Power, has been upgraded as the 25th Navratna CPSE.
- SJVN is a joint venture between the Government of India (GOI) and the Government of Himachal Pradesh (GOHP).
- SJVN reported a turnover of Rs 2,833 crore and a net profit of Rs 908 crore for FY24.
About Navratna scheme:
The Navratna scheme was introduced in 1997. CPSEs eligible for Navratna status must be Miniratna I, Schedule ‘A’, have an ‘excellent’ or ‘very good’ Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) rating for three of the last five years, and a Composite Score of 60 or above across six performance parameters.
- Net Profit to Net worth
- Manpower Cost to total Cost of Production or Cost of Services
- Profit Before Depreciation, Interest and Tax (PBDIT) to Capital Employed
- Profit Before Interest and Tax (PBIT) to Turnover
- Earning Per Share
- Inter-Sectoral Performance.
List of 25 Navratna CPSEs as of August 31, 2024
- Bharat Electronics Limited (BEL)
- Container Corporation of India Limited (CONCOR)
- Engineers India Limited (EIL)
- Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL)
- Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL)
- National Aluminium Company Limited (NALCO)
- National Buildings Construction Corporation Limited (NBCC)
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Limited (NLC)
- NMDC Limited (NMDC)
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited (RINL)
- Shipping Corporation of India Limited (SCI)
- Rail Vikas Nigam Limited (RVNL)
- ONGC Videsh Ltd (OVL)
- Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers Limited (RCF)
- IRCON International (IRCON)
- RITES (Rail India Technical and Economic Service)
- National Fertilizers Limited (NFL)
- Central Warehousing Corporation (CWC)
- Housing & Urban Development Corporation Limited (HUDCO)
- Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Limited (IREDA)
- Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL)
- RCIL
- SECI
- NHPC
- SJVN
MSDE Signed MoU with Visa To Upskill 20,000 Youths For Tourism Industry
The Tourism and Hospitality Skill Council (THSC) under the aegis of the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Visa Inc. to upskill at least 20,000 Indian youths in tourism-relevant skills.
- It is a three-year partnership worth up to USD 1 million.
Key Points:
i.This partnership builds upon Visa’s ongoing collaboration with the Ministry of Tourism (MoT) and aims to train young people in ten states which includes Assam, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh (HP), and West Bengal (WB) in order to improve the tourism service experience for tourists.
ii.It will focus on key positions in the domestic tourism sector, including tour guides, customer service executives, naturalists, and tandem paragliding pilots.
iii.This partnership with Visa provides youth with the skills needed to thrive in the tourism sector and make India a major global tourism destination.
Note: The tourism sector is a significant contributor to India’s economy, accounting for over USD 231 billion in Gross Domestic Product (GDP)and employing more than 42 million people in 2023.
About the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE):
Minister of State (MoS) (Independent Charge, IC) – Jayant Chaudhary (Rajya Sabha, Uttar Pradesh, UP)
About Visa Inc.:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Ryan McInerney
Headquarters – San Francisco, California, United States of America (USA)
Established – 1958
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
India Signed MoU with Saudi Arabia To Enhance Bilateral Cooperation in Public Sector
The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) has signed Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the General Court of Audit, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (Saudi Arabia) to enhance bilateral cooperation and exchange expertise in the filed of public sector auditing.
Signatories: The MoU was signed by Girish Chandra Murmu, the CAG of India and Hussam Al-Angari, President of the Saudi General Court of Audit during a bilateral meeting in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Suhel Khan, India’s ambassador to Saudi Arabia, also attended the signing event.
About MoU:
i.The key areas of cooperation include joint training programs for financial, performance, and compliance audits, as well as the exchange of audit manuals and methodology.
ii.The cooperation between the two Audit Institutions will boost their capacity development initiatives and also encourage the exchange of expertise and information.
iii.It is expected to further strengthen the working relationship between the CAG and the Saudi General Court of Audit.
About the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG):
The CAG of India is a supreme audit institution of India, established by Article 148 of the Constitution of India. CAG is appointed by the President of India.
CAG – Girish Chandra Murmu
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Established – 1858
About Saudi Arabia:
Prime Minister (PM) – Mohammed bin Salman Al Saud
Capital – Riyadh
Currency – Saudi Riyal
BANKING & FINANCE
RBI introduces Scheme for Trading and Settlement of Sovereign Green Bonds in IFSC
On August 29, 2024, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) launched a “Scheme for Trading and Settlement of Sovereign Green Bonds (SGrBs) in International Financial Services Centre (IFSC) in India” in exercise of its powers conferred under Section 45W of the RBI Act, 1934 read with Section 45U of the Act and of all the powers enabling it in this behalf.
- The scheme aims to facilitate investments in SGrBs issued by the Government of India (GoI) to eligible foreign investors in the IFSC.
- The operational guidelines for entities within the IFSC will be provided by the International Financial Services Centres Authority (IFSCA).
Note: SGrBs were first issued in January 2023 as part of the government’s initiative to promote sustainable finance and environmental projects.
Key Points:
i.Persons resident outside India as defined in Section 2(w) of the Foreign Exchange Management Act (FEMA), 1999, that are eligible to invest in the IFSC.
- Investors can participate in RBI’s primary auctions of SGrBs and engage in secondary market transactions within the IFSC.
ii.Participants must comply with the Government Securities Act, 2006, the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999, and related RBI regulations.
iii.Investors are prohibited from repackaging or writing derivatives on the securities and cannot undertake repo transactions with them.
iv.Investors eligible for the domestic market cannot transfer securities between onshore and IFSC demat accounts.
v.IBUs (IFSC Banking Units: banking units set up in the IFSC) are restricted from participating in primary auctions but can engage in secondary market trades with investors.
- IBUs can trade with investors under a back-to-back arrangement, ensuring no overnight open securities positions.
- Transactions between IBUs and their parent banks or branches/subsidiaries in India must be completed on the same day.
vi.Any open positions due to settlement failures must be closed out on a T+0 basis (same-day transaction settlement) by reversing trades with the parent bank or its branch/subsidiary in India
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About Reserve Bank of India (RBI):
Governor – Shaktikanta Das
Deputy Governors – Swaminathan Janakiraman, Michael Debabrata Patra, M. Rajeshwar Rao, T. Rabi Sankar
Establishment– 1st April 1935
Headquarters– Mumbai, Maharashtra
HDFC Bank announces GIGA, Financial Product for India’s Gig Workers; Launches DigiPassBook
HDFC Bank Limited has introduced GIGA, a comprehensive financial suite tailored for gig workers and freelancers in India. This program addresses the unique financial needs of the rapidly expanding gig economy, which includes a wide range of workers from various sectors.
About GIGA:
GIGA offers a specialised savings account, current account, debit and credit cards, flexible investment products, health insurance, and custom retail asset products.
i.Flexible Savings Account: Gig workers can maintain a quarterly balance (Rs 10,000 in metro/urban areas and Rs 5,000 in semi-urban/rural areas) and access options like Systematic Investment Plans(SIPs), Fixed Deposits (FDs) , and Recurring Deposits(RDs). The GIGA Business Debit Card provides accelerated cashback and personal accidental death cover up to Rs 10 lakh.
ii.GIGA Business Credit Card: Offers a 55-day interest-free credit period, accelerated rewards, and curated offers for co-working spaces, upskilling, health & wellness, and gig platform memberships.
iii.Health Insurance: HDFC Ergo provides health insurance for gig workers and their families, with premiums starting at Rs 20 per day.
iv.Retail Asset Products: Includes collateral-free business loans, car loans financing up to 100% of on-road value, two-wheeler loans, and gold loans with quick disbursement.
v.Flexible Investment Options: Through HDFC Asset Management Company Limited (HDFC AMC) freelancers can use a flexible investment scheduler to invest as per their available funds.
vi.SmartHub Vyapaar Solution: This digital payment solution offers a full range of payment modes with instant onboarding, catering to freelancers’ payment management needs.
vii.Partnerships: Collaborations with Razorpay and Payoneer enable freelancers to collect payments from domestic and international clients in 11 currencies across 190+ countries.
Note: The gig economy in India employs an estimated 30-50 million workers, spanning white-collar professionals, grey-collar specialists, and blue/pink-collar workers like delivery personnel and caregivers.
HDFC Bank launches DigiPassBook to Consolidate Investments under One Roof
HDFC Bank Limited has launched DigiPassBook on its SmartWealth Application(App), allowing users to consolidate and manage all equity investments, Exchange-Traded Fund (ETFs), and demat accounts in one place.
i.Account Aggregator: Supported by RBI-regulated framework, it securely consolidates financial assets from various institutions with user consent.
ii.Unified View: Provides a comprehensive view of investments, transactions, and bank account balances.
Paytm Receives MoF Approval For Downstream Investment into PPSL
Noida (Uttar Pradesh, UP) based Paytm, owned by One97 Communications Limited (OCL) has received the approval from Department of Financial Services(DFS), Ministry of Finance (MoF) for the downstream investment into its payment services arm Paytm Payment Services Limited (PPSL).
- Following this approval, PPSL will resubmit application for its Payment Aggregator (PA) licence. It will also continue to provide online payment aggregation services to its existing partners.
Note: Downstream investment means an Indian company has got some Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), investing in another Indian company’s equity instrument or capital.
i.In 2020, PPSL approached the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) to obtain a PA licence.
ii.In 2022, the RBI asked it to resubmit the application to comply with the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) regulations.
Note: RBI introduced the PA framework in March 2020. As per the PA framework, payment gateways must get an aggregator licence for acquiring merchants and delivering digital payment acceptance solutions.
ECONOMY & BUSINESS
Moody’s Ratings Raised India’s GDP Growth Forecast to 7.2% for CY 2024
On 29th August 2024, Global Rating Agency, Moody’s Ratings announced that it has raised India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth forecast to 7.2% for Calendar Year (CY) 2024 from its previous estimate of 6.8% and to 6.6% for CY25, against its previous estimates of 6.5%. This estimation was part of their August update for the ‘Global Macro Outlook for 2024-25’.
- It has cited these projections reflect strong, broad-based growth, which is mainly attributed by resilient private consumption and improved business conditions.
i.According to Moody’s Ratings, the Indian economy showed a Year-over-Year (Y-o-Y) growth of 7.8% in the 1st Quarter (Q1:April-June) of 2024, despite the challenges posed by strict monetary policies and ongoing efforts towards fiscal consolidation.
ii.Moody’s projected that global growth is likely to decrease to 2.7% in 2024 and 2.5% in 2025, from 3.0% in 2023, though trends may vary from country to country.
iii.Moody’s has lowered India’s Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation in 2024 by 20 basis points (bps) from 5.2% to 5.0%.
About Moody’s Ratings:
President- Michael West
Headquarters- New York, the United States of America (USA)
Founded – 1909
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GRSE & NHIDCL Signed MoU for Supply of Double-Lane Modular Bridges
The Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers Limited (GRSE) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the National Highway Infrastructure Development Corporation Limited (NHIDCL) for the fabrication, supply, and launching of Double-Lane (DL) Class 70 Modular Steel and Bailey bridges.
The MoU was signed between Dr. Krishan Kumar, Managing Director (MD), NHIDCL; and Commodore PR Hari, Chairman and Managing Director (CMD), GRSE.
- GRSE will construct and deliver Class 70R Double-Lane Bridges. This will enhance connectivity in critical forward areas along India’s borders, facilitating troop and equipment deployment.
- GRSE’s Double-Lane Steel Bridge is described as the only indigenous solution of its kind, aligning with India’s Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan (Self-Reliant India Campaign).
- GRSE has previously supplied 44 similar bridges pan-India, under an MoU with the Border Roads Organization (BRO).
Note: Kolkata (West Bengal)-based GRSE is a premier Warship building Company in India, under the Ministry of Defence (MoD). New Delhi (Delhi)-based NHIDCL is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways (MoRTH).
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
SEBI Approves Re-Appointment of Nehal Vora as MD&CEO of CDSL
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has approved the re-appointment of Nehal Vora as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (MD & CEO) of the Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL).
- He was appointed as MD & CEO of CDSL in September 2019 for a five- year term till September 17, 2024.
About Nehal Vora:
i.Nehal Vora started his career with SEBI in 1996. He then joined DSP Merrill Lynch Limited as the Director, Law and Compliance.
ii.He is a Board member of Indian Clearing Corporation Limited(ICCL) and of CDSL.
iii.He has also served as the Chief Regulatory Officer (CRO) and the member of the Executive Leadership Team of BSE Limited (formerly known as the Bombay Stock Exchange).
iv.He also served as the Chair of the Cyber Resilience Taskforce of the Affiliate Members Consultative Committee (AMCC) of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO).
About the Central Depository Services (India) Limited (CDSL):
Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (MD & CEO) – Nehal Vora
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established – 1999
IPS officer Rajwinder Singh Bhatti Appointed as DG of CISF
On 28th August 2024, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) has approved the appointment of Rajwinder Singh Bhatti, 1990-batch Indian Police Service (IPS) officer of Bihar cadre, as the Director General (DG) of the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) with effect from the date of assumption of charge of the post.
- He will hold the post for a tenure up to the date of his superannuation on September 30, 2025 or until further orders, whichever is earlier.
- He will succeed Anish Dayal Singh, DG of Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), who has been holding additional charge as DG of CISF since August 2024.
About Rajwinder Singh Bhatti:
i.Rajwinder Singh Bhatti is currently serving as the Director General of Police (DGP) of Bihar since December 2022.
ii.He has served in various positions which includes DG of Bihar Special Armed Police (BSAP) (formerly known as BMP), Joint Director of the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI), Additional DG (Eastern Command), Border Security Force (BSF).
Daljit Singh Chaudhary Appointed as DG of BSF
ACC also approved the appointment of Daljit Singh Chaudhary, 1990 batch IPS officer of Uttar Pradesh (UP) cadre, as the DG of the Border Security Force (BSF) with effect from the date of assumption of charge of the post.
- He will hold the post for a tenure up to the date of his superannuation on until 30th November 2025 or until further orders, whichever is earlier.
- He is currently serving as the DG of Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) since January 2024.
Points to note: Daljit Singh Chaudhary has been serving as the DG (additional charge) of BSF since 3rd August 2024 succeeding Nitin Agarwal, DG of BSF, was repatriated to his parent cadre Kerala.
About Daljit Singh Chaudhary:
i.Daljit Singh Chaudhary has previously served as the Inspector General (IG) and Additional Director General(ADG) of the Indo Tibetan Border Police(ITBP).
ii.He has also served as the Additional DG and Special DG of CRPF.
About the Central Industrial Security Force (CISF):
The CISF is a Central Armed Police Force (CAPF) of India under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA).
Director General (DG) – Rajwinder Singh Bhatti
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Established – 1969
About the Border Security Force (BSF):
The BSF is the Border Service branch of the CAPF of India . It came into existence in 1965.
Director General (DG) – Daljit Singh Chaudhary
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Vice Admiral Rajesh Dhankhar Takes Over as Director General Project Seabird
On August 28 2024, Vice Admiral Rajesh Dhankhar NM took over as Director General (DG) of Project ‘Seabird’, to oversee the largest defence infrastructure project currently progressing at the Karwar Naval Base (Indian Naval Ship – INS Kadamba), Karnataka.
- He takes over the charge from Vice Admiral Tarun Sobti . The change of guard took place at the Headquarters of the Project Seabird in New Delhi(Delhi).
i.Rajesh Dhankhar was commissioned into the Indian Navy (IN) on July 1, 1990, and is a Navigation and Direction specialist.
ii.He was awarded the Nao Sena Medal (NSM) in 2015 for his role in the Non-Combatant Evacuation Operations (NEO) of Indian citizens from Yemen’s Aden and Al-Hodeida.
Note: Project ‘Seabird’ is India’s largest defence infrastructure project, aiming at enhancing naval capabilities at an important base in Karnataka.
ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS
Singapore Airlines Receives FDI Approval from GoI for Vistara-Air India Merger
Singapore Airlines Limited (SIA) has received approval from Government of India(GoI) for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) as part of the proposed merger of Vistara with Air India Limited (AI). Once completed, this merger will create one of the world’s largest airline groups.
- On 12 November 2024, Vistara will officially merge with AI, transitioning its flight code from “UK” to “AI.”
- SIA also secured its approval to become part of the expanded AI entity as a result of the proposed merger.
Note: The merger follows AI’s 2022 privatisation by Tata Group, consolidating 4 airlines into 2, a Full-Service Carrier (FSC) (AI) and a Low-Cost Airline (LCA) (Air India Express (AIE)).
Background:
i.The merger was first announced in November 2022. The deal has received several key approvals, including anti-trust and merger control clearances.
ii.The Competition Commission of India (CCI) approved the deal in September 2023, subject to certain conditions.
iii.Singapore’s competition regulator, the Competition and Consumer Commission of Singapore (CCCS) gave conditional approval in March 2024 and the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT) approved the merger in June 2024.
iv.Both companies secured the Civil Aviation Requirement (CAR) 145 approval from the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) to integrate their aircraft line maintenance operations in August 2024.
- The completion of the merger continues to be subject to compliance by the parties with applicable Indian laws.
Ownership Structure:
i.After the merger, SIA, which held a 49% stake in Vistara, will acquire a 25.1% stake in the merged entity (after a Rs 2,058.5 crore investment), comprising AI, AIE, and Vistara.
- Tata Group will have the remaining 74.9% stake in AI
ii.AI, formerly the National Aviation Company of India Limited (NACIL) is currently, owned by Tata Group.
iii.Vistara is a 51:49 Joint Venture (JV) of Tata Sons Private Limited and SIA and the company is registered as TATA SIA Airlines Limited.
iv.With effect from 12th November 2024, flight bookings of Vistara AI will be moved to the AI’s web portal.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
GSL Launched India’s 1st PCV Samudra Pratap for Indian Coast Guard
Neeta Seth, wife of Sanjay Seth, Minister of State (MoS), Ministry of Defence (MoD), launched the Pollution Control Vessel (PCV) ‘GSL Yard 1267’ named ‘Samudra Pratap’ for the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) in an event held at Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), in Vasco da Gama, Goa.
- This is the 1st indigenously built PCVs, designed and constructed entirely in-house by the GSL to meet the specific needs of the ICG.
Note: GSL is a Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the MoD.
Key People:
The launch event was attended by Inspector General (IG) Bhisham Sharm, Commander, ICG Region (West) in Mumbai (Maharashtra); IG Homesh Kumar Sharma, Deputy Director General (DDG) (Technical), ICG; Brajesh Kumar Upadhyaya, Chairman and Managing Director (CMD), GSL.
Background:
i.GSL signed a Rs 583 crore contract on 22nd June 2021, to build 2 state-of-the-art PCVs for ICG.
ii.This contract marked a significant step in supporting the Government of India’s (GoI) “Atmanirbhar Bharat” (self-reliant India) initiative.
Features of Samudra Pratap:
i.The vessel Samudra Pratap is 114.5 meters (m) long, 16.5 m wide, and displaces 4170 Tonnes (T). The Ship will be manned by 14 Officers and 115 Sailors.
ii.It will be the first-ever Diesel-Electric (DE) PCV with a battery energy storage system designed to reduce the consumption of fossil fuels.
iii.This advanced PCV has an Indigenous content of over 60%. It is designed for oil spill response operations in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) and beyond.
iv.It is equipped with specialised equipment for the containment, recovery, separation, and dispersal of pollutants.
v.It is the 1st indigenously designed and built hybrid Sea Going Vessel (SGV) in India.
OBITUARY
Renowned Lawyer AG Noorani Passed Away
Abdul Ghafoor Majeed Noorani, (popularly known as A. G. Noorani) a renowned Constitutional expert, a distinguished lawyer, and author passed away at the age of 94 in Mumbai, Maharashtra. He was born on 16th September 1930 in Bombay (now Mumbai), British India.
- He began his career in 1953 as an advocate and practiced for over 4 decades in the Bombay High Court (BHC) and the Supreme Court of India (SCI).
- He started writing in the 1960s and authored several books, including “The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS): A Menace to India” (2019); “The Kashmir Dispute 1947-2012” (2014); “Article 370: A Constitutional History of Jammu and Kashmir” (2011), among others.
- He has also authored the biographies of Badruddin Tyabji, the 1st Indian barrister Judge of the BHC, and Dr Zakir Husain Khan, the 3rd President of India (1967-1969).
- He was a regular columnist for various national and regional newspapers including, Hindustan Times, The Hindu, Frontline, etc.
IMPORTANT DAYS
International Day for People of African Descent 2024 – August 31
The United Nations (UN)’s International Day for People of African Descent is annually observed across the globe on 31st August to celebrate the remarkable contributions of the African diaspora worldwide and eliminate all forms of discrimination against people of African descent.
31st August 2024 marks the 4th observance of International Day for People of African Descent.
Background:
i.On 16th December 2020, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/75/170 proclaiming, 31 August of every year as the International Day for People of African Descent.
ii.The first-ever International Day for People of African Descent was observed on 31 August 2021.
iii.The efforts to create the International Day for People of African Descent were under the initiatives of Costa Rica, a Central American country.
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