some difficult words from editorials , which is important and very helpful for IBPS PO/CLERK/LIC AAO/RRB & SSC CGL EXAM and other exams !!!
The Hindu: RK Nagar bypoll cancellation: A damning indictment
By cancelling the by-election to the Dr. Radhakrishnan Nagar Assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu, the Election Commission has gone well beyond indicting the ruling AIADMK (Amma), and its candidate and deputy general secretary, T.T.V. Dhinakaran. In its elaborate order, the EC also raised the possibility of disqualifying a candidate for a period up to six years if the candidate exceeded the prescribed limit for election expenses by either directly incurring or authorising them in the campaign, and for three years for failure to render a correct account of the expenses. Clearly, the EC, while detailing the series of violations that its personnel recorded, was not being defensive of its own monitoring of the electoral process. The order recalled the provisions of the Representation of the People Act, 1951, relating to disqualification of a candidate, and the source of the EC’s own powers, Article 324 of the Constitution. During the Assembly election last year, the EC had postponed polls in two constituencies citing electoral malpractices, but nothing more came of it. The same candidates of the two major parties, the AIADMK and the DMK, contested the elections when they were held later. This time, expressing its “anguish over the sordid state of affairs”, the EC stated that the methods adopted by parties and their leaders to bypass the monitoring of unauthorised and illegal election expenses needed to be dealt with a heavy hand. Without doubt, the tone and tenor of the order reveal a seriousness of purpose that goes beyond the immediate circumstances of the R.K. Nagar by-election.
For Mr. Dhinakaran, the stakes were higher than for any other candidate, desperate as he was for political legitimacy and a possible shot at chief ministership. There was a popular impression that he tried to pay his way to victory by systematically distributing cash, ward-wise, through ministers and party functionaries. The EC did its best to monitor the electoral process, through an unprecedented number of central observers, flying squad teams, static surveillance teams and video surveillance teams. But these did not appear to have had a deterrence effect. There were complaints of innovative forms of inducement: milk tokens, mobile phone recharge coupons, newspaper subscriptions, cash transfer to no-frills bank accounts and payments to mobile wallets. But despite the registration of cases, arrests and identification of malpractices, it was clear that ruling party functionaries were continuing with their offer of inducements and allurements. When the Income Tax department submitted a report dated April 8 about its search and seizure action at the premises of Tamil Nadu Minister C. Vijaya Baskar, the EC concluded that the electoral process had been vitiated irredeemably. If public confidence in the democratic process is to be restored, the EC must ensure that candidates indulging in such electoral practices are debarred swiftly.
1. Elaborate (adjective) : विस्तृत
Meaning : involving many carefully arranged parts or details; detailed and complicated in design and planning.
Synonyms : complicated, detailed, intricate, complex, involved, tortuous, convoluted, serpentine, tangled, knotty, confusing, bewildering, baffling; painstaking, careful; inextricable, entangled, impenetrable, Byzantine, Daedalian, Gordian; rareinvolute, involuted.
Antonyms : general, normal, plain, regular, simple, uncomplicated, unelaborated , uninvolved, usual.
Usage : elaborate security precautions.
2. Incurring (verb) : उठाने
Meaning : become subject to (something unwelcome or unpleasant) as a result of one’s own behaviour or actions.
Synonyms : suffer, sustain, experience, bring upon oneself, expose oneself to, lay oneself open to; run up, collect; attract, invite, provoke, earn, arouse, induce, cause, give rise to, bring on, be liable/subject to, meet with, draw.
Antonyms : be immune.
Usage : I will pay any expenses incurred.
3. Violations (noun) : उल्लंघन
Meaning : the action of violating someone or something.
Synonyms : contravention, breach, infringement, infraction, breaking, transgression, non-observance, lack of compliance with, disobeying, disobedience, defiance, defying, flouting, flying in the face of, rebelling against; neglect.
Antonyms : obedience, observance.
Usage : the aircraft were in violation of UN resolutions.
4. Malpractices (Noun) : कदाचार
Meaning : improper, illegal, or negligent professional behaviour.
Synonyms : wrongdoing, dereliction of duty, professional misconduct, breach of ethics, unprofessional behaviour, unprofessionalism, unethical behaviour; negligence, carelessness, incompetence.
Antonyms : advantage, benefit, blessing, correctness, good, perfection.
Usage : victims of medical malpractice.
5. Anguish (noun) : पीड़ा
Meaning : severe mental or physical pain or suffering.
Synonyms : agony, pain, torment, torture, suffering, distress, angst, misery, sorrow, grief, heartache, heartbreak, wretchedness, unhappiness, woe, desolation, despair; the dark night of the soul, purgatory, hell on earth; literarydolour.
Antonyms : comfort, contentment, happiness, joy, joyfulness, solace.
Usage : she shut her eyes in anguish.
6. Surveillance (noun) : निगरानी
Meaning : close observation, especially of a suspected spy or criminal.
Synonyms: observation, scrutiny, watch, view, inspection, monitoring, supervision, superintendence; spying, espionage, intelligence, undercover work, infiltration, reconnaissance; informalbugging, wiretapping, phone tapping, recon.
Antonyms : indifference, unobservance.
Usage : leading members of the party were to be kept under surveillance.
7. Deterrence (noun) : निवारण
Meaning : the action of discouraging an action or event through instilling doubt or fear of the consequences.
Synonyms : determent, disincentive, dissuasion, obviation, preclusion, preemption.
Antonyms : desertion, flight, surrender.
Usage : nuclear missiles remain the main deterrence against possible aggression.
8. Inducement (noun) : प्रलोभन
Meaning : a thing that persuades or leads someone to do something.
Synonyms : incentive, attraction, encouragement, temptation, incitement, stimulation, stimulus, bait, lure, pull, draw, spur, goad, impetus, motive, motivation, provocation; bribe, reward; informalcarrot, come-on, sweetener, perk; raredouceur.
Antonyms: discourage, halt, hinder, prevent.
Usage : companies were prepared to build only in return for massive inducements.
9. Premises (noun) : घर
Meaning : a previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion.
Synonyms : apriorism, assertion, assumption, basis, evidence, ground, posit, postulate, postulation, presumption, presupposition, proof, proposition, supposition, thesis.
Antonyms : fact, reality, truth.
Usage : if the premise is true, then the conclusion must be true.
10. Vitiated (verb) : बिगड़े
Meaning : spoil or impair the quality or efficiency of.
Synonyms : abate, abolish, abrogate, annihilate, annul, delete, deny, invalidate, negate, nullify, quash, recant, revoke, undermine, undo.
Antonyms : schedule, set up.
Usage : development programmes have been vitiated by the rise in population.
