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Cloze test
Directions(Q.1 -10)In the passage given below there are 10 blanks. Every blank has four alternative words or Sentences given in options (1),(2),(3) and (4). You have to tell which word will best suit the respective blank. Mark (5) as your answer if no change is required i.e “No change required”.
While there are many refreshing improvements in NITI Aayog’s ‘Strategy for New India @ 75’ from the (1) Planning Commission’s plans, there are also concerns about some of the strategies recommended. The (2) to change the approach to planning from preparations of plans and budgets to the creation of a mass movement for development in which “every Indian recognises her role and experiences the tangible benefits” is laudable. It will be (3) for NITI Aayog to get feedback from stakeholders on whether it has improved the process of consultation substantially or not. The strategy emphasises the need to improve implementation of policies and service delivery on the ground, which is what matters to citizens. Its resurrection of the 15 reports of the Second Administrative Reforms Commission and recommendation that they must be implemented (4) are welcome. The previous government had taken its eye off the ball. It did not put its weight behind the implementation of these well-thought-out recommendations, which had the (5) of all political parties, by a Commission it had supported. Employment and labour reforms, the second chapter in the strategy, have rightly been given the highest priority, which was not the case in the previous plans. The employment-generating capacity of the economy is what matters more to citizens than the overall GDP growth rate. There is no joy for citizens if India is the fastest-growing economy and yet does not provide jobs and incomes. The growth of industry and manufacturing is (6) to create more employment, and to provide bigger opportunities to Indians who have been too dependent on agriculture so far. Here, too, it is not the size of the manufacturing sector that matters but its shape. Labour-intensive industries are required for job creation. If the manufacturing sector is to grow from 16% to 25% of the GDP, which the strategy states as the goal, with more capital (7) industries, it will not solve the employment problem. The strategy does say that labour-intensive industries must be promoted, but the overall goal remains the size of the sector. What one measures, one manages. The strategy (8) the urgency of increasing the tax base to provide more resources for human development.
The strategy on labour laws appears pedestrian compared with the ambitious strategy of uplifting the lives of millions of Indians so that they share the fruits of economic growth. It recommends complete codification of central labour laws into four codes by 2019. While this will enable easier navigation for investors and employers through the Indian regulatory maze, what is required is a fundamental reorientation of the laws and regulations — they must fit (9) social and economic realities. First, the nature of work and employment is changing, even in more developed economies. It is moving towards more informal employment, through contract work and self-employment, even in formal enterprises. In such a scenario, social security systems must provide for all citizens, not only those in formal employment. Indeed, if employers want more flexibility to improve competitiveness of their enterprises, the state will have to provide citizens the fairness they expect from the economy. The NITI Aayog strategy suggests some (10) of a universal social security system. These must be sharpened
- 1. bygone
2. forgone
3. erstwhile
4. once
5. No change requiredAnswer : 3. erstwhile
Explanation:
Erstwhile – former - 1. rapt
2. intent
3. attentive
4. veracity
5. No change requiredAnswer : 2. intent
Explanation:
Intent – intention or purpose. - 1. voluble
2. lucrative
3. expedient
4. worthwhile
5. No change requiredAnswer : 4. worthwhile
Explanation:
Worthwhile – worth the time, money, or effort spent; of value or importance - 1. explosively
2. lustily
3. vigorously
4. sorely
5. No change requiredAnswer : 3. vigorously
Explanation:
Vigorously – in a way that involves physical strength, effort, or energy; strenuously. - 1. endorsement
2. appropriation
3. condoning
4. patronus
5. No change requiredAnswer : 1. endorsement
Explanation:
Endorsement – the action of supporting someone or something. - 1. needy
2. essential
3. compelled
4. obligation
5. No change requiredAnswer : 2. essential
Explanation:
Essential – absolutely necessary; extremely important. - 1. strenuous
2. tardy
3. gruelling
4. intensive
5. No change requiredAnswer : 4. intensive
Explanation:
Intensive – (typically in business and economics) concentrating on or making much use of a specified thing. - 1. apogee
2. zeniths
3. highlights
4. crudes
5. No change requiredAnswer : 3. highlights
Explanation:
Highlights – draw special attention to. - 1. digressing
2. emerging
3. emulating
4. officiating
5. No change requiredAnswer : 2. emerging
Explanation:
Emerging – becoming apparent or prominent. - 1. figuration
2. contours
3. perceptions
4. delineation
5. No change requiredAnswer : 2. contours
Explanation:
Contours – an outline representing or bounding the shape or form of something./shape of an an idea or concept
