Current Affairs 5 & 6 June 2022

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs 5 & 6 June 2022, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2022 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Central Govt approves 8.1% EPF Interest Rate for 2021-22; Lowest since 1977-78

The Central Government has officially approved 8.1% rate of interest on Employees’ Provident Fund (EPF) deposits for 2021-22, which is down by 40 basis points from 8.5% provided in 2020-21.

• This new interest rate is the lowest since 1977-78(over four-decade low), when it stood at 8%.
• This approval has been made concurrently by the Ministry of Labour and Employment (MoL&E), and the Ministry of Finance.

Key Points:
i.This decision regarding interest rate cut was taken in March 2022 by Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), The Central Board of Trustees (CBT), the highest decision-making body of the EPFO, decided to lower the interest on provident fund deposits for 2021-22.
ii.Now, MoL&E will credit this fixed rate of interest for FY22 to each member of the EPF scheme.
iii.The EPFO invests 85% of its annual accruals in debt instruments, including government securities and bonds, and 15% in equity through ETFs (Exchange-Traded Fund). The earnings from both debt and equity are used to calculate the interest payment.
iv.It should be noted that EPF is the main scheme under the EPF and Miscellaneous Provisions Act, 1952. Under this both employees and employers together contribute 24% of the basic salary plus Dearness Allowance (DA) on a monthly basis.

• The employee gets this lump sum amount with interest on retirement.

About Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO):
Parent Ministry– Ministry of Labour and Employment
Central Provident Fund Commissioner-CPFC (CEO of EPFO)– Neelam Shami Rao
Headquarters– New Delhi, Delhi

‘eSanjeevani’ Integrated With NHA’s Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission 

National Health Authority (NHA) announced that the ‘eSanjeevani’ (https://esanjeevani.in/) telemedicine service of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) has been integrated with its flagship scheme – Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM). 
Key Points
i.The announced integration would allow the existing users of eSanjeevani, the telemedicine service of Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW) to easily create their Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA).

• Further, allows the users to link and manage their existing health records like prescriptions, lab reports, etc. 
• Also, the users would be able to share their health records with doctors on eSanjeevani which will help in better clinical decision making and ensuring the continuum of care.

ii.One such example is the integration of eSanjeevani with ABDM, which allows the 22 crore ABHA holders to link and save their health records created by eSanjeevani directly in the health lockers of their choice. 
About eSanjeevani Portal
i.Portal developed by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), a premier R&D organization of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), Government of India
ii.The eSanjeevani service comes in two variants. 

• First Variant:  eSanjeevani AB-HWC (Ayushman Bharat-Health and Wellness Centre), a Doctor-to-Doctor telemedicine service that allows beneficiaries visiting a HWC to remotely connect with doctors/specialists at the Hub, which could be at a tertiary healthcare facility/hospital/medical college. 
• Second Variant : eSanjeevani OPD, serves patients across the country by linking them to doctors from the comfort of their own homes. 

iii. Both eSanjeevani AB-HWC and eSanjeevani OPD versions have been connected with the ABDM platform.
About Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission(ABDM)
National Health Authority (NHA) is the apex body responsible for implementing “Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission” to create a National Digital Health Eco-system.
The components of the ABDM are Ayushman Bharat Health Account (ABHA) Number, Healthcare Professionals Registry (HPR),Health Facility Registry (HFR),ABHA Mobile App(PHR) and ,Unified Health Interface (UHI).

• Chief Executive Officer of NHA – Dr. Ram Sewak Sharma (R.S.Sharma)

SC Bans Mining & Permanent Structures within 1-km radius of National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries

On 3rd June 2022, The Bench of Justice L Nageswara Rao, Justice Bhushan Ramkrishna Gavai (BR Gavai) and Justice Aniruddha Bose in the Supreme Court of India (SC) has ordered that mining and construction of new permanent structures within Extended Buffer Zone (ESZ) of 1-kilometre(km) radius of a national wildlife sanctuary or national park will not be permitted.
Highlights of the order: 
i.The court directed that the national parks and wildlife sanctuaries should have an ESZ of 1 Km measured from the demarcated boundary of such protected forest in which the activities proscribed and prescribed in the Guidelines of 9th February 2011 shall be strictly adhered to.
Note: For Jamwa Ramgarh Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, ESZ shall be 500 metres so far as subsisting activities are concerned.
ii.The activities already being undertaken within 1 km or ESZ does not come under the ambit of prohibited activities as per the 9th February 2011 Guidelines
iii.These activities may continue with the permission of the Principal Chief Conservator of Forests. The people responsible for these activities should get permission within a period of 6 months.
iv.According to the direction, Central Empowered Committee (CEC) shall quantify the compensation to be recovered from each miner indulging in mining activities within the Jamwa Ramgarh sanctuary in violation of any statutory provision.
v.Following this order, the construction of a new structure within the ESZ shall not be permitted for whatever purpose.
Key Points:
According to the directions of SC, The Principal Chief Conservator of Forests and the Home Secretary of each State and Union Territory(UT) shall be responsible for proper compliance.
Additional info:
i.This direction came while dealing with the matters and issues related to the protected natural forest.
ii.The petition continued with the cause title “in Re: T.N. Godavarman Thirumulpad v. Union of India and Ors”, under which several orders have been passed to ensure the preservation of forest resources of India.
Click here for the order of the Supreme court

“SHRESHTA” Scheme for Meritorious Students of Scheduled Castes Launched by MoSJE Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar

Union Minister Dr. Virendra Kumar, Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MoSJE), launched the Scheme for Residential Education for Students in High Schools in Targeted Areas (SHRESHTA) on June 3, 2022, at an event in Noida, Uttar Pradesh.
SHRESHTA was created in response to the Constitutional mandate to provide quality education and opportunities for even the poorest Scheduled Caste (SC) students.
Scheme for Residential Education for Students in High Schools in Targeted Areas (SHRESHTA)
Benefits:
i. The scheme will provide meritorious poor students from SC communities, whose parental income is less than Rs. 2.5 lakh per annum, with free access to a high-quality education (from Class 9 to 12).
ii.Approximately 3,000 such students from various states and Union Territories (UTs) are selected each year under the scheme through a transparent mechanism called the National Entrance Test for SHRESHTA (NETS), which is conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA).
iii. The scholarships will be funded by GoI, which will cover the school fee (including tuition) and hostel fee (including mess charges) via Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT).
About Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MoSJE):
Union Minister – Dr. Virendra Kumar (Tikamgarh Constituency, Madhya Pradesh)
Minister of State (MoS) – Ramdas Athawale (Rajya Sabha – Maharashtra)
>> Read Full News

IAF Signs MoU With Chandigarh Govt. For Indian Airforce Heritage Centre

Indian Air Force signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Chandigarh administration for setting up of a First-of-its kind Indian Air Force Heritage Centre in Union Territory of Chandigarh.
Key Information
i. Simulators, decommissioned aircraft, aero engines, and other IAF artefacts will be housed in this facility.
ii.Virtual reality and artificial intelligence will be used in the centre.
iii.Chief of Air Staff also presented a model replica of propeller of IAF aircraft as the first IAF artefact of the centre.
iv.Governor of Punjab and Lt Governor of Chandigarh Union Territory  – Banwarilal Purohit, Member of Parliament – Kirron Kher and IAF Air Chief Marshall – VR Chaudhari are present during the signing of the MoU.
About Indian Air Force
Headquarters: New Delhi
Founded: 8 October 1932
Chief of Air Staff: Vivek Ram Chaudhari(VR Chaudhari)

India & Bangladesh are Rebooting Their Rail Link

The passenger train services between India and Bangladesh were resumed with Bandhan Express (Kolkata, West Bengal, India to Khulna, Bangladesh) and Maitree Express (Dhaka, Bangladesh to Kolkata, West Bengal), 2 years after these trains were stopped on 28th March 2020, due to COVID-19 pandemic.
The Mitali Express, a 3rd train connecting New Jalpaiguri in North Bengal, West Bengal with Dhaka,Bangladesh will be flagged off in June 2022 by Railways ministers of both India and Bangladesh.

• So far, 5 rail links have been rebooted between India and Bangladesh, which include Petrapole (India)-Benapole (Bangladesh), Gede (India)-Darshana (Bangladesh), Singhabad (India)-Rohanpur (Bangladesh), Radhikapur (India)-Birol (Bangladesh), Haldibari (India)-Chilahati (Bangladesh).
• In August 2021, both the countries started regular freight trains in the newly restored Haldibari-Chilahati link.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

OECD’s Global Plastics Outlook Policy Scenarios to 2060: Global plastics use to triple by 2060

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development(OECD) released a new report (preliminary version) titled “Global Plastics Outlook Policy Scenarios to 2060” which states that the Global plastic waste set to almost triple by 2060 due to economic and population growth.

• Around half of the plastic waste will end up in landfills and less than a fifth of the waste will be recycled.
• The report provides a set of coherent projections on plastics to 2060 which includes plastics use and waste, and the impacts of plastics on the environment.

The full report will be launched on 21st June 2022 at the OECD Green Talks Live webinar series.
Highlights of the report:
i.The report estimates that the OECD countries will double their plastic use while Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia are expected to have the largest increase.
ii.According to the report the annual production of fossil fuel-based plastics is set to top 1.2 billion tonnes by 2060 and waste to exceed 1 billion tonnes.
iii.The absence of new policies to curb the level of pollution will result in an increase in global plastic consumption from 460 million metric tons in 2019 to 1.2 billion metric tons in 2060.
iv.The globally coordinated policies can boost the share of future plastic waste that is recycled, from 12 to 40%.
v.The report explores how the actions to reduce greenhouse emissions could reduce plastic pollution, due to the interplay between the plastics lifecycle, fossil fuels and climate change.
Key Points:
i.The debris is estimated to cause the deaths of around a million seabirds and more than 100000 marine mammals.
ii.Around 8.3 billion tonnes of plastics have been produced since the 1950s, and more than 60% of these are tossed into landfills, burned or dumped into rivers or oceans.
iii.Around 460 million tonnes of plastics were used in 2019, which is around twice as much as 20 years earlier. The amount of plastic waste has also doubled, exceeding 350 million tonnes, with less than 10 % of it being recycled.
About the report: 
i.This new report builds on the OECD’s 1st Global Plastics Outlook: Economic Drivers, Environmental Impacts and Policy Options released in February 2022.
ii.The 1st report found that plastic waste has doubled in two decades, where most of the waste ends up in landfills, incinerated or leaking into the environment.

BANKING & FINANCE

Kiyaverse: Kiya.ai launches India’s 1st Banking Metaverse

India’s first banking metaverse namely ‘Kiyaverse’ has been launched by Kiya.ai in Mumbai, Maharashtra which intends to merge use cases of real-world banking with metaverse banking through an avatar (virtual humanoid) based interactions.

• Kiyaverse will allow customers to transact, access banking information, and obtain various banking products virtually from the comfort of their own homes.
• Kiya.ai is a digital solutions provider to financial institutions and governments.
• Kiyaverse will be used by banks and non-banking finance companies (NBFCs) to enable virtual interactions.

What is metaverse?
It is a network of 3D virtual worlds that uses augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), and blockchain, along with concepts from social media, to create spaces for user interaction mimicking the real world.

• It covers nearly everything, such as games, meetings, and shopping.
• To access Metaverse, one must first put on a headset to connect to the virtual reality interface.

Banking metaverse will enable banks to maximize the potential of enhanced UX (User Experience) to achieve the best results for data visualization and process and procedure gamification.
How will it work?
i.Kiyaverse will allow banks to extend their own metaverse for clients, partners, and employees in the first phase, with services such as Relationship Manager, Peer Avatars, Robo-advisors, portfolio analysis, wealth management, co-lending, and corporate banking.
ii.It uses tokens as NFTs (Non-fungible token) and to support Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) to enable open finance in a Web3.0 environment, an anticipated future iteration of the internet.
iii.Kiyaverse will connect its Open API (Application Programming Interface) connectors to Aggregators and Gateways to enable a metaverse Super-App and Marketplace.
iv.With this, customers will be able to use their personalized avatars on digital banking units, mobile devices, laptops, VR headsets, and mixed reality environments because of Kiyaverse.
Companies that provide Metaverse development services to their global clients include Tech Mahindra (TechMVerse), Wipro, Accenture, Infosys.
About Kiya.ai:
MD and CEO– Rajesh Mirjankar
Headquarters– Mumbai, Maharashtra

India’s Digital Payments may reach $10 trillion by 2026: PhonePe & BCG Report

According to the report titled ‘Digital payments in India: A US$10 trillion opportunity‘ by PhonePe in collaboration with Boston Consulting Group (BCG), value of digital payments (non-cash) in India is expected to increase three-fold from current US$3 trillion to US$10 trillion by 2026. Therefore, by 2026, Indian digital payments will constitute 2 out of 3 payment transactions.

• Digital payments will constitute nearly 65% of all payments by 2026, up from the current 40%.
• UPI (Unified Payments Interface) adoption will surge from 35% in FY21 to 75% in the next five years.

What is the report about?
It is an in-depth analysis on the growth of digital payments in India and looks at factors and enablers that will help unlock the massive growth potential going forward. This market excludes large Business-to-Business (B2B)/ Government to Business Services (G2B) payments.
Key Points from Report:
i.There will be 7x growth in digital merchant payments  from current US$ 0.3-0.4 trillion to US$2.5-2.7 trillion by 2026.
ii.The key sector behind an increase in digital payment is global and Indian fintech which led to UPI (Unified Payments Interface) adoption in India among end-users. It also includes merchants with user-friendly transaction interfaces, and innovative offerings, supported by an open API (Application Programming Interface).

• Other factors behind this boost include continued push for consumer awareness, infrastructure upgrades, setting up of a financial services marketplace, internet of things (IoT), 5G and central bank digital currency (CBDC).

iii.UPI saw about nine times transaction volume increase in the past three years, increasing from 5 billion transactions in FY19 to about 46 billion transactions in FY22.

• This accounts for more than 60% non-cash transaction volumes in FY22.

iv.Tier I-II cities have witnessed high acceptance of digital payments penetration. The next wave of growth will now come from tier III-VI locations.

Kotak Investment Advisors Launches Investment Platform ‘Kotak Cherry’

‘Kotak Cherry’ – a one-stop curated open architecture investment management platform, has been introduced by Kotak Investment Advisors, a subsidiary of Kotak Mahindra Bank.

• Investors can choose from a diverse range of offerings other than those manufactured by Kotak group companies with assistance from Kotak Cherry.
• It allows customers to make investments using their existing digital broking and banking services.

Key Points:
i.The platform will offer investment options ranging from stocks, bonds, mutual funds, fixed deposits, and the National Pension Scheme (NPS) to more advanced investment options like exchange-traded funds (ETFs) and real estate through real estate investment trusts.
ii.Users will be able to access investing solutions through an app that is backed by investment managers.
iii. Customers can now buy direct mutual fund schemes using the platform, which is currently available for free and can be used as a do-it-yourself (DIY) execution tool.

• Kotak aims to gain 10 lakh customers in a year and eventually switch to a subscription model.
• By October 2022, additional features such as extensive personalization, open architecture, and a variety of investment options will be added in stages.

iv.The bank intends to add more features to the platform like stock baskets, robo advice, life, medical, and general insurance, and enable international investing, to provide customers with financial life-stage solutions.
About Kotak Mahindra Bank Ltd:
MD & CEO – Uday Kotak
Establishment – 2003
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Tagline – Let’s Make Money Simple

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS   

Bloomberg Billionaire Index: Mukesh Ambani Becomes Asia’s Richest Man Surpasses Gautam Adani; Elon Musk remains as World’s Richest

According to the Bloomberg Billionaire Index (as of 3rd June 2022), a daily ranking of the world’s richest people, Mukesh Ambani, Chairman and Managing Director(CMD) of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) became the richest man in India as well as in Asia with a net worth of USD 99.7 billion, surpassing Gautam Adani, chairman and founder of the Adani Group whose net worth was at USD 98.7 billion.

• Mukesh Ambani was ranked as the 8th richest man in the world whereas Gautam Adani was ranked 9th on the list.
• Elon Musk, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Tesla and SpaceX, remained the World’s richest man with a net worth of USD 227 Billion.

Top 3 on Bloomberg Billionaire Index(3rd June 2022):

Forbes The Real-Time Billionaires List: Elon Musk tops 
i.According to Forbes’ “The Real-Time Billionaires List” (as of 3rd June 2022), Elon Musk retains his position as the World’s Richest Person with a net worth of USD 233.7 billion.
ii.Bernard Arnault and the family of LVMH(Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton) is ranked 2nd with a net worth of USD 157 billion followed by Amazon’s founder Jeff Bezos with a net worth of USD 151.2 billion.
Indians on the list:
Mukesh Ambani has ranked 6th on the list with a total net worth of USD 104.7 Billion while Gautam Adani has ranked 9th with a total net worth of USD 99.9 billion.

• Mukesh Ambani and Gautam Adani are the only Indians featured on the Forbes real-time billionaire list.

Others Among Top 10:
Bill Gates, CEO of Microsoft ranked 4th(net worth USD 129.1 billion); Warren Buffett, CEO of Berkshire Hathaway ranked 5th (USD 113.9 billion); Larry Page CEO of Google ranked 7th (USD 100.9 billion); Larry Ellison, co-founder of Oracle ranked 8th (USD 100.8 billion) and Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google ranked 10th (USD 97.1 billion).
Top 3 on  Forbes The Real-Time Billionaires List(as of 3rd June 2022):

Music Academy Announced the Winners of Sangita Kalanidhi Awards for 2020, 2021 & 2022 

The Music Academy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, announced the winners of the Sangita Kalanidhi Awards for 2020, 2021 and 2022. Neyveli R. Santhanagopalan, noted vocalist was selected for the Sangita Kalanidhi Awards 2020, Mridhangam Maestro Tiruvarur Bhaktavatsalam for 2021, and violinists Lalgudi GJR Krishnan and GJR Vijayalakshmi has been named the winners of 2022.

• Sangita Kalanidhi, established in 1942, is considered the highest accolade in the field of Carnatic music.
• The award comprises a gold medal and a birudu patra (citation). Since 2005 the winner of this award also received the MS Subbulakshmi Award instituted by The Hindu. 
• Musicologist award 2022, instituted as Vaggeyakara award in 1999, was awarded to V. Premalatha.

 

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

INS Nishank & Akshay Decommissioned in Mumbai; Rendering Around 32 years of glorious service

i.On June 3, 2022, the Indian Naval Ship (INS), ‘Nishank'(K43), 4th of Veer Class Missile Corvette Killers and ‘INS Akshay'(P35), Abhay class corvette were decommissioned during a ceremony conducted at Naval Dockyard in Mumbai, Maharashtra wherein the National Flag, Naval Ensign and Decommissioning Pennant of the two ships were lowered for the last time at sunset.
ii.Both ships rendered more than 32 years of glorious service to the nation.
iii.INS Nishank, was a high speed missile craft commissioned on September 12, 1989,while INS Akshay was commissioned on December 10, 1990 at Poti, Georgia.
About Indian Navy:
Founded– 26 January 1950
Headquarters– Integrated Defence Headquarters, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi, Delhi
>> Read Full News

Bengaluru Based Ambee Joins Nasa’s PACE Mission as Early Adopter

Datair Technology Private Limited (Ambee), a Bengaluru (Karnataka) based private firm, has joined the PACE (Plankton, Aerosol, Cloud, ocean Ecosystem) mission of National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA), the space agency of the United States of America(USA) as an early adopter. 

• As a part of the PACE Mission’s Early Adopter program, Ambee will integrate valuable PACE data into its offerings.
• With access to NASA’s hyperspectral and polarimetric PACE data, Ambee’s air quality datasets will become more accurate.

Note: Ambee is a global platform for hyperlocal and geospatial datasets on air quality, weather, pollen, soil, water vapour and fire.
About NASA’s PACE Mission:
i.NASA’s PACE mission, currently in the design phase of mission development, is scheduled to launch in 2024.
ii.This will extend and improve NASA’s more than 20-year record of satellite observations of global ocean biology, aerosols (tiny particles suspended in the atmosphere), and clouds.
iii.The mission will advance the assessment of ocean health by measuring the distribution of phytoplankton, tiny plants and algae that sustain the marine food web.
iv.The data collected under the PACE Mission will be used by the scientific community(universities) and government agencies to forecast weather and develop research that can support the mitigation of climate change.
2 fundamental science goals:

• To extend key systematic ocean colour, aerosol, and cloud data records for Earth system and climate studies.
• To address new and emerging science questions using its advanced instruments, surpassing the capabilities of previous and current missions.

Background of PACE Mission:

i.In India, air pollution was the cause of an estimated 1.6 million deaths in 2019 – the highest globally – according to a report by the Lancet Commission on Pollution and Health.

ii.As of January 2022, 132 cities have pollution levels below national standards. More than 90% of the country breathes air quality below World Health Organization’s standards.

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression 2022 – June 4

The United Nations (UN) International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression is annually observed across the globe on 4th June to recognise and acknowledge the pain suffered by children across the globe, who were the victims of physical, mental and emotional abuse.

• The day focuses on the victims of the 1982 Lebanon War and remembers the innocent Palestinian and Lebanese children victims of Israel’s acts of aggression.
• The day also reaffirms the commitment of the UN toward protecting the rights of children.

Background:
i.On 19th August 1982, The United Nations General Assembly(UNGA)  adopted the resolution A/RES/ES-7/8 during its emergency special session on the question of Palestine and proclaimed the 4th June of every year as the International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression.
ii.The first-ever International Day of Innocent Children Victims of Aggression was observed on 4th June 1983. 
>> Read Full News

STATE NEWS

Andhra Pradesh Government launches ‘ACB 14400’ to File Corruption Related Complaints

Chief Minister YS Jagan Mohan Reddy introduced an app called ACB 14400  to combat corruption in government offices across the state. People can file corruption-related complaints against state officials using this app.The app was developed by the Anti-Corruption Bureau (ACB) of Andhra Pradesh.
Key Information
i. People could previously file a complaint by calling the toll-free number 14400, but they were failed to provide evidence.As a result, the ACB will be unable to resolve cases due to a lack of sufficient evidence to investigate the subject.
ii. Anyone can use the mobile application to attach documentation, such as audio or video documents to report a corruption case.
iii. The ACB app, like the Disha App which was developed to help women in distress, is intended to help consumers register concerns utilising modern information technology while maintaining transparency.
iv. This software has a mechanism that ensures that the evidence is recorded and related to the complaint.
Features of the ACB 14400

• Once the app has been downloaded, an OTP will be delivered to the user’s phone to verify the phone number.
• After entering the OTP, the ‘14400 App’ is downloaded and installed on the user’s phone, and the app is ready to use.
• When the app is launched, two categories will appear on the mobile screen: ‘Live Report’ and ‘Lodge Complaint’.
• Following the receipt of the Complaint, ACB authorities will take the appropriate action based on the contents of the Complaint.

About Andhra Pradesh
Governor: Biswa Bhusan Harichandan
Chief Minister: YS Jagan Mohan Reddy
National Park – Rajiv Gandhi National Park, Papikonda National park, and Sri Venkateswara National Park(biosphere reserve)

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