Current Affairs 28 October 2022

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Minicoy Thundi Beach and Kadmat Beach of Lakshadweep accorded with Blue FlagThe two Indian beaches, Minicoy Thundi Beach and Kadmat Beach, both in Lakshadweep have been accorded with the globally recognized and the coveted International eco-label ‘Blue Flag’. They comply with all the 33 criteria as mandated by the Foundation for Environment Education (FEE) in Denmark.

• With this certification, India’s total number of beaches under the Blue Flag reached 12.
• The information for the same was provided by Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC).
• Spain with 729 sites tops the list of countries with Blue Flag awarded sites. It is followed by Greece and Turkey with 591 and 560 sites .

About Blue Flag certification:
It is a globally recognized certification /eco-label accorded by FEE to the cleanest beaches in the world. To be eligible, a series of environmental, educational, safety-related and access-related criteria must be met and maintained. Its mission is to promote sustainability in the tourism sector.
Key Points:
i.The Thundi Beach is one of the most pristine and picturesque beaches in the Lakshadweep archipelago where white sand is lined by the turquoise-blue water of the lagoon.
ii.Kadmat Beach is popular with cruise tourists, and for water sports. It has pearl white sand, blue lagoon waters, and moderate climate.
iii.The other Indian beaches in the blue list are Shivrajpur-Gujarat, Ghoghla-Diu, Kasarkod and Padubidri-Karnataka, Kappad-Kerala, Rushikonda- Andhra Pradesh, Golden-Odisha, Radhanagar- Andaman and Nicobar, Kovalam in Tamil Nadu and Eden in Puducherry.

Gujarat’s Modhera Becomes India’s 1st Net-Zero Energy CommunityIndia’s first solar-powered village Modhera in the Mehsana district of Gujarat has become India’s first ‘net-zero’ energy community by meeting its 100% energy requirements using onsite solar power.

• This was achieved as a result of Project Suryagram (Sun Village).The project made Modhera India’s first 24×7 solar-powered village.

Project Suryagram:
i.As a part of the project, 1 kilowatt(KW) of solar panels were installed on the roof of every household in Modhera in 2 phases. The first phase of the project was initiated in February 2022 and the solarisation of Modhera was completed in August 2022.
ii.Around 1,380 households in the Modhera area including 1,177 at Modhera, 101 Sujjanpura and 105 at Samlanpura villages have solar rooftop systems.
iii.Under this project, around 316 KW rooftop solar systems have been installed on government buildings.
iv.The project enables around 8000 inhabitants of the village to relieve from the consumption of conventional energy.
v.The Gujarat Power Corporation Limited (GPCL) has also installed a 6 MW ground-mounted solar power plant at Sujjanpura with a 15 MWh Battery Energy Storage System (BESS).

Tiger Triumph 2022: India & US conducted Tri-Services HADR exercise at Visakhapatnam, APFrom October 18-20, 2022, the 2nd edition of India-United States (US) Tri-Services HADR (Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief) Exercise, ‘Tiger Triumph 2022’ was held at Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh (AP) between the Indian Navy (IN) and US Navy. It was held in line with the growing strategic cooperation between the two countries.

• The IN was led by Rear Admiral Manish Sharma, Chief Staff Officer (CSO-Ops) HQENC (Headquarters, Eastern Naval Command), Visakhapatnam.
• The US Navy was led by Major General Chris McPhillips, Director, INDOPACOM (Indo-Pacific Command).

Aim of Exercise:
Interoperability and validate procedures for conducting HADR operations after natural calamity.
Key Points:
i.Tiger Triumph 2022 involved 50 participants, and was focused on staff planning, with an emphasis on processes for streamlining diplomatic, operational, and logistical coordination.
ii.This is the 3rd time in 2022 that the Indian and US militaries have worked together in Visakhapatnam.

• In February 2022, the US joined India and more than thirty other nations for India’s Bi-Annual Exercise “Milan 2022” with the theme ‘Camaraderie – Cohesion – Collaboration’ .
• In August 2022, the USS (United States Ship) Frank Cable visited Visakhapatnam, during which US sailors joined Indian counterparts for briefings.

iii.The first Tiger Triumph exercise was held in 2019 in Visakhapatnam. It is the first tri-services exercise between the US and India.

DGCA grants Aerodrome Licence to Mopa Airport in Goa 

On 26th October 2022, the Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA) grants the Aerodrome Licence to Mopa Airport in Goa.

• Goa is the 1st Indian city-state to have 2 airports that will soon see regular commercial flights.

Key Points:
i. According to a senior official at the DGCA, the licence for the Mopa airport, has been built by the GMR Goa International Airport Limited (GGIAL), a subsidiary of GMR Airports Limited (GAL), was issued on 26th October 2022.
ii. Mopa airport is built under the BOT model (Build, Operate and Transfer) and will be operated through GGIAL by GMR for a period of 40 years.
iii. Mopa Airport will be the 2nd airport in Goa, which will be around 35 kilometre from Panjim in the northern part of Goa. The existing airport is Dabolim Airport (Naval Airport), Mormugao city in Goa.
iv. The Airport is being constructed in 4 phases with an annual passenger capacity of

• 4.4 million in Phase I
• 5.8 million in Phase II
• 9.4 million in Phase III
• 13.1 million in Phase IV

v. By the end of Phase IV, the airport can accommodate up to 28 million people annually and will include a specialised cargo facility.
vi. According to the statement of the Chief Minister (CM) of Goa, Pramod Sawant, after authorising the airport, the number of flights landing in Goa will go up to 150. There are 131 active airports in India at the moment.
Note:
The Airport Economic Regulatory Authority (AERA) issued an ad hoc tariff order for the GMR-developed Mopa airport.

• In the ad hoc tariff order for Mopa by AERA, the user development fee (UDF) is Rs 450 and Rs 1,100 per departing domestic and international passenger respectively.
• The UDF proposed by the GMR Group is Rs 980 and Rs 1,500.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

UNFCCC Report: Climate Plans to Limit Global Temperature Remain InsufficientThe United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in its ‘NDC Synthesis Report 2022’, issued a warning that the climate plans of governments around the world are still insufficient to keep global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius (1.5°C), as mandated by the 2015 Paris Agreement.

• According to the report, the combined climate pledges of the 193 parties to the Paris Agreement could put the world on course for about 2.5°C of warming by the end of the century.

Background
i.The Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), or climate action plans, of 193 Parties to the Paris Agreement were examined by the UNFCCC (UN Climate Change).
ii.It included updated or new NDCs submitted by 24 nations following the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties (COP 26) in Glasgow (Scotland) until September 23, 2022.
Key Concerns of the Report:
i.The report estimates that, compared to 2010 levels, current commitments will result in a rise in emissions of 10.6% by 2030.

• This is a development over the 2021 assessment, which projected that countries were on track to raise emissions by 13.7% by 2030 compared to 2010 levels.

About United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC):
i.The UNFCCC came into force on March 21, 1994. The 198 countries that have ratified the Convention are known as Parties to the Convention.
ii.The UNFCCC is a “Rio Convention,” one of two presented for signature at the 1992 Rio Earth Summit.
>> Read Full News

World Energy Outlook 2022: IEA Predicts Global Emissions to Peak in 2025According to the World Energy Outlook 2022, released by the International Energy Agency (IEA), global emissions will reach their peak in 2025 as rising energy prices brought on by Russia’s invasion of Ukraine encourage investment in Renewable Energy sources.
World Energy Outlook 2022 (WEO 2022)
i.According to the WEO 2022, the commitments made in the Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) result in a faster reduction in emissions in the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS).

• Global emissions reach their peak before 2025 and drop to 31.5 Gigatonnes (Gt) of Carbon dioxide (CO2) in 2030, which is roughly 15% less than in the Scenario of Stated Policies (STEPS).

Key Forecasts in The Report:
i.According to the report, the demand for all forms of fossil fuels is expected to peak or plateau.

• Coal consumption, which has temporarily increased, will drop down in the coming years as more renewables arrive.
• Natural gas will reach a plateau at the end of the decade, rather than rising steadily as previously predicted.

About the International Energy Agency (IEA):
Executive Director – Fatih Birol
Headquarters – Paris, France
Established – 1974
>> Read Full News

UNICEF Report: By 2050, Every Child across the globe will be Exposed to Severe HeatwavesUnited Nations Children’s Fund(UNICEF) report titled “The coldest year of the rest of their lives: Protecting children from the escalating impacts of heatwaves”, estimates that by 2050, every child over 2 billion across the globe will be exposed to more frequent, longer lasting, and more severe heatwaves up from 24% of children in 2020.  This is an increase of around 1.5 billion children.

• At present, around 559 million children across the globe are exposed to high heatwave frequency.

Note: For the first time, this report provides estimates on how many children are exposed to 4 measures of heatwaves, now and in forecasts for 2050.

• 2050 Scenario 1: in a low greenhouse gas emission scenario, with an estimated 1.7 degrees of warming by 2050. This is an established scenario used in climate modelling and defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 1 (SSP1).
• 2050 Scenario 2: in a very high greenhouse gas emission scenario, with an estimated 2.4 degrees of warming by 2050. This is an established scenario used in climate modelling and defined by the IPCC as Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5 (SSP5).

What is a heatwave?
A heatwave is a period of 3 days or more when the maximum temperature each day is in the top 10% of the local 15-day average.
Risks of heatwave include heat stroke, heat stress, allergy, chronic respiratory conditions, asthma, mosquito-borne disease, cardiovascular disease, under-nutrition and diarrhoea.
The high temperature is also associated with increased mental health problems in children and adolescents
Effects of the heatwave on children:
The heatwave for a longer duration poses a greater threat to children who spend more time outdoors than adults.

• 1 in 4 children lives in an area where the average heatwave lasts for 4.7 days or longer as of 2020. This is expected to rise to 3 in 4 children under a low-emission scenario by 2050.
• At 2.4 degrees of warming, it is estimated that 94% of children will be exposed to heatwaves. Only small areas of southern America, central Africa, Australia and Asia will not be exposed to high heatwave durations.
• Child exposure to high heatwave severity will be highest in Europe by 2050 (around 1 in 3 children under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 1(SSP1) and almost 2 in 3 children under SSP5).

Delhi Airport Emerges as World’s 10th Busiest Airport: OAG’s ReportAccording to the report published by UK based OAG Aviation Worldwide Limited in October 2022, Delhi Airport also known as Indira Gandhi International Airport or IGI Airport in New Delhi, Delhi has been named the world’s 10th busiest global airport. 
The Delhi airport has improved to 10th position(with total capacity of 3413855 seats) from its 14th position in October 2019.

• In October 2022, Atlanta Hartsfield-Jackson International Airport, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America(USA) remained the world’s busiest global airport.
• Following Atlanta, Dubai International and Tokyo International Airport (Haneda Airport ) have secured the 2nd and 3rd rank respectively.

Top 5 Busiest global Airports – October 2022:

About OAG ranking:
The ranking by OAG is based on the scheduled airline capacity in the current month and compared to the equivalent month in 2019, pre-pandemic.
The top 10 list is prepared using the total capacity(domestic and international).

• 6 of the top 10 airports in the October 2022 list were among the list of top 10 list of October 2019.

Busiest International Airport in the World – October 2022
According to the OAG report, Dubai International is the busiest international airport followed by London Heathrow Airport and Amsterdam Airport in 2nd and 3rd rank respectively.
None of the Indian airports was listed among the top 10 Busiest International Airports by Seats.
Busiest flight route: 
In a different report, OAG stated that Mumbai to Delhi is among the global top 10 busiest domestic airline routes (ranked 9th) and Mumbai to Dubai is among the Global top 10 Busiest International Airline routes (ranked 9th).

• Jeju International – Seoul Gimpo tops the list of Global Top 10 Busiest Domestic Airline Routes.
• Kuala Lumpur – Singapore Changi tops the list of Global Top 10 Busiest International Airline Routes.

BANKING & FINANCE

Indian Bank rolls out Digital Initiatives under Project WAVEOn October 26, 2022, the Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) Indian Bank launched six digital transformation initiatives under its ‘Project WAVE (World of Advance Virtual Experience)’.

• These were launched by Shanti Lal Jain, Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), Indian Bank, along with Sharad Mathur, MD & CEO, Universal Sompo General Insurance Co in Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN).

Key Initiatives:
i.Indian Bank has tied-up with Universal Sompo General Insurance for providing online two and three-wheeler insurance, and health insurance through its mobile banking app IndOASIS.  This will enable bank’s customers to access and buy general insurance products digitally, anytime, and anywhere.
ii.Indian Bank also made a co-lending arrangement with Rupeek Capital Pvt Ltd to offer jewel loans at customers’ doorsteps barring the need of physical visit to the bank. This facility, presently available in selected areas, will be expanded to other locations.
iii.The bank also extended Pre-Approved Personal Loan (PAPL), disbursement scheme to self-employed customers, which was earlier limited for salaried customers and pensioners.
iv.The bank has also extended e-OD (Overdraft) facility against Term Deposits opened at branches by individual customers which were previously offered for e-deposits only.
About Indian Bank:
MD and CEO – Shanti Lal Jain
Tagline– Your Own Bank
Merged Banks– Allahabad Bank
Headquarters– Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN)

IRDAI approved ‘Bima Sugam’ Portal; Offers more Flexibility to General Insurance Companiesi.The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) approved the launch of Bima Sugam, an online marketplace that will house all companies selling life and non-life insurance on a single platform w.e.f. January 1, 2023.
ii.It will be an umbrella portal for all insurance needs, and services like buying insurance policies, portability facilities, change of insurance agents and settling of claims.
iii.The key stakeholders in Bima Sugam are going to be Life Insurance Council (30%), General Insurance Council at (30%), Online PSBs-Public Sector Banks (35%) and Brokers Association (5%).
iv.IRDAI has offered more flexibility to general insurance companies in designing and pricing of products under miscellaneous segment and allowed them to launch these in the market without prior regulatory approval.
About Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI):
Chairman– Debasish Panda
Headquarters– Hyderabad, Telangana
Establishment– 1999
>> Read Full News

India Post Payment Bank Launches Group Accident Insurance PlanThe India Post Payments Bank (IPPB) operating under the Department of Posts (DoP), Ministry of Communications, has introduced a Group Accident Insurance Plan with an accidental death coverage of Rs 10 lakh.

• The insurance plan will be made available by The India Post in collaboration with Tata AIG and Bajaj Allianz General Insurance companies for a premium of Rs. 399 or Rs. 396 annually.

Key Points:
i.The annual premium for the group accident insurance policy is minimal and it covers comprehensive medical emergencies. It is possible to join at any post office or with the assistance of a postman or postwoman.
ii.This insurance plan is available to anyone between the ages of 18 years and 65 years.
iii.Under the e-KYC (Aadhaar based) procedure, the policy would be instantly provided digitally using a smartphone or a fingerprint sensor carried by the postman.

• No application forms or copies of identity or address proof are required.

iv.The insurance plan will provide the applicant with around 10 primary benefits, including:

• Permanent total or permanent partial disability coverage of Rs 10 lakh
• An option to cover accidental medical expenses up to Rs 60,000
• Transportation benefits for the family members travelling to see the accident victim

About India Post Payments Bank (IPPB):
MD & CEO – J Venkatramu
Establishment – 2018
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Motto – Every customer is important, every transaction is significant and every deposit is valuable, no matter the value.

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

PHDCCI & Greenstat signs MoU for Setting Up CoE-GH The PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI) and Greenstat Hydrogen India have signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the establishment of the Centre of Excellence for Green Hydrogen (CoE-GH) at PHD House, New Delhi, Delhi.

• PHDCCI plans to set up the centre of excellence at its headquarters in New Delhi and Greenstat Hydrogen India Pvt Ltd has joined, as a knowledge partner.

The MoU was signed by Sturle H Pedersen, Chairman of Greenstat Hydrogen India Pvt. Ltd. and Saket Dalmia, President of PHDCCI.
Key Points:
i. Greenstat has more than 100 years of experience in the manufacture, storage, transportation, and use of hydrogen. It was the 1st company to provide 3D model-based safety evaluations.
ii. PHDCCI is the only chamber in India which represents the interest of Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSME) companies. The MSME industry makes a considerable contribution to India’s Gross domestic product (GDP)
iii. PHDCCI will provide training and workshops, as well as research the best global standards and laws, safety, technology partnerships, consultation, data bank, and accident audit among others.

• It will look to other international businesses with expertise in green hydrogen for knowledge assistance.

Green Hydrogen:
i. Green Hydrogen is considered to be one of the cleanest fuels for both transport and power generation.

• Green hydrogen is defined as hydrogen produced by splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using renewable electricity.

ii. Large-scale usage of hydrogen energy, a 100% clean fuel, will lessen the need for fossil fuels. It will also reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
About the PHD Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PHDCCI):
President- Saket Dalmia
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Establishment- 1905
About Greenstat Hydrogen India:
Managing Director (MD)- Dr Jeevan Prakash Gupta
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Establishment- 2015

MoCI Data: Russia Is Now India’s Seventh-Largest Trading Partner, US TopsAccording to the most recent data available with the Department of Commerce, Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoCI), Russia has moved from 25th place in 2021 to become India’s seventh-largest trading partner. This has been attributed to an increase in the import of oil and fertilizers as a result of the Russia-Ukraine War.

• During the first five months (April-August) of the fiscal year 2022–23 (FY23), bilateral trade between India and Russia jumped to a record high of USD 18,229.03 billion.  
• Of the USD 18,229.03 million, imports made up USD 17,236.29 million, while exports to Russia were just USD 992.73 million.

The United States (US) emerged as India’s biggest trading partner from April – August of FY23, with a trade volume of USD 57,632.37 million.
Top 6 countries with the highest volumes of trade with India: April – August of FY23

Bilateral Trade: India & Russia  
i.In addition to consumer goods like coffee & tea, spices, animal & vegetable fats, India’s import from Russia includes petroleum oil, other fuel-related items, and fertilizers.

• In the months of June, July, and August of 2022, imports from Russia increased by more than 500% year over year.
• However, over 91% of bilateral trade in 2022 has so far been in fertilizers and fuel.
• In September 2022, Russia became India’s second-largest crude oil supplier.

ii.Russia’s share of India’s oil imports increased from 1% in February 2022 (before the Ukraine war) to 21% by September 2022.

• Since the Russia-Ukraine war, Russia has been offering substantial discounts on crude, which has led India to increase its purchases of Russian oil.
• India has hesitated joining the Western sanctions on Russia, prioritizing domestic energy security over international issues.

iii.Fuel oil imports from Russia increased, climbing from an average of nearly 60,000 barrels per day (bpd) in the first quarter of 2022 to nearly 100,000 bpd in September 2022.
iv.India has also been a big buyer of Russian fertilizers.

• From April to June 2022, India’s imports of fertilizers from Russia increased by 666.24% to USD 1,236.96 million in April-August 2022, up from USD 161.43 million in 2021, making Russia as India’s top supplier.
• Fertilizer, unlike oil, is not included in the US sanctions imposed on Russia.

Note:

• 85% of India’s petroleum needs are met through imports.
• India is the third-largest consumer and importer of oil globally.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS      

Stanford University rankings 2022 : Nine experts from Puducherry in World’s Top Scientist list
As per the recent 2022 Stanford University rankings, scientists in Puducherry are listed among the top scientists in the world.

• Jipmer Director Rakesh Aggarwal (Gastroenterology and Hepatology), former Jipmer chief and now Vice-Chancellor of Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth university Subhash Chandra Parija (Tropical Medicine) and Devinder Mohan Thappa (Dermatology and VD), Jipmer, are among Stanford’s top 2% scientists’ 2022 list.

List of Puducherry scientists from India: 

Key Points:
i. The Stanford University rankings were launched in 2019 as a method to categorise scientists worldwide into 176 sub-fields and 22 main fields.
ii. More than 2 lakh experts working in diverse fields of research are included in the top 2% of scientists worldwide; 3,796 of these scientists are from India.
Note: On the basis of thorough data over the previous 25 years, Stanford compiles career-wise rankings.

IIT Madras Wins National Intellectual Property Awards 2021 & 2022
Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT Madras) has been conferred the National Intellectual Property(IP) Awards 2021 and 2022 by the Government of India for being the top Indian Academic Institution for patents filing, grants and commercialisation.
i.The award is presented by the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade(DPIIT), Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India.
ii.Union Minister of Commerce and Industry, Piyush Goyal presented the award to Prof. V. Kamakoti, Director, IIT Madras, at a function held in New Delhi, Delhi on 15th October 2022.
iii.The award included a trophy, citation and a cash prize of Rs. 1 lakh.
iv.The main criteria of evaluation for these awards are Patent Applications, Grants and Commercialization.  

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS       

Pradeep Singh Kharola appointed CMD of India Trade Promotion Organization

On 19th October 2022, The Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions has appointed Former Civil Aviation Secretary Pradeep Singh Kharola as Chairman and Managing Director(CMD) of India Trade Promotion Organization (ITPO) on a contract basis for two years from 19th October 2022.

• Kharola, a 1985 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the Karnataka cadre, retired as the civil aviation secretary in September 2021. Presently, he is the chairman of the National Recruitment Agency(NRA).
• In September 2022, Commerce Secretary BVR Subrahmanyam had been given additional charge of Chairman and Managing Director of India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) due to the completion of the tenure of incumbent LC Goyal, a retired IAS officer of 1979 batch belonging to Kerala cadre but Subrahmanyam declined.

OBITUARY

French Painter Pierre Soulages Passed away
On 25th October 2022, French painter Pierre Soulages Passed away at the age of 102
i.He was Born in 1919, Rodez, France.
ii.He was famous for experimenting with different shades of black and was an icon of post-World War II European abstract art.
iii.He had worked exclusively with black since 1979, notably in a series of works called “Outrenoir”, or “Beyond Black”.
iv.Soulages museum was dedicated to the work of Pierre Soulages , located in his native Rodez, France.

IMPORTANT DAYS

World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 2022- October 27The United Nations (UN)’s World Day for Audiovisual Heritage (WDAH) is annually observed across the globe on October 27  to recognise those professionals and organisations who work in audiovisual preservation and contribute to preserving the heritage for future generations.

• The World Day for Audiovisual Heritage is an initiative of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Coordinating Council of Audiovisual Archives Associations (CCAAA).

i. The theme of World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 2022 is “Enlisting documentary heritage to promote inclusive, just and peaceful societies”.
ii. World Day for Audiovisual Heritage 2022 is celebrated in conjunction with the 30th anniversary of the Memory of the World(MoW) Program. The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) celebrates the 30th anniversary of MoW from 27th October to 5th November 2022.
iii.In October 2005, UNESCO adopted the resolution (33 C/Resolution 53) during the 33rd session of UNESCO’s General Conference and proclaimed the 27th October of every year as  World Day for Audiovisual Heritage (WDAH).
iv.2005 UNESCO General Assembly approved the WDAH to mark the 25th anniversary of UNESCO’s “Recommendation for the Safeguarding and Preservation of Moving Images” adopted by the 21st General Conference on 27th October 1980.

• The first-ever World Day for Audiovisual Heritage was observed on 27th October 2006.

About the Coordinating Council of Audiovisual Archives Associations (CCAAA):
Chair- Mary Egan
Members- 9
Establishment- 1981
About the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):
Director-General- Audrey Azoulay
Headquarters- Paris, France
Members- 193 Members & 11 Associate Members
>> Read Full News

76th Infantry Day – 27th October 2022 The Indian Army annually observes the 27th October as Infantry Day to commemorate the contributions of the Infantry, the largest fighting arm of the Indian Army.
The day marks the anniversary of the 1st military event of Independent India which took place in the Kashmir Valley against Pakistani invaders on 27th October 1947.

• 27th October 2022 marks the observance of the 76th Infantry Day. 
• In 2022, the Indian Army and the Air Force celebrate the 27th October as “Shaurya Diwas”, since the day also marks the golden jubilee celebration of the Kashmir Air Base of the Indian Air Force.

>> Read Full News

STATE NEWS

Assam & USAID Launched a Program to Increase Tree Coverage in AssamIn October 2022, the Department of Environment and Forests, the Government of Assam and the United States(U.S.) Agency for International Development (USAID) launched the “Trees Outside Forests in India (TOFI)” program to increase tree coverage in Assam.

• The programme will bring together the farmers, companies, private institutions and others to rapidly expand the tree coverage outside the traditional forests in Assam.

Key Points:
i.The TOFI program will support the global climate change mitigation and adaptation goals by enhancing carbon sequestration, supporting the local communities and strengthening the climate resilience of Agriculture.
ii.As demonstrated in Assam’s state action plan on climate Change,the establishment of the Assam Agroforestry development Board(AADB) has given high priority to the expansion of tree cover outside forest areas.
iii.TOFI will improve the resilience of the farming systems through agroforestry, or integrating trees into farming systems.
iv.In partnership with  Assam’s Environment and Forest Department and AADB, this program will also increase the income of farmers in Assam.
About TOFI:
i.The Trees Outside Forests in India program was launched by the Leena Nandan Secretary of the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change and  U.S. Chargé d’Affaires Patricia Lacina in September 2022.
ii.The program will allocate around USD 25 million in 7 Indian states, Assam, Andhra Pradesh, Haryana, Odisha, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and Uttar Pradesh to increase tree coverage outside forest by 2.8 million hectares.
iii.TOFI also contributes to India’s Nationally Determined Contribution target of creating an additional “carbon sink” of 2.5 to 3 billion tons of carbon dioxide equivalent by 2030.
iv.This program builds on enduring U.S.-India partnerships to tackle the climate crisis and bolster resilience in the face of climate threats and extreme weather events.

Odisha CM Naveen Patnaik Launches ‘SAFAL’ Common Credit Portal for FarmersOn 26th October 2022, Naveen Patnaik, Chief Minister (CM) of Odisha, launched a common credit portal ‘SAFAL‘ (Simplified Application for Agricultural Loans) for the welfare of farmers.

• SAFAL is India’s 1st online agricultural credit facilitation portal.
• It has a facility that will provide access to more than 300 Agriculture & Allied Sector loans from more than 40 banks for farmers and agribusiness owners.

Note: Credit options for farmers and agri-entrepreneurs can revolutionise through this application.
Key Highlights:
i. Farmers and agri-entrepreneurs can use the SAFAL to apply for formal sector credit from Public and Private Sector Banks, Regional Rural Banks, State Cooperative Banks, and Small Finance Banks in one place.

• This portal will ease the loan application process benefiting both the farmers and banks.

ii. By providing farmers with real-time notifications throughout the whole loan application process, it lessens information asymmetry.
iii. SAFAL will also ensure that programmes are created using data-backed design principles and give the government complete visibility of demand & disbursal of formal credit across states.
About Odisha:
Chief Minister (CM)- Naveen Patnaik
Governor- Ganeshi Lal
Wildlife Sanctuary- Satkosia Gorge sanctuary; Nandankanan sanctuary
Tiger Reserve- Similipal Tiger Reserve; Satkosia Tiger Reserve

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