Current Affairs 28 December 2022

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Ministry of power Signs MoU with DRDO for Implementing Early Warning SystemOn 27th December 2022 the Ministry of Power signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) for implementation of Early Warning System (EWS) for vulnerable hydro power projects, especially those that are located in upper reaches of Hilly regions.

• The MoU was signed by Alok Kumar, Secretary, Ministry of Power and Dr Samir V Kamat, Secretary, Department of Defence (R&D) & Chairman, DRDO.

Key highlights:
i.The Ministry of Power and DRDO will jointly work towards developing suitable mitigation measures against avalanches, landslides, glaciers, glacial lakes and other geo-hazards.
ii.Under the partnership, the expertise of DRDO will be utilised in developing a comprehensive Early Warning System in hilly regions.
iii.Separate and specific tasks will be formulated between DRDO and respective project developers in agreement with broad understanding.
About Early Warning System (EWS):
EWS is an integrated system of hazard monitoring, forecasting and prediction, disaster risk assessment, communication and preparedness for timely action to reduce disaster risks in advance of hazardous events.
Note – Ministry of Power has also signed other MoUs with the Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)’s National Geophysical Research Institute, the Indian Meteorological Department, the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology and the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)’s National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC).
About Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO):
Chairman –Dr. Samir V Kamath
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
About Ministry of Power:
Union Minister – R K Singh (Arrah Constituency, Bihar)
Minister of State (MoS) – Krishan Pal (Faridabad Constituency, Haryana)

10th Edition of the North East Festival begins in DelhiThe 10th Edition of the North East Festival(NEF) 2022 (from 23rd -26th December 2022) was held at the Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium in New Delhi, Delhi, to promote the culture and tourism of the region.

• Narayan Rane, Minister of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME), inaugurated the 4-day Festival at the stadium in Delhi.
• The festival aims to promote the diverse life, culture, traditions and tourism of the North East region.

Background: 
i. The origin of the North East Festival 1st came up in the year 2013-2014 when there were a lot of racial assaults committed against residents of North East India in Delhi.

• North East Festival Delhi launched its inaugural event in 2013.

ii. The first 7 editions of the festival were organised from 2013 to 2019 respectively at the Indira Gandhi National Centre for Arts (IGNCA), Janpath, New Delhi, Delhi.
iii. The last 2 editions were held in Guwahati, Assam, virtually due to the spike in COVID cases in Delhi.
North East Festival 2022:
i. North East Festival 2022 had a colourful dance drama, musical performances, fashion shows, open-mic sessions, interactive sessions, and art & photography exhibitions.
ii. They displayed handloom, jewellery manufactured by artisans, handicrafts, agricultural and horticultural products, and processed foods from the northeast.
iii. The festival provides an opportunity for entrepreneurs from North East regions especially women and Scheduled Caste & Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) entrepreneurs to showcase their skills, and products, and create new growth opportunities.

NMCG Executive Committee Approves projects for Developing Sewerage Infrastructure in Ganga BasinOn 23rd December 2022, National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG) Executive Committee approved 12 projects worth around Rs 2,700 crore  for developing sewerage infrastructure in the Ganga basin – Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal, with special focus on tributaries of Ganga.

• The projects were approved during the 46th meeting of the Executive Committee(EC) of NMCG organised under the chairmanship of G. Asok Kumar, Director General, NMCG on 23rd December 2022.

Attendees:
Himansu Badoni, Executive Director (Projects), NMCG, D.P. Mathuria, Executive Director (Finance), NMCG, S.P. Vashishtha, Executive Director, (Admin), NMCG, Bhaskar Dasgupta, Executive Director (Finance), NMCG, Mrs. Richa Misra, Joint Secretary and Financial Advisor, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Ministry of Jal Shakti, representation from states and senior officials of NMCG were also present during the meeting.
About National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG):
NMCG  is the central nodal agency for Ganga Rejuvenation in India
Director General – G Asok Kumar
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
>> Read Full News

Ujjwala Scheme: Rs 200 Subsidy per Cylinder to be Extended One More YearThe 2023-2024 Union Budget is set to extended the Rs 200 per cooking gas cylinder subsidy for 12 cylinders per year under Ujjwala Scheme for one more fiscal year. The budget may also extended the Ujjwala scheme beyond March 2023 to take domestic cooking gas to uncovered areas in states and attain the goal of 100% Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) coverage.
Note: 
The government of India also plans to continue the scheme that provides a free LPG cylinder, Rs. 1,600 (USD 19.33), a free first refill and a free gas stove to women in families living below the poverty line.
Key Points:

• The extension of the scheme for another fiscal aims to improve the penetration in north-east India.
• Meghalaya is the worst performer in India with an LPG coverage of 54.9%, followed by Tripura, Jharkhand and Gujarat.

About Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana:
i.Pradhan Mantri Ujjwala Yojana – PMUY (Ujjwala scheme) was first launched on 1st May 2016 in Ballia, Uttar Pradesh by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.
ii.The scheme was introduced by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas (MoPNG) as its flagship scheme.
iii.The objective of PMUY is to ensure that cooking fuel like LPG is available to the rural and deprived households which uses traditional cooking fuels such as firewood, coal, cow-dung cakes etc.
iv.The scheme aimed to release 8 Crore LPG connections to the deprived households by March 2022. The target was achieved on 7th December 2019.
v.Ujjwala 2.0 was launched on 10 August 2021 with an aim to reach the households missed out in the first phase.
vi.In May 2021, the government of India announced a Rs 200 subsidy of 12 cylinders per year to 90 million beneficiaries of the Ujjwala Scheme for FY23.

Botanical Gardens failed to conserve threatened plants despite Rs 48 crore budget: CAG reportAccording to the “Report of the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India for the year ended March 2021” (Financial Year 2020-2021) released on 23rd December 2022, Assistance to Botanic Garden (ABG) scheme of the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) with a budget of over Rs 48.07 crore was ineffective in conserving threatened and endemic plants in India.

• The ABG scheme was implemented through the Botanical Survey of India (BSI).

Note: 
Despite releasing a fund of Rs 73.35 lakh, Due to the ineffective monitoring and delay in the release of financial assistance by the MoEF&CC, no environmental benefits were achieved from a demonstration project.
About ABG Scheme: 
i.The Assistance to Botanic Garden (ABG) scheme was introduced in 1992 to promote ex-situ conservation and propagation of threatened and endemic plants
through a network of Botanic Gardens (BGs) and Centres of ex-situ conservation.
ii.The original guidelines of the ABG scheme were issued in July 2007 and was subsequently revised in May 2013.
iii.The scheme envisioned a network of Botanic gardens/botanic sections was envisioned in popular horticulture or thematic gardens across India and cover 40% of the civil districts of India by end of the 12th 5-year plan.
Amount sanctioned under ABG scheme: 
i.The total sanctioned amount of the scheme was Rs 48.07 crore since inception (1991-1992) up to March 2021.
ii.Rs 10.07 crore from the total amount was disbursed after 2013.
Key Points: 
i.The lead botanic gardens and botanic gardens could not form a network with each other and the gardens failed to generate knowledge and exchange plant materials of the species
Due to non-multiplication of targeted plant species, the species could not be distributed to other organisations for re-introduction.
ii.The gardens also failed to develop propagation techniques, which also affected the conservation efforts.
Additional info: 
MoEF&CC approved a lab-cum-demonstration project titled “Sequential production of Bio-Diesel, Bio-Ethanol, Bio-Hydrogen and Methane from leather solid wastes and effluent treatment sludges” to Central Leather Research Institute(CLRI), Chennai, Tamil Nadu at a total project cost of Rs 77.11 lakh.

• The project was approved in Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode

Objective: To demonstrate the treatment of leather waste in an environmentally sustainable manner.

• The project envisaged delivery of environmental benefits like effective solid waste management techniques for tanneries, better pollution abatement techniques, avoidance of groundwater contamination and efficient greenhouse emission control techniques.

Only 1 unit of a bio-diesel recovery had been established in March 2018 against the expected physical outputs of four distinct fuel recovery units.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

CEBR’s WELT 2023: India to rise to 3rd in WELT by 2037 from 5th in 2022i.According to the World Economic League Table (WELT) 2023  released by the Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR), India is set to rise from 5th place on the WELT in 2022 to 3rd in the global rankings by 2037. WELT 2023 is the 14th edition.
ii.India is ranked 5th in WELT 2022 and it is projected to remain the 5th in WELT 2023.
iii.United States of America(USA) has topped the WELT in 2022 followed by China, Japan and Germany in 2nd, 3rd and 4th rank.
iv.India overtook the UK to become the world’s 5th largest economy in 2021. It has consolidated this position and is forecast to overtake Germany to become the world’s 4th largest economy in 2027 and to overtake Japan to become the world’s 3rd largest economy in 2032 and 2037.
About Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR):
Chairman– Martin Piers
Headquarters– London, United Kingdom (UK)
>> Read Full News

BANKING & FINANCE

SEBI expands Committees on Cyber Security and Information SystemOn December 26, 2022, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) expanded its High Powered Steering Committee on Cyber Security (HPSC-CS) and Information Systems Security Committee (ISSC) to strengthen cyber security frameworks and cyber resilience requirements:
i.High Powered Steering Committee on Cyber Security (HPSC-CS)
This committee has been expanded to 8 members from 6 members. It will continue to be chaired by Navin Kumar Singh, Director General (DG) at National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre (NCIIPC).
ii.Information Systems Security Committee (ISSC)
SEBI also expanded its panel on Information Systems Security Committee (ISSC) to 7 members which will continue to be chaired by Prof H. Krishnamurthy, IISc, Bengaluru.
About Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI):
Chairperson– Madhabi Puri Buch
Headquarters– Mumbai, Maharashtra
Establishment– 1992
>> Read Full News

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

NTPC and Tecnimont sign MOU to develop Green Methanol Production Facility
NTPC Limited (formerly known as National Thermal Power Corporation Limited) has signed a non-binding Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Mumbai (Maharashtra) headquartered Tecnimont Private Limited (TCMPL), an Indian Subsidiary of Maire Tecnimont Group, Italy.
Objective:
To jointly evaluate and explore the possibility to develop commercial scale Green Methanol Production facility at NTPC project in India.
Key Points:
i.The scope of the Green Methanol Project includes capturing the carbon emission from the NTPC Power plants and converting them into green fuel.
ii.Green Methanol has a wide range of applications, including serving as a base material for the chemical industry, storing renewable electricity, and even as a transportation fuel. It is also considered as a substitute fuel for maritime fuel applications.
iii.This project along with NTPCs under execution pilot scale Green Methanol project are in line with NTPC’s commitment to sustainability and renewable energy. These will contribute to India’s energy transition.
About NTPC Limited:
Established in 1975, NTPC became a Maharatna company in May 2010. NTPC function under the Ministry of Power.
Chairman & Managing Director– Gurdeep Singh
Headquartered– New Delhi, Delhi

L&T secures multiple EPC orders in India and abroadLarsen and Toubro (L&T) Construction’s Power Transmission & Distribution (PT&D) business vertical has secured multiple Engineering, Procurement, and Construction (EPC) orders worth about Rs 2500 crore in India and overseas.

• L&T Construction is a division of L&T Limited, a major Indian technology, engineering, construction, manufacturing and financial services conglomerate.

According to L&T, orders worth Rs 1,000 crore to Rs 2,500 crore are classified as “Significant”.
About the Orders: 
Indian market: 
i. The orders include establishing a 90 Megawatt (MW) Floating Solar PV (photovoltaic) plant at the Omkareshwar dam reservoir in Madhya Pradesh

• Omkareshwar dam reservoir- It is a large water body without much change in the water level throughout the year.
• One of the world’s largest floating solar farms is developing in this water body.

ii. Additionally, the Business will seek to enhance distribution infrastructure in western Uttar Pradesh as part of the updated reforms-linked distribution plan.
iii. Asset mapping with a Geospatial Information System (GIS) is included in the scope of this loss reduction solution.
Overseas market: 
i. L&T received an order to establish 400 kilovolt (kV) and 225 kV transmission lines in North Africa.
ii. L&T has also won an order to build a 132kV substation in the coastal town of Bintulu in Sarawak, Malaysia.
Note: L&T is an Indian multinational engaged in EPC projects, hi-tech manufacturing and services. It operates in over 50 countries globally.

Tata Steel & TuTr Hyperloop Join Hands to Develop Hyperloop Technology

Tata Steel and TuTr Hyperloop signed an agreement to jointly work on the development and deployment of hyperloop technology. The partnership seeks to design, develop, and scale up the technology for commercialization that focuses on key challenges of design and materials selection.

• The Phase-I work will take place on the 50-metre test track at IIT Madras and subsequently, the work to achieve a 10-km track will be completed in Phase-II and Phase-III involving a consortium of other industry partners from the automotive, construction and engineering sectors.
• Hyperloop is a future option for high-speed, low cost, sustainable transport system for both passengers and cargo, having key elements that includes tubes, pods, propulsion systems, and track.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS        

Prabhu Chandra Mishra Honoured with Atal Samman Award in NewDelhiPrabhu Chandra Mishra received the Atal Samman Award (Atal Anveshi Shikhara Samman) during the 9th Atal Samman Samaroh, on the birth anniversary of former Prime Minister (PM) Atal Bihari Vajpayee at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi.

• He was honoured with the award for his excellence in the field of science and research.

Attendees:
Member of Parliament and actor Manoj Tiwari, Santhosh Tanden, former National Vice President of BJP and patron of the ceremony Shyam Jaju, Member of Legislative Assembly (MLA) Ajay Mahawar, Vice Chairman of the ceremony Neeraj Gupta were present on the occasion.
Key highlights:
i.He has worked in areas of stem cell and regenerative medicines in infertility, especially when In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) also fails.

• Under his work, diseases such as premature ovarian failure, thin endometrium and Asherman syndrome have shown good results through one’s own body cells.

ii.He is the president of the international Association of stem cell & regenerative medicine (IASRM) and ace Regenerative Medicine scientist.

• IASRM also conducts training programmes in Regenerative Medicines to create awareness to community and health care providers.

iii.He has written book on stem cells, name “Stem and Regenerative Medicines in Infertility

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS  

Anil Kumar Lahoti Appointed as CEO & Chairman of Railway BoardThe Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) headed by Prime Minister(PM) Narendra Modi has approved the appointment of Anil Kumar Lahoti as the Chief Executive Officer(CEO) and Chairman of the Railway board succeeding the incumbent Vinay Kumar Tripathi, who is set to retire on 31st December 2022.

• Anil Kumar Lahoti will assume the charge of the new role from 1st January 2023. 
• This is the 1st appointment of the Railway Board chief after the government notified the integrated railway service, Indian Railway Management Service (IRMS).

Note: On 17th December 2022, the Ministry of Railways appointed him as a Member (Infrastructure) of the Railway Board.
About Anil Kumar Lahoti: 
i.Anil Kumar Lahoti, an Indian Railway Service of Engineers (IRSE)officer of the 1984 batch, hails from Guna, Madhya Pradesh (MP).
ii.He was posted as divisional railway manager (DRM) at Lucknow Division of Northern Railways between 2015 and 2017.
iii.He has served in various positions in Nagpur, Jabalpur and Bhusaval divisions of Indian Railways. He has also served as principal chief engineer of North Central Railway and. Chief Administrative Officer (CAO) of Northern Railway
iv.In 2021 he was appointed as the General Manager of the Central Railways.
Note – His elder brother Justice RC Lahoti was the 35th Chief Justice of India (CJI).
About Railway Board:
The Railway Board consists of Chairman and 4 other members including,

• Member (Infrastructure) – Sudhanshu Sharma;
• Member (Traction & Rolling Stock) – D C Sharma;
• Member (Operations & Business Development) – Sanjay Kumar Mohanty;
• Member (Finance) – Mohit Sinha

About Ministry of Railways (MoR):
Union Minister –  Ashwini Vaishnaw (Rajya Sabha Constituency – Odisha)
Minister of State (MoS) – Raosaheb Patil Danve, Darshana Jardosh

Santosh Yadav appointed NHAI Chairman & Subhasish Panda to be DDA’s Vice Chairman 

On 26th December 2022, According to the Ministry Of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions order (MoPP&P), Santosh Kumar Yadav, a 1995-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the Uttar Pradesh cadre, was appointed as Chairman of the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) under the Ministry of Road Transport & Highways.

• Santosh Kumar Yadav is currently an Additional Secretary in the Department of School Education and Literacy, Ministry of Education (MoE).

Subhasish Panda, a 1997-batch IAS officer of the Himachal Pradesh cadre, has been appointed as Vice Chairman of the Delhi Development Authority (DDA).
MoPP&P Other Appointments:
i. Ganji Kamala V Rao, a 1990-batch IAS officer of the Kerala cadre, has been appointed as Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.
ii. Hitesh Kumar S Makwana was appointed as Additional Secretary of the Ministry of Home Affairs.
iii. Rajneesh, a 1997-batch IAS officer of the Himachal Pradesh cadre, will be the Additional Secretary and development commissioner of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (M/o MSME).
About the Ministry Of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions order (MoPP&P):
Minister- Narendra Modi (Constituency- Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh)
Minister of State- Dr Jitendra Singh (Constituency- Udhampur, Jammu and Kashmir)            

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

IIT Guwahati, IIT Bombay & European Universities Partners to build Sensor for Water Quality

Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati and IIT Bombay in collaboration with European universities work towards building a low-cost technology to check the quality of potable and other water in India.

• ‘LOTUS Indo-European project’ is an initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and The European Commission aims at providing solutions for issues related to the quality of water supplied across Indian households and worldwide.
• LOTUS stands for LOw-cost innovative Technology for water quality monitoring and water resources management for Urban and rural water Systems in India

LOTUS Indo-European project:
i.A core element of the project is a novel water quality sensor that builds on the previous work done at Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France.

• Further developments have been made to the sensor during the project by researchers at Université Gustave Eiffel in collaboration with IIT Guwahati and the SME EGM, Sophia Antipolis, France.

ii.The lotus sensors are expected to meet the needs of the Indian Water Industries since the LOTUS water quality sensor requirements were established after collecting information from Indian water utility owners, operators, end users, and research and development experts.

• This project is in line with the vision of the Jal Jeevan Mission of the government of India and its Make-in-India initiative and it shall provide a low-cost water quality monitoring and safe drinking water supply solution to the Indian citizens.

iii.IIT Guwahati collaborates with Linxens India Private Limited and Hydroscope Technology Private Limited, for the commercial production of the sensor for the Indian market.
Features:
i.The core of the LOTUS sensor consists of a chip with carbon nanotube-based sensing elements that are capable of measuring multiple quality parameters such as Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Potential of Hydrogen (pH), chlorine, and arsenic.
ii.Other components of the system include a software that enables water quality monitoring and safe water supply in the piped water network and tanker supply systems.

• In addition, a portable solar-operated disinfectant system integrated with a water quality controller and another software for the optimisation of the water supply in irrigation, are also added to the system.

About LOTUS:
i.LOTUS is a project funded by DG Environment under the European Union Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme and by the Government of India (GoI).
ii.It brings together EU and other Indian organisations with an aim to co-create, co-design and co-develop innovative robust affordable low-cost sensing solutions for enhancing India’s water and sanitation challenges in both rural and urban area.

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Day of Epidemic Preparedness 2022 – December 27United Nations (UN)’s International Day of Epidemic Preparedness is annually observed across the globe on December 27 to raise awareness of the importance of prevention of, preparedness for, and collaboration against epidemics.

• 27th December 2022 marks the observance of the 3rd International Day of Epidemic Preparedness.

Background:
i. The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/75/27 on 7th December 2020 and declared December 27 of every year as International Day of Epidemic Preparedness.
ii. The 1st International Day of Epidemic Preparedness was observed on 27th December 2020.
About the World Health Organization (WHO):
Director General- Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus
Headquarters- Geneva, Switzerland
Establishment- 1948
>> Read Full News

STATE NEWS

Uttarakhand CM Pushkar Singh Dhami launches SBI Foundation and HESCO’s Project 

On 24th December 2022, Pushkar Singh Dhami, Chief Minister (CM) of Uttarakhand, launched the ‘Climate Resilient Livelihoods for Disaster Prone Region of Uttarakhand‘ project helping Chamoli’s (Uttarakhand) villages fight climate change.
Aim:
i. To promote equitable economic and ecological development in 10 disaster-prone villages in the Joshimath block of Chamoli district, Uttarakhand.
ii. To achieve the important balance by encouraging a variety of livelihoods, such as horticulture, ecotourism, bio-agriculture, agriculture, and environmental protection measures.
Key Points:
i. The project is designed by the collaboration of the SBI Foundation, the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) arm of the State Bank of India (SBI), and Himalayan Environmental Studies and Conservation (HESCO).
ii. SBI General Insurance Company Limited is providing financial support for the project, which will be carried out over 3 years until May 2025.
Climate Resilient Livelihoods for Disaster Prone Region of Uttarakhand:
i. Uttarakhand, an ecologically fragile and disaster-prone state, has been experiencing the impacts of climate change such as changing seasons, less snowfall, flash floods and unpredictable rainfall in recent years.
ii. Due to their small and dispersed land holdings, about 70% of the population in mountain districts is dependent on agriculture for their survival.
iii. In order to reduce the risk of climate change, these problems highlight the urgent need to adopt a comprehensive development model that not only ensures economic viability but also defends environmental sustainability.
About Uttarakhand:
Chief Minister- Pushkar Singh Dhami
Governor- Gurmit Singh
National Park- Rajaji National Park; Gangotri National Park

Home Ministry Gives NOC for Name Change of 2 Places in UP

On 27th December 2022 the Union Home Ministry gave its consent to change the names of two places in Uttar Pradesh (UP) following recommendations from the UP government.

• The ‘No-Objection’ certificates (NOC) were issued by the Home ministry, after taking consent from the Ministry of Railways, Department of Posts and the Survey of India.
• The names were changed for the municipal council ‘Mundera Baazar’ in Gorakhpur district to ‘Chauri-Chaura’ and ‘Telia Afghan’ village in Deoria district to ‘Telia Shukla’.

Note – The states shall be renamed through the amendment of the Constitution with a simple majority in Parliament.

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