What is this?
Conjuctions-In grammar, a conjunction is a part of speech that connects words, sentences, phrases, or clauses.
Why important ?
from Exam point of view,it is important because they are useful in Spotting errors.These are sometimes wrongly used and sometimes not in pair.
1.either…or
Hindi– Ya to ye ya vo
Use : used in a sentence in the affirmative sense when referring to a choice between two possibilities
Sentence : You can either sing or dance in the show.
Note : Verb is always used according to last Subject.
Example- ~Either Seema or Nisha is going to dance( Nisha-singular .so,” is”)
~Either the coach or players are going to stage. (players-plural. so,”are”)
~Their mortgage will be repaid if either of them dies (One or the other of two people or things)
~It won’t do any harm, but won’t really help either (Used to indicate a similarity or link with a statement just made)
2.neither…nor
Hindi– Na to ye na to wo
Use : used in a sentence in the negative sense when referring to a choice between two possibilities
Rest is same like case of Either -do it urself-
3.not only…but (also)
Hindi-Keval itana hī nahi, balki ye bhi
Use-We use not only X but also Y in formal contexts
Example ~ The car not only is economical but also feels good to drive.
Note~ sometimes in spotting errors in place of “not only” , “only not”is given,that is error part
~sometime given like- Sita dance not only but also sings good.( dance before not only is wrong,action comes after not only)
3.whether…or
Hindi-Chahe ya
Use-Used to link alternatives
Example~ It doesn’t matter whether the theory is right or wrong.
4.no sooner…than
Hindi– Koi jaldi nai, Jaise hi
Use-Used to convey that the second event mentioned happens immediately after the first:
Example ~She had no sooner spoken than the telephone rang
5.rather…than
Hindi-Bjaaye
Use-Used to indicate one’s preference in a particular matter
Example ~she’d rather die than cause a scene
6.as…as
Hindi-Jitna ki
Use-For comparison
Example~She is as sweet as sugar
7.lest
Hindi- tah-ki , aesa na ho ki,nai to,warna
Use-With the intention of preventing (something undesirable); to avoid the risk of.
Example~ he spent whole days in his room, wearing headphones lest he disturb anyone .
8.Even though vs Even if
Hindi– dono ka” bhle hi”
Use-These two are not equivalent. Even though is used to introduce a condition which currently is true, while even if introduces a hypothetical condition that is not yet true.
Example~I’m going to the park even though it’s raining. Â [raining right now]Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â ~I’m going to the park even if it’s raining.[it’s not yet raining]
9.Despite Vs In spite
Hindi– K Bavjood
USe-Despite means “even though,” “notwithstanding,” or “regardless of.” It’s the opposite of “because of/due to,” and can be used with a noun or gerund.In spite of means exactly the same thing and is used exactly the same way as despite.
Example-She had difficulty communicating in Hindi despite all her years of study.
She had difficulty communicating in Hindi In spite of all her years of study.
10.Beside Vs Besides
Hindi– Beside- Paas ,ki tulna me
Besides-or bhi,k ilawa
Use-Beside-At the side of; next to:
besides means In addition to; apart from
Examples~he sat beside me in the front seat.
~besides being a player, he was my friend
11. Until
Hindi– Jab Tak
Use-Up to (the point in time or the event mentioned)
Example~You don’t know what you can achieve until you try
12.Unless
Hindi-Jab tak na
Use-Except if (used to introduce the case in which a statement being made is not true or valid)
Example-You’ll be sick unless you stop eating.
NOTE: unless has negative meaning,so sentence followed by it will never having “not/never”
useful in error spotting