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What is the cause for decrease in the forest cover in India?
Forests are not formed in a single day , it takes ample time for their growth. India is proudly standing at number 10 rank for is forest cover globally but the situation is different as acknowledged. India’s forest cover has declined by 367 sq km between 2007 and 2009. The largest loss faced is by north east which is approx 550 square kms. According to recent study , the forest cover of India is 7,08,273 sqkm or 24.39% of total area of India. It seems that in last two years it has increased by 1 percent but very dense and mid dense forests are wiping off which is a matter of worry.
The major cause of this decrease can be acclaimed by rise in population. Since India ranks second in world population , there is no doubt that it needs more infrastructure , food , clothing , shelter etc. Trees have been cut off to meet all the needs of the increasing population, to expand the land for constructions. India being country of villages has large scale use of wood fuel, which meets 40% of energy needs of the country. Also , cutting of trees for commercial purposes like fire wood and building material, timber for furniture and other pulps for papers. Mining , on the other hand , causes environmental impacts like erosion, formation of sinkholes, loss of biodiversity, and contamination of soil, groundwater and surface water by chemicals from mining processes.
Other major cause is Industrialization and Urbanization which needs land to grow, so major amount of forest lands are cut in order to promote Industrialization and Urbanization. This creates harmful effect on environment and forest ecological balance. For building big dams, large scale devastation of forests takes place which breaks the natural ecological balance of the region. Floods, droughts and landslides become more prevalent in such areas. Forests are the repositories of invaluable gifts of nature in the form of biodiversity and by destroying these we are going to lose these species even before knowing them. Even overgrazing has also been a cause for decrease in forest cover as it occurs when plants are exposed to intensive grazing for extended periods of time, or without sufficient recovery periods. Overgrazing reduces the usefulness, productivity, and biodiversity of the land and is one cause of desertification and erosion.
Therefore , steps need to be taken to solve this issue. Mixed farming should be promoted. Other alternatives for making paper should be envisaged. The area of mining should be properly allocated and limitation should be put to it. Industries should come together and take initiatives and promote afforestation.
