Current Affairs 8 April 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of President of Chile Gabriel Boric’s Visit to India from April 1 to 5, 2025President of the Republic of Chile, Gabriel Boric Font was paid an official five-day visit to India from 1st to 5th April 2025, at the invitation of Prime Minister (PM) of India Narendra Modi, to further strengthen the 76 years of diplomatic relations between India and Chile.

• This is his first visit to India, accompanied by a high-powered delegation comprising cabinet ministers, parliamentarians, senior officials, and a large business delegation.

i.During his visit, the President of Chile held bilateral discussions with PM Modi and the President of India, Droupadi Murmu, in New Delhi, Delhi.He also held bilateral talks with the Minister of External Affairs Minister (EAM), Dr. S. Jaishankar.
ii.PM Narendra Modi and the President of Chile witnessed the signing of key Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs), including on Antarctica cooperation, space, disability, and mineral resources.
iii.India and Chile held a Mining Industry Round Table  to strengthen cooperation in the mining sector, with a focus on key minerals like copper, lithium, and other critical resources.
About the Republic of Chile:
President– Gabriel Boric Font
Capital– Santiago
Currency– Peso
>> Read Full News

Union Minister Rajnath Singh Flags Off INS Sunayna for IOS SAGAR Mission in  KarnatakaIn April 2025, Union Minister Rajnath Singh, Ministry of Defence (MoD), flagged off the Indian Navy (IN)’s Offshore Patrol Vessel (OPV) Indian Naval Ship (INS) Sunayna as part of the Indian Ocean Ship (IOS) SAGAR (Security and Growth for All in the Region) mission from Karwar Naval Base, Karnataka.

• The flag-off took place on the 10th anniversary of SAGAR which was launched in 2015 and National Maritime Day(on April 5, 2025).
• Union Minister Rajnath Singh highlighted PM Modi’s MAHASAGAR (Mutual and Holistic Advancement for Security and Growth Across Regions) initiative, stating it will take SAGAR’s vision forward with wider and stronger cooperation.

Key Attendees:
The flagging-off event was attended by Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) General Anil Chauhan, Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) Admiral Dinesh K Tripathi,  Rajesh Kumar Singh, Secretary, MoD and other senior officials.
Key Points:
i.The ship, INS Sunayna, has 44 naval personnel from nine friendly countries present on board – Comoros, Kenya, Madagascar, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Seychelles, Sri Lanka (SL) and Tanzania.
ii.During its journey, INS Sunayna will visit Dar-es-Salaam (Tanzania), Nacala (Mozambique), Port Louis (Mauritius), and Port Victoria (Seychelles), where the international crew will participate in training sessions and apply skills learned at naval schools in Kochi, Kerala.
ii.The training includes activities such as: Firefighting and damage control, Visit, board, search and seizure (VBSS), Bridge and engine room operations, Seamanship and boat handling,Switchboard management.
Inaugurates Rs 2,000-Crore Facilities Under Project Seabird:
Union Minister Rajnath Singh also inaugurated important parts of Project Seabird, which is India’s biggest naval infrastructure project and valued at over Rs 2,000 crore.

• The project is being developed over nearly 11,000 acres and is set to become the largest naval base in Asia once completed.

i.The minister opened key facilities including seven piers, around 400 residential units, and main infrastructure such as roads and bridges that will link different sections of the base.
ii.He also took part in the Phase 1 of the Naval Commanders’ Conference in Karwar, Karnataka and reviewed the newly developed facilities at the site.

Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025 Gets President Draupadi Murmu Assent, becomes LawIn April 2025, the President of India, Draupadi Murmu gave assent to ‘Immigration and Foreigners Bill, 2025’ which deals with issues related to foreigner and immigration and it was subsequently notified through a gazette notification, with this, the bill has now become a new law.

• The primary objective of this new act is to enhance national security, control immigration procedures, and introduce stringent penalties on foreigners who violate entry and stay conditions.
• The new act has repealed 4 British- colonial era laws, including the Foreigners Act, 1946; the Passport (Entry into India) Act, 1920; the Registration of Foreigners Act, 1939; and the Immigration (Carriers’ Liability) Act, 2000.

i.The Act has specified that any foreigner who poses threat to national security, sovereignty or the integrity of India will not be allowed into the country or will be denied the permission to stay in India.
ii.As per the Act, foreigners on their arrival in India are required to register with a Registration Officer. It also contains certain provisions which may restrict their movement, name changes, and access to protected and restricted areas.
iii.The Act has provision to impose penalties on foreigners entering without valid passport or other travel documents with maximum imprisonment of 5 years, fine up to Rs 5 lakh or both.
About Ministry of Home Affairs(MHA):
Union Minister– Amit Shah (Constituency- Gandhinagar, Gujarat)
Minister of State (MoS)- Nityanand Rai (Constituency- Ujiarpur, Bihar); Bandi Sanjay Kumar (Constituency- Karimnagar, Telangana)
>> Read Full News

PM Narendra Modi Inaugurates Rs. 8,300 Crore Development Projects in TNIn April 2025, the Prime Minister (PM) of India, Narendra Modi, laid the foundation stone and inaugurated multiple rail and road development projects worth over Rs 8,300 crore in Rameswaram, located in Ramanathapuram district, Tamil Nadu (TN).

• These developments reflect the Government of India(GoI)’s commitment to modernizing infrastructure and promoting economic growth in TN.

i.PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the New Pamban Rail Bridge, India’s first vertical lift sea bridge, connecting Rameswaram Island with Mandapam on the mainland in TN, replacing the old British-era bridge.
ii.PM Modi flagged off a new train service between Rameswaram and Tambaram (Chennai) in TN from the road bridge.

• He also  aid the foundation stone and dedicated completed infrastructure under National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) in TN worth over Rs 8,300 crore.

About Tamil Nadu (TN):
Chief Minister (CM) – Muthuvel Karunanidhi (M.K.) Stalin
Governor – Ravindra Narayana (R.N.) Ravi
Capital – Chennai
National Parks – Mukurthi National Park, Mudumalai National Park
>> Read Full News

NSO Unveils Digital initiatives to Strengthen India’s Statistical SystemIn April 2025, the National Statistical Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) has introduced transformative digital initiatives –  revamped Microdata Portal, the web site of NSSTA(National Statistical System Training Academy) and Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML)-Based Classification Tool to modernize India’s statistical infrastructure.

• These initiatives are announced during the ‘Conference of State Government Ministers on Strengthening of Statistical Systems’ held at Vigyan Bhawan, New Delhi, aim to enhance data accessibility, accuracy, and policy relevance.
• These initiatives will support the overall goal of building a Viksit Bharat (Developed India).

i.Revamped Microdata Portal is a centralized digital repository providing access to extensive statistical datasets from national surveys and economic censuses.
ii.NSSTA websiteis a web platform that centralizes information related to capacity-building initiatives under MoSPI.
iii.AI/ML-Based Classification Tool is a Proof of Concept (PoC) tool developed to assist in the automated classification of economic activities based on the National Industrial Classification (NIC) system.
About National Statistical Systems Training Academy (NSSTA):
Additional Director General(ADG) – Kishor Baburao Surwade
Established – 2009
Headquarters – Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, UP
>> Read Full News

IA’s White Tiger Division Conducts Air Defence Drill with OSA-AK-9K33 Missiles in OdishaIn March 2025, the Indian Army’s (IA’s) White Tiger Division, under the Southern Command, successfully conducted a live air defence missile firing drill using the OSA-AK (9K33) missile system at the Gopalpur Seawards Firing Ranges, Odisha.

• The exercise showcased the operational readiness of the Army Air Defence (AAD) of IA and achieved 100% accuracy against Maneuverable Expendable Aerial Targets (MEAT).
• This drill was conducted by the (Pune, Maharashtra) based Sudarshan Chakra Corps to demonstrate operational readiness and enhance combat preparedness in modern warfare scenarios.

About OSA-AK (9K33) Missile System:
i.The OSA-AK, also known by its North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) designation SA-8 Gecko, is a low-altitude, short-range surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by the Soviet Union in the 1960s and inducted in 1972.
ii.It has a length of about 9.14 meters (m), a width of 2.75 m, and a weight of up to 17.5 tonnes (t) and can hit targets up to a maximum range of 12 kilometers (km).
iii.It can carry up to five crew members and is fitted with a nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) protection system.
iv.Uses Transporter-Erector-Launcher and Radar (TELAR) configuration, enabling it to detect, track, and engage aerial threats independently.
v.Fully amphibious, air-transportable, and capable of operating in diverse terrains with a road range of 500 km.
About Indian Army (IA):
Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) – General Upendra Dwivedi
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Established – 1895

IA Successfully Demonstrates MUM-T Capability During Exercise SARVSHAKTI
On April 5, 2025, the Indian Army (IA) successfully demonstrated the Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) capability during Exercise SARVSHAKTI, conducted by the Trishakti Corps in India’s Eastern Theatre.

• The exercise showcased the integration of drones, autonomous systems, and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled platforms in tactical-level military operations.
• It aims to enhance interoperability, rapid decision-making, and battlefield awareness for Multi-Domain Operations (MDO).

i.Manned-Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) refers to the integration and coordination of manned platforms (such as helicopters and ground vehicles) with unmanned systems (such as drones and autonomous platforms).
ii.It enables real-time surveillance, reconnaissance, and target acquisition, significantly enhancing operational efficiency and battlefield awareness.
iii.It provides faster decision loops and accurate threat response, supporting future-ready force structuring.
Note: In March 2025, the Indian Army’s (IA’s) Fleur-De-Lis Brigade, in collaboration with Chandigarh (Punjab) based Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL), successfully tested a First Person View (FPV) drone with a kamikaze-style anti-tank munition in Pathankot, Punjab. It is designed for precision strikes on armoured vehicles.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Thailand Hosts the 6th BIMSTEC Summit in Bangkok In April 2025, Thailand, the current chair, hosted the 6th Summit of the Heads of State/Government of the member States of BIMSTEC (Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation) was held in Bangkok under the theme “Prosperous, Resilient, and Open BIMSTEC” (PRO BIMSTEC). The summit was chaired by Thailand Prime Minister(PM) Paetongtarn Shinawatra.

• The summit was attended by the Heads of State/Government of the member States to address their shared security and developmental challenges through institutional reform, strategic cooperation, and sustainable development.
• Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi represented India at the 6th BIMSTEC Summit.

Note: The Summit followed the 25th Session of the BIMSTEC Senior Officials’ Meeting (SOM) on 2 April 2025 and the 20th Session of Ministerial Meeting (MM) of the BIMSTEC on 3 April 2025 in Bangkok.
Key Points:
i.One of the key outcomes of the Summit was the launch of the BIMSTEC Bangkok Vision 2030, the first-ever vision document of BIMSTEC that outlines a strategic plan to build a “PRO BIMSTEC” by 2030.
ii.PM Modi proposed a 21-point action plan at the BIMSTEC summit, aiming to enhance engagement and cooperation among member nations

• It includes a pilot study on Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) needs and efforts to link the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) with BIMSTEC payment systems.
• India proposed to host the BIMSTEC Athletics Meet in India (2025); and the first BIMSTEC Games in 2027 on BIMSTEC’s 30th anniversary.

iii.After the Summit, Bangladesh, a founding member of BIMSTEC, assumed the Chairmanship of BIMSTEC for a 2-year term.
About the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC):
Secretary General (SG)- Ambassador Indra Mani Pandey (India)
Secretariat– Dhaka, Bangladesh
Established– 1997
Member States– 7
>> Read Full News

Hungary Announces Withdrawal from ICCIn April 2025, the Government of Hungary has announced to withdraw from the International Criminal Court (ICC) headquartered in The Hague, Netherlands.  This decision came after Prime Minister(PM) of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu visited Hungary.

• According to Article 127 of the Rome Statute (the treaty that set up the ICC), the withdrawal will become official one year after the notice is sent.
• Hungary became a member of the ICC in 1999 when it signed the Rome Statute. It is now set to become the first European Union (EU) country to leave the court.

Note:
i.To officially leave, Hungary must send a written notice to António Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations (UN).
ii.The withdrawal of a state from the ICC becomes effective one year after the submission of the formal withdrawal letter.
iii.Till March 2025, only Burundi and the Philippines have officially withdrawn from the ICC.
Reasons Behind Hungary’s Withdrawal:
i.In November 2024, the ICC issued an arrest warrant against Benjamin Netanyahu , accusing him of war crimes in Gaza. These charges are linked to Israel’s military actions in Gaza(Palestine), which began after Hamas-led fighters attacked southern Israel on October 7, 2023.

• That attack killed around 1,200 people and took over 250 hostages.

ii.In response, Israel launched a large-scale offensive in Gaza that, has killed over 50,000 people and caused widespread destruction.
iii.As a member of the ICC, Hungary is supposed to follow its decisions — including arresting people with ICC warrants
iv.The PM of Hungary, Viktor Orbán, is openly supporting Israel and has stated that Hungary will not arrest Israeli PM Benjamin Netanyahu and decided to withdraw from the ICC.
About International Criminal Court (ICC):
The ICC  is the world’s first permanent court to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and aggression.
President– Tomoko Akane (Japan)
Headquarters – The Hague, Netherlands
Members– 125 countries
Established  – 2002
About Hungary:
President– Tamás Sulyok
Prime Minister (PM)– Viktor Mihály Orbán
Capital– Budapest
Currency– Forint

BANKING & FINANCE

SEBI Issued Framework for Registration of Performance Validation AgencyIn April 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra)-based market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) issued operational framework for a performance validation agency called the Past Risk and Return Verification Agency (PaRRVA).

• This new framework aims to prevent misleading claims about past performance in advertisements related to financial products by research analysts (RAs), investment advisors (IAs), and stock brokers.
• As per SEBI’s circular, a CRA will be recognised as a PaRRVA in terms of Regulation 12A of the ‘SEBI (Credit Rating Agencies) Regulations, 1999’ (“CRA Regulations”) read with Regulation 16E of the Intermediaries Regulations.
• In addition to that, such CRA engages with a recognized Stock Exchange (SE) will act as PaRRVA Data Centre (“PDC”).

i.For CRA to act as PaRRVA,  it must have minimum 15 years of past experience; minimum  net worth of Rs 100 crore; investor grievance redressal mechanism including Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanism; and 250 or above issuers should have obtained ratings for debt securities.
ii.For SE to act as PDC, it must have minimum 15 years of past experience; minimum net worth Rs 200 crore; must have nation-wide terminals; and investor grievance redressal mechanism including ODR mechanism.
About Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI):
It is a statutory body and market regulator, which controls the securities market in India. It was constituted as a non-statutory body on April 12, 1988 through a resolution of the Government of India (GoI) and was established as a statutory body in 1992.
Chairperson- Tuhin Kanta Pandey
Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra
>> Read Full News

SBI Report Projects India’s Inflation to Stay Below 4% in H1 FY26
On April 6, 2025, a report by Mumbai (Maharashtra) based State Bank of India (SBI) projected that India’s retail inflation may remain between 3.9% and 4.0% in the first half (April to September) of Financial Year 2025-26 (H1 FY26).

• This could mark the first instance in recent years of inflation staying below 4% for two consecutive quarters.

i.The report highlighted that Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation is expected to decline to 3.8% in Q4 of FY25, while the average inflation for FY25 is projected to be around 4.6%.
ii.Core inflation, which excludes food and fuel prices, is forecasted to be in the range of 4.2% to 4.3% in FY26.
iii.The report also projects that India’s current account balance could be in surplus in Q4 FY25 amid rising net service receipts and a widened merchandise trade deficit.
Note: In Q3 FY25, the Current Account Deficit (CAD) stood at USD 11.5 billion, or 1.1% of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) up from USD 10.4 billion (Q3 FY24) and Merchandise trade deficit rose to USD 79.2 billion from USD 71.6 billion (Q3 FY24).

ENVIRONMENT

New Land Snail Species ‘Theobaldius konkanensis’ Discovered in Maharashtra’s Konkan Region
In March 2025, a team of researchers from India and the United Kingdom (UK) discovered a new species of land snail, ‘Theobaldius konkanensis’, in the Konkan region of Maharashtra. The findings were published in the international journal Molluscan Research (MR) from New Zealand, underscoring the ecological significance of this unexplored biodiversity hotspot.
i.In 2021, researchers carried out a survey at selected sites in Ratnagiri and Raigad districts of Maharashtra. During the study, the snail species was recorded at the following locations: Dev Gireshwar Temple (Ansure, Ratnagiri), Uttamrao Patil Biodiversity Park (Chikhali, Chiplun-Guhagar Road, Ratnagiri), Kesharnath Vishnu Temple (Shedwai, Ratnagiri), and Phansad Sanctuary (Raigad).
ii.Theobaldius konkanensis is endemic to the northern Western Ghats, a region recognized for its rich yet understudied biodiversity.

• The species was located in evergreen and semi-evergreen forests at altitudes ranging from 80 to 240 meters above sea level.

iii.Physical Characteristics:

• Shell: Thick, conoidally depressed, with brown striations and a corneous yellow hue.
• Size: Relatively small (exact dimensions not specified) but morphologically distinct.
• Body: Stout and rounded, adapted to the humid, forested ecosystems of the Western Ghats.

SPORTS

Red Bull’s Verstappen Won F1 Japanese Grand Prix for 4th Consecutive YearIn April 2025, 4-time World Champion Max Verstappen, Belgian-Dutch driver of Red Bull won the Formula 1 (F1) Japanese Grand Prix 2025 held at Suzuka Circuit, in Suzuka, Japan. This marked his 1st victory of F1 2025 season and 4th consecutive Japanese GP title (2022, 2023 and 2024).

• He crossed the finish line almost 1.5 seconds (s) in his Red Bull for his 64th Grand Prix (GP) victory and got 25 points,
• McLaren’s  Lando Norris secured 2nd position (18 points). Currently tops championship leader board.
• While, Australian F1 driver, Oscar Piastri of McLaren, who won China GP in March, secured 3rd position  (15 points).

Top 3 Winners of Japanese GP 2025:

Key Highlights of Japanese GP 2025:
i.Charles Leclerc claimed 4th spot for Ferrari, followed by George Rusell (Mercedes) and Kimi Antonelli (Mercedes) finished at 5th and 6th position respectively.
About Japanese GP 2025:
i.The latest edition of JP GP which took place over 53 laps with 5.807 kilometer (km) circuit length.
ii.The 39th edition of Japanese GP is officially known as ‘F1 Lenovo Japanese Grand Prix 2025’.
About Federation Internationale de I’Automobile (FIA):
The F1 Grand Prix races are organised by Federation Internationale de I’Automobile (FIA).
President- Mohammed Ben Sulayem
Headquarters- Paris, France
Established- 1904

BOOKS & AUTHORS

HP CM Launches Poetry Collection ‘Buransh: The Fragrance of Words’ by Anupama Sharma
In April 2025, Himachal Pradesh(HP) Chief Minister(CM) Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu unveiled the poetry collection ‘Buransh: The Fragrance of Words’, authored by Anupama Sharma, an educator and poetess.

• This poetry collection was Published by ​Satluj Prakashanp in Panchkula, Punjab.

i.This 56-page anthology comprises 39 poems that delve into profound human emotions, including the pain of broken relationships, the solitude of introspection, and the hope for new beginnings amidst nature’s tranquility.
ii.Anupama Sharma, a lecturer and poetess, balances her literary pursuits with passions like bike riding, trekking, and sports. Her work reflects a blend of personal introspection and advocacy for mental well-being.

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Day of Sport for Development and Peace 2025 – April 6The United Nations (UN’s) International Day of Sport for Development and Peace (IDSDP) is observed annually across the globe on April 6 to acknowledge the role of sport in promoting human rights, fostering social inclusion, and advancing economic development.

• April 6, 2025, observance marks the 12th anniversary of IDSDP.
• The theme for IDSDP 2025 is “Leveling the Playing Field: Sport for Social Inclusion”.

Background:
i.The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) formally adopted April 6 as IDSDP through Resolution A/RES/67/296 on August 23, 2013.

• The first IDSDP was observed on April 6, 2014.

ii.The date commemorates the first modern Olympic Games held in Athens, Greece from April 6 to 15, 1896.
About International Olympic Committee (IOC):
10th President – Kristy Coventry (Zimbabwe) (First woman and first African to hold the position)
Headquarters – Lausanne, Switzerland
Established – 1894
>> Read Full News

International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide against the Tutsi in Rwanda 2025- April 7 The International Day of Reflection on the 1994 Genocide Against the Tutsi in Rwanda is observed globally on 7th April each year to honor over 1 million victims who perished during the 100-day mass slaughter in Rwanda.

• The day also acknowledges the suffering of Hutus and others who opposed the genocide.
• April 7 2025, marked the 31st anniversary of this tragic event, emphasizing remembrance, education, and prevention of future atrocities.

Background:
i.The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) first designated 7th April as the International Day of Reflection on the Genocide in Rwanda through resolution A/RES/58/234 on 23rd December 2003.
ii.The inaugural observance occurred on 7th April 2004, marking the 10th anniversary.
About United Nations Office at Nairobi (UNON):
Director-General(DG) -Zainab Hawa Bangura
Headquarters – Nairobi, Kenya
Established – 1996
>> Read Full News

World Health Day 2025 – April 7The United Nations (UN’s) World Health Day is observed annually across the globe on April 7, to raise awareness about a specific health issue that is of global concern.

• April 7, 2025, marks the observance of the 77th anniversary of the founding of World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948.
• The theme for World Health Day 2025 is “Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures,”.

Background:
i.World Health Day has been observed every year on April 7 since 1950, following WHO proposal during the First World Health Assembly (WHA) held in 1948.
ii.April 7 marks the founding of the WHO in 1948 and serves as a global platform to highlight critical health issues and raise awareness worldwide.
Keypoints:
i.On 7 April 2025, the WHO organized a hybrid event titled “Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures: Global Action for Women and Newborns” as part of World Health Day 2025 observance.
ii.In alignment with World Health Day 2025, the Morarji Desai National Institute of Yoga (MDNIY) in New Delhi (Delhi) under the Ministry of AYUSH (Ayurveda, Yoga & Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homoeopathy), organized the Yoga Mahotsav 2025 at Kalinga Stadium, Bhubaneswar, Odisha.
>> Read Full News

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