Current Affairs 30 April 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

India Deploys 34 Supercomputers with 35 Petaflops Power under NSMOn 28 April 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) announced that a total of 34 supercomputers with a combined computing power of 35 Petaflops (10 lakh gigabytes, gb) have been deployed across India under the National Supercomputing Mission (NSM).

• NSM has opened new doors for researchers in smaller cities by giving them access to world-class supercomputing facilities.
• These 34 supercomputers have been set up at top academic and research institutions such as Indian Institute of science (IISc), Institute of Information Technology (IITs), C-DAC, and also in several institutions from Tier-II and Tier-III cities.

About National Supercomputing Mission (NSM):
i.NSM was launched in 2015 by the Government of India (GoI) with the aim of making the country strong in the field of supercomputing. Through this mission, India plans to develop high-performance computing (HPC) systems.

•  It is jointly steered by the Department of Science and Technology (DST) and MeitY. The mission is implemented by the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), Pune, and the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru(Karnataka).

About Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY):
Union Minister– Ashwini Vaishnaw ( Constituency-Rajya Sabha, Odisha)
Minister of State (MoS)- Jitin Prasada (Constituency- Pilibhit , Uttar Pradesh, UP
>> Read Full News

GoI sets up interministerial committee headed by BVR Subrahmanyam to frame NMMIn April 2025, the Government of India(Go) has set up an inter-ministerial committee to design the broad frame of the proposed National Manufacturing Mission(NMM), with an aim to boost Make in India initiative.

• The committee will be led by BVR Subrahmanyam, Chief Executive Officer(CEO) of NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Aayog, Think Tank of India.
• The manufacturing sector accounts for 16-17% of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), for which the government aims to increase the share through the new mission 

About National Manufacturing Mission(NMM):
i.This initiative was announced in the Union Budget of 2025-26, aims to bolster the Make in India program and enhance India’s manufacturing sector.
ii.The mission emphasizes five focal areas: ease and cost of doing business; future-ready workforce for in-demand jobs; a vibrant and dynamic MSME (Micro, Small Medium Enterprises) sector; availability of technology and quality products. It will also cover large industries.
iii. The mission will provide policy support, implementation of roadmaps, governance and monitoring framework for central ministries and states.
iv.The mission will support Clean Tech Manufacturing, with an aim to increase Domestic Value Addition (DVA) and build the ecosystem for Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Cells, EV batteries, motors and controllers, electrolyzers, wind turbines, high-voltage transmission equipment, and grid-scale batteries.
v.It will support design capacity, component manufacturing, and machinery required for production of non-leather quality footwear, besides the support for leather footwear and products.
Recent Related News:
On March 12, 2025, Union Minister of State (MoS) Bhupathiraju Srinivasa Varma, Ministry of Steel and Ministry of Heavy Industries (MoHI) launched three Research and Development (R&D) schemes and the ‘SteelCollab’ web portal under the Steel Research Technology Mission of India (SRTMI) to boost steel sector innovation.

Coastal States Fisheries Meet 2025: Launch of Rs. 255 Crore Projects, 5th Marine Fisheries Census & Aqua Insurance On 28th April 2025, the “Coastal States Fisheries Meet: 2025” was held in Mumbai, Maharashtra, under the chairmanship of Union Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh alias Lalan Singh, Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying (MoFAH&D), and Ministry of Panchayati Raj (MoPR).

• The event saw participation from Union Minister of State (MoS) Prof. S.P. Singh Baghel, MoFAH&D, MoPR, and Union MoS George Kurian, MoFAH&D, Ministry of Minority Affairs (MoMA), Governors, and Fisheries Ministers of 7 coastal states/Union Territories (UTs).

Key Inititives Launched:
During the event, Union Minister Rajiv Ranjan Singh alias Lalan Singh inaugurated and laid the foundation for fisheries projects worth Rs. 255.30 crore  7 coastal states/Union Territories (UTs) under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY), benefiting 7 coastal states and UTs.

• He also launched the 5th Marine Fisheries Census (MFC 2025), Guidelines on Turtle Excluder Device and release of Standard Operating Procedure(SOP) for Vessel Communication and Support System.
• He also distributed tablets enabled with Digital Application Vyas-NAV (Village Jetty Appraisal NAVigator) and awarded the first ever aqua insurance (One Time Incentive Sanction-cum-Release Order) to beneficiaries under the Pradhan Mantri Matsya Kisan Samridhi Sah-Yojana (PM-MKSSY) on this occasion.

>> Read Full News

IEPFA hosts Preparatory Meeting for ‘Niveshak Shivir’ On April 28, 2025, Investor Education and Protection Fund Authority (IEPFA), Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MoCA), hosted the virtual preparatory meeting with Nodal Officers of Stakeholders companies. This meeting was convened for finalizing operational details for ‘Niveshak Shivir’ initiative.

• The session was chaired by Anita Shah Akella, Chief Executive Officer (CEO), IEPFA and Joint Secretary, MoCA.

i.Niveshak Shivir, will be organized in the cities, where the number of unclaimed dividends with companies is high in number for a period of 6 to 7 years.
ii.The pilot phase of the initiative, is scheduled to launch in Ahmedabad (Gujarat) and Mumbai (Maharashtra) in May 2025.
iii.During the meeting, the IEPFA has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with Mumbai (Maharashtra) -based Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited(KMBL), to enhance investor education and protection through extensive digital outreach.
About Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited(KMBL):
Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Ashok Vaswani
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established – 1985
Tagline – Lets Make Money Simple
>> Read Full News

CBDT Granted Income Tax Exemption Status to NMCG
In April 2025, New Delhi (Delhi) based the Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT), a statutory body under the Department of Revenue (DOR), Ministry of Finance (MoF), Government of India (GoI) granted income tax (IT) exemption status to the New Delhi (Delhi)-based National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), under Ministry of Jal Shakti (MoJS)to support the implementation of the Union Government’s flagship Namami Gange Programme (NGP) (launched in 2014).

• With this recognition, the NMCG has become eligible for IT exemption under clause (46A) of Section 10 of the Income Tax Act, 1961, starting from the Assessment Year (AY) 2024–25.

i.The exemption has been granted as NMCG meets the criteria under sub-clause (a) of clause (46A), which allows exemption for entities established under a Central or State Act and are engaged in environmental conservation, sustainable development, or public welfare activities.
ii.NMCG is the implementation body of the NGP was now an authority constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. It was launched to restore the Ganga River’s ecosystem. Its key functions include:

• Sewage treatment and management
• River surface cleaning and solid waste disposal
• Afforestation and biodiversity conservation
• Monitoring of industrial effluents
• Promoting public participation in river rejuvenation

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

World Social Report 2025: Rising Inequality, Economic Insecurity, Deep Distrust; Need for a New Policy ConsensusIn April 2025, The United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA),  has released its flagship publication “World Social Report 2025: A New Policy Consensus to Accelerate Social Progress”.

• The 2025 report, co-produced by the United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER) and the Division for Inclusive Social Development (DISD), UN DESA.
• The report raises concern for a new policy consensus based on three principles: Equity, Economic Security for all, and Solidarity. These are essential to strengthen social, economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.
• Around 60% of the global population faces economic insecurity, while over 690 million people continue to live in extreme poverty.
• Climate Change, causing disruptions, is likely to reduce the livelihood opportunities of future generations. While the poor countries are often hit by environmental degradation, the high-income countries are the biggest polluters.
• The weakening of social cohesion undermines capacities for collective action, threatening social progress and the achievement of the SDGs.

>> Read Full News

ADB-WEF Report 2025: Asia-Pacific Lags in Grid Readiness Despite USD729.4 Billion Clean Energy InvestmentOn April 28, 2025, the Manila (Philippines) based Asian Development Bank (ADB), in collaboration with the Cologny (Switzerland) based World Economic Forum (WEF), released the “Energy Transition Readiness Assessment (ETRA) for Developing Asia and the Pacific” report.

• It is the ADB’s first initiative to assess the capacity of regional countries to transform their energy systems, utilizing a new readiness framework based on the WEF’s Energy Transition Index(ETI).

i.This report underscores the critical need for substantial investments in modernizing and interconnecting power grids across developing countries in Asia and the Pacific to fully harness the benefits of the energy transition.
ii.Clean energy investments in developing Asia surged by over 900% from 2013 to 2023, reaching USD729.4 billion in 2023. This accounts for 45% of global clean energy investments.
iii.The International Finance Corporation (IFC) estimates that USD 23 billion/year in concessional funds is needed for India, ASEAN, and other Emerging Markets and Developing Economies (EMDEs) to unlock private capital.
>> Read Full News

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI instructs all banks, financial companies, and other regulated entities to use PRAVAAH portal from 1st May 2025The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced that starting from 1st May 2025, all banks, financial companies, and regulated entities must submit their applications for regulatory authorisations, licences, and approvals exclusively through the Platform for Regulatory Application, Validation And AutHorisation(PRAVAAH) portal.

• This instruction applies to Scheduled Commercial Banks (SCBs), including Small Finance Banks (SFBs), Local Area Banks (LAB)s, and Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), Urban Co-operative Banks (UCBs), State Co-operative Banks (SCBs), Central Co-operative Banks (CCBs), All-India Financial Institutions (AIFI), Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFC) (including Housing Finance Companies (HFC)), Primary Dealers (PDs), Payment System Operators (PSOs), and Credit Information Companies (CICs).

About PRAVAAH Portal:
i.In May 2024, the RBI launched PRAVAAH as a secure and centralised web-based portal for any entity or individual to seek authorisation, license or regulatory approval on any reference made by it to the Reserve Bank.

• Since its launch, the PRAVAAH portal has facilitated receipt of nearly 4,000 applications/requests.

ii.Key features of the portal:

• Submit the application online on the portal;
• Track and Monitor the status of the application/reference;
• Respond to any clarification/query sought by the RBI in connection with the application/reference; and
• Receive a decision from the Reserve Bank in a time bound manner.

ii.For the convenience of users, the user manual, Instructions related to accessing the portal, submission and tracking of applications, FAQs and videos are also available on the portal.
iii.In exceptional cases, where members of the public are unable to submit their applications through PRAVAAH system, they may submit their applications directly to the RBI.

• However, such applications also will be processed through the PRAVAAH system by the RBI and the applicants will be duly notified of the same.

iv.This portal acts as an evidence that RBI is committed to achieving end-to-end digitization of all internal workflows involved in regulatory approval processes to enhance efficiency, transparency, and timeliness in service delivery.

RBI extends deadline for BIS-compliant note sorting machines to November 1 2025In April 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has decided to extend the timeline for Banks to deploy the latest Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) standards Note Sorting Machines (NSM) by six months i.e. (that is), up to November 01, 2025.

• Also, RBI has directed banks and White Label ATM Operators(WLAOs) to ensure Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) dispense Rs.100 and Rs.200 notes on a regular basis.

About standards issued by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS):
i.In order to further strengthen the banknote sorting architecture across the country, the BIS after due consultation with RBI and other stakeholders, had published the standards for Note Sorting Machines (NSM) – ‘(Indian Standards) IS 18663: 2024’ in the ‘Gazette of India’ on March 19, 2024.
ii.It was then decided that effective from May 01, 2025, banks should deploy only such NSM models that conform to the above mentioned Indian Standards and are duly certified by BIS.
RBI directs banks and WLAOs to ensure ATMs dispense Rs.100 and Rs.200 notes on a regular basis
In April 2025, RBI has decided that all banks and White Label ATM Operators (WLAOs) shall ensure that their Automated Teller Machines (ATMs) dispense Rs.100 and Rs.200 denomination banknotes on a regular basis as per following milestones:

• By September 30, 2025: 75 per cent of all ATMs shall dispense either Rs. 100 or Rs. 200 denomination banknotes from at least one cassette.

>> Read Full News

​Airtel Payments Bank Launched NCMC-Enabled RuPay Cards
In April 2025, New Delhi(Delhi) based Airtel Payments Bank, subsidiary of Bharti Airtel, has partnered with Mumbai(Maharashtra) based National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to launch the National Common Mobility Cards (NCMC) enabled Rupay cards.

• This initiative supports the Government of India(GoI)’s ‘One Nation, One Card’ vision, aiming to provide seamless and interoperable digital payments across India.

Card Variants:
Airtel Payments Bank offers three variants of RuPay NCMC Cards, each tailored to different customer needs:​
i.Debit Card:It is linked to a savings account and allows debit transactions including transit, Point of Sale (PoS), e-commerce, and Automated Teller Machine(ATM) withdrawals.
ii.Prepaid Card: It is linked with Minimum Know Your Customer(KYC)Wallet.It facilitates online and offline transactions, including transit, PoS, and e-commerce.
iii.Prepaid Payment Instrument for Mass Transit Systems(PPI MTS),Card: It is a standalone PPI, designed exclusively for transit payments.
Note: As of April 2025, Airtel Payments Bank has issued over 2.5 million RuPay ON-THE-GO cards enabled with the NCMC. The bank aims to expand this number to 10 million within the next two years.

BookMyForex Launches ‘Global Forex Card’ with Zero Cross-Currency and ATM Withdrawal Fees
In April 2025, Gurugram (Haryana)-based BookMyForex, a MakeMyTrip Group entity, introduced its ‘Global Forex Card’, a USD denominated single currency prepaid card designed to minimize foreign exchange expenses for international travelers and students.​

• This card addresses the growing demand for transparent and cost-effective forex solutions, especially among students and professionals traveling abroad.

Key Features:
i.Zero Cross-Currency Fees: Users can transact in over 180 currencies without incurring conversion charges, despite the card being loaded in USD.​
ii.No ATM Withdrawal or Cash Disbursement Fees: Cardholders can withdraw cash from ATMs worldwide without additional fees, though some foreign banks or Automated Teller Machine(ATMs) may levy their own charges.​
iii.Up to 3.3% Cashback: Under the “Crazy Cashback Sale,” customers can receive up to Rs.7,500 cashback on forex purchases made via the card, translating to savings of up to 3.3% on transactions.​
iv.Lifetime Free Card: There are no charges for card issuance, reloads, or annual maintenance.
v.No-Fee University Payments: Students can use the card to pay tuition fees without additional charges.​
vi.Accepted in Over 200 Countries: The card is widely accepted, making it suitable for travelers to various destinations, including regions like Vietnam, Indonesia, Central Asia, and South America.​

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Amitesh Kumar Sinha Appointed as CEO of ISM
In April 2025, the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) appointed Amitesh Kumar Sinha, Additional Secretary at the MeitY, as its new Chief Executive Officer (CEO), succeeding Sushil Pal, a 1999 batch Indian Civil Accounts Service (ICAS) officer.

• Sinha will oversee the Phase-II rollout of ISM, focusing on semiconductor fabrication, packaging, and design-linked incentives (DLI).

About Amitesh Kumar Sinha:
i.Amitesh Kumar Sinha is an officer of the 1996 batch of Indian Railway Accounts Service (IRAS).
ii.He has earlier served as Joint Secretary in MeitY, contributing to key policy-making and implementation of several Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) schemes for mobile phones, Information Technology (IT) hardware, and semiconductors under the Semicon India Programme.
India Semiconductor Mission (ISM):
i.ISM, launched in 2022, aims to establish India as a global hub for semiconductor and display manufacturing.
ii.It is a part of the Semicon India Programme, launched with an outlay of Rs 76,000 crore to support the development of semiconductor fabs, display fabs, and compound semiconductors.
iii.India’s semiconductor demand is projected to grow from USD 45–50 billion in 2024 to USD 100–110 billion by 2030,according to S. Krishnan, Secretary, MeitY. This is Aligning with the government’s preparations for the second phase of the ISM.

Indian-origin Tejpaul Bhatia appointed as Axiom Space’s CEOIn April 2025, Texas(the United States of America, USA)-based Axiom Space Inc. appointed Tejpaul Bhatia, an executive of Indian origin, as its new Chief Executive Officer (CEO).

• He succeeds Dr. Kam Ghaffarian, the co-founder and Executive Chairman of Axiom Space, who had been serving as interim CEO following the transition of Michael Suffredini to the company’s Board of Directors in August 2024 .​

i.Tejpaul Bhatia, who previously served as the Chief Revenue Officer (CRO), brings over 20 years of experience in technology and business leadership, including founding three investor-backed startups with two successful acquisitions.
ii.He joined Axiom in 2021 and has been instrumental in forging international partnerships and advancing commercial space initiatives.
iii.Under his leadership, Axiom Space aims to accelerate its investments in next-generation technologies, including spacesuits, orbital infrastructure, and microgravity research and manufacturing.
Note: Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) to the International Space Station (ISS), scheduled for launch in May 2025. This mission is notable for featuring Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla of the Indian Air Force(IAF) as the pilot.

Gunjan Soni Appointed as Country MD of YouTube India
On April 28, 2025, YouTube, a subsidiary of the United States of America (USA) based Alphabet Inc., appointed Gunjan Soni as the Country Managing Director (MD) for YouTube India.

• She succeeded Ishan Chatterjee, who held the position from November 2022 to October 2024, before moving to JioCinema as Chief revenue officer (CRO).

i.GunjanSoni has over 20 years of experience in business, technology, marketing, and e-commerce.
ii.Previously served as Group Chief Executive Officer (CEO) at Singapore-based ZALORA Group (6 years), driving category expansion and user experience.
iii.Before ZALORA, she held key roles in India as Executive Vice President (VP) at Star India and Chief Marketing Officer (CMO) at Myntra.
iv.She also serves on the board of Texas (USA)-based CBRE Group, Inc., a Fortune 500 company.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Amazon Launches First 27 Satellites for ‘Project Kuiper’ internet constellation into orbitOn April 28, 2025, Washington, D.C., the United States of America (USA) based Amazon.com, Inc., successfully launched the first 27 satellites of its ‘Project Kuiper’ broadband internet constellation from Cape Canaveral Space Force Station, Florida, the USA. The mission was ​designated as Kuiper Atlas 1 or KA-01.

• The satellites were carried into Low Earth Orbit (LEO) by an Atlas V rocket, developed by the USA-based United Launch Alliance (ULA), a joint venture between Boeing Company and Lockheed Martin Corporation.
• The Atlas V deployed satellites at 280 miles (450 kilometers, km) above Earth’s surface, which will ascend to 393 miles (630 km) using onboard propulsion.

About Project Kuiper :
i.Project Kuiper is a USD 10 billion global broadband initiative, aims to provide high-speed, low-latency broadband internet services to underserved and remote areas worldwide.
ii.The full constellation will consist of 3,236 satellites positioned in three orbital shells between 590 km and 630 km above Earth.
iii.The system is designed to integrate with Amazon Web Services (AWS), enabling enhanced data processing capabilities for applications such as satellite imagery analysis and weather forecasting.
Previous Test Launches:
i.In October 2023, Amazon launched two prototype satellites, KuiperSat-1 and KuiperSat-2, to test the system’s technology.
ii.After successful tests, these prototypes were deorbited and burned up in Earth’s atmosphere. The final satellite design has updated subsystems.
About Amazon.com, Inc.,
President & Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Andy Jassy
Headquarters – Washington, D.C., the United States of America (USA)
Founded – 1994

OBITUARY

Padma Shri Awardee Shaji N. Karun, Acclaimed Filmmaker and Cinematographer, Passed AwayIn April 2025, Eminent filmmaker and cinematographer Shaji Neelakandan Karunakaran,  passed away at 73 in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. He was born in Kandanchira of Kollam district, Kerala in 1952.

• He is well known for his directional debut movie, ‘Piravi’ (1988) which earned him a National Award for Best Director and Camera d’Or – Mention d’honneur at the 1989 Cannes Film Festival.

About Shaji N. Karun:
i.He began his career as a cinematographer. Over his five-decade-long career in cinema, he directed only six films but served as the cinematographer for nearly 30 others.
ii.His film Swaham (1994), only the second Indian film to be selected for the Cannes’ competition section.
iii.His third directional venture, Vanaprastham (1999), premiered at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival. Besides, it also won the National Awards for Best Feature Film, Best Actor and Best Editing.
iv.He was the founding Chairman of Kerala State Chalachitra Academy, the first academy for film and television in India.
v.He led the state government’s initiative of its Over-The-Top(OTT) platform, C- Space, to protect and archive culturally significant films.
Awards and Honours:
i.In 2011, Shaji Neelakantan Karun was honored with the Padma Shri, India’s fourth-highest civilian award, in the field of Art.
ii.In 2019, he received Chevalier of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres – Government of France.
iii.In 2023, he was also honoured with JC Daniel Award, Kerala’s highest award to recognizing his lifetime contribution to cinema.

Former Brazil striker Jair da Costa Passed Away
In April 2025, Jair da Costa a former striker for Brazil’s national football team and member of the 1962 International Federation of Association Football(FIFA) World Cup-winning squad, passed away at the age of 84 in Osasco, outside Sao Paulo, Brazil. He was born on July 9, 1940, in Santo André, São Paulo.
About Jair da Costa:
i.Jair da Costa began his professional career with Portuguesa in 1960.
ii.In 1962, he joined Inter Milan, becoming an integral part of Helenio Herrera’s “Grande Inter” squad.  He played a crucial role in Inter’s European Cup victories, notably scoring the only goal in the 1965 final against Benfica.
iii.During his tenure, he amassed four Serie A titles, two European Cups, and two Intercontinental Cups
iv.He returned to Brazil to play for Santos FC, where he teamed up with Pelé and clinched the Campeonato Paulista title in 1973.
v.He ended his career in 1976 playing for Canada’s Windsor Star.

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Dance Day 2025 – April 29International Dance Day, also known as World Dance Day, is celebrated annually across the globe on April 29 to raise public awareness about dance as an important art form, cultural expression, and educational tool.

• The observance is promoted by the Paris (France) based International Dance Council (CID) and the Shanghai (China) based International Theatre Institute (ITI), in association with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
• In 2025 International Dance Day message is delivered by Mikhail Baryshnikov, one of the most influential figures in contemporary dance.

Background:
i.International Dance Day was established in 1982 by the Dance Committee of the ITI in collaboration with UNESCO to celebrate and honor the art of dance.

• The first International Dance Day was celebrated on April 29, 1982.

ii.The date April 29 was specifically chosen to commemorate the birth anniversary of Jean-Georges Noverre (1727–1810), a renowned French dancer and choreographer, recognized as the pioneer of modern ballet.
>> Read Full News

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