Current Affairs 29 July 2025

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs 29 July 2025, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2025 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of PM Narendra Modi’s visit to Tamil Nadu from  July 26 to July 27, 2025Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi visited Tamil Nadu(TN) from July 26 to July 27, 2025, with a focus on infrastructure development, cultural heritage, and regional connectivity. During his visit, he laid the foundation stone, inaugurated, and dedicated several development projects worth over Rs 4,800 crore in Thoothukudi, TN.
Key Projects Launched/ Inaugurated:
New Terminal Building at Tuticorin Airport:  PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the new terminal building at Tuticorin Airport in TN, constructed at a cost of around Rs 450 crore.
Foundation Stone for ISTIS Kundankulum Nuclear Plant:He laid foundation stone for a key transmission project i.e. an Inter State Transmission System (ISTS) linked to the Kundankulum Nuclear Power Plant in TN, developed at a cost of nearly 550 crore.

• During his visit to TN, he dedicated two major highway projects in TN to the nation.

Aadi Thiruvathirai Festival: He Participated in the valedictory function of the Aadi Thiruvathirai Festival, organised by the Ministry of Culture MoC at Gangaikonda Cholapuram temple in Ariyalur district of TN.

• During the festival, PM Modi released Rs 1,000 coin to mark the 1,000th anniversary of the naval expedition of Emperor Rajendra Chola-I.

>>Read Full News

India-Singapore Joint Military Exercise “Ex Bold Kurukshetra 2025” Began in Jodhpur, Rajasthan On July 2, 2025, the 14th edition of the India-Singapore joint military exercise, “Exercise Bold Kurukshetra 2025”, began at Jodhpur Military Station of the Indian Army(IA) in Jodhpur, Rajasthan. It will continue till August 4, 2025.

• Indian Contingent is led by Colonel Arjun Ganapathi and Lieutenant Colonel Khiew Zhi Yoong leads the Singapore contingent.

Background:
Origins:It is part of a long-term defence cooperation agreement, signed between India and Singapore in 2003.  The first edition of the joint military exercise “Exercise Bold Kurukshetra” was held in 2005.
Aim: The exercise aims to strengthen military cooperation, enhance interoperability in armoured and mechanized operations, develop skills in joint planning, command and control, and combat simulation under various circumstances.
Previous Edition: The 13th edition of Exercise Bold Kurukshetra was held at the Jodhpur Military Station in March 2023, marking the first time the exercise was conducted under a United Nations (UN) mandate.
About Ex Bold Kurukshetra 2025:
Objective: The exercise aims to enhance interoperability and joint training capabilities of both armies under UN mandate, to strengthen bilateral defence cooperation.
Participation: The exercise will witness the participation of the 42 Singapore Armoured Regiment of the 4 Singapore Armoured Brigade, and the Mechanised Infantry Regiment of IA are the participants of the exercise.
Exercise Mode: The exercise is conducted as table-top exercise and computer-based wargame, designed to validate procedures for mechanized warfare. The exercise will end with an equipment display by the IA.
Handing over Flag: The exercise also includes the symbolic handing over of the Regimental Flag by the 42 Singapore Armoured Regiment to the Indian Contingent, signifying the transfer of operational command throughout the duration of the exercise.
About Singapore:
President – Tharman Shanmugaratnam
Capital – Singapore city
Currency – Singapore Dollar (SGD)

PM Narendra Modi Launches ‘Gyan Bharatam Mission’ for digitisation of ancient manuscriptsIn July 2025, during the 124th episode of the monthly radio show ‘Mann ki Baat’, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi announced the ‘Gyan Bharatam Mission (GBM)‘ an initiative at the digitisation of ancient manuscripts.

• This initiative aims to survey, document, and conserve over one crore (10 million) manuscripts held by academic institutions, museums, libraries, and private collectors across India.

About Gyan Bharatam Mission (GBM):
Purpose: The GBM has been launched as a Central Sector Scheme (CSS) for the period 2024–31, with a total allocation of Rs.482.85 crore to preserve, document, and promote India’s rich manuscript heritage.

• The GoI, in its 2025-26 budget, significantly increased the financial allocation for the manuscripts initiative, from Rs.3.5 crores to Rs. 60 crores.

Creation of NDR: After the digitisation of the ancient manuscripts, a National Digital Repository (NDR) will be created, where students and teachers around the world would be able to connect with India’s knowledge and tradition.
>>Read Full News

TEMA India Limited Commissioned India’s First Private Test Facility for DHW in Gujarat
On July 26, 2025, TEMA India Private Limited commissioned India’s first private test facility for the upgradation of Depleted Heavy Water (DHW) in Vapi, Gujarat. This advanced facility is designed to improve the efficiency of DHW used in nuclear reactors, thereby strengthening India’s energy security.
Inauguration: The facility was inaugurated jointly by Rajesh V, Director-Technical, Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL), Department of Atomic Energy (DAE) and K.T. Shenoy, Director, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), DAE.
Design and Technology Transfer: The facility, designed and built by nuclear vertical of TEMA India, under Technology Transfer (TT) from BARC and a Purchase Order from NPCIL.
Validated Consignment : During the event, the first validated consignment of eight Distillation Column Sections, comprising activated phosphor bronze modules, critical components for Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs).
The modules are slated for deployment in key projects, including Rajasthan Atomic Power Project(RAPP) Unit 8, Gorakhpur Haryana Anu Vidyut Pariyojana(GHAVP) Units 1-4, and Kaiga Generating Station(KAIGA) Units 5&6.

NALSA Launched Veer Parivaar Sahayta Yojana to Aid Defence Personnel and their Families
In July 2025, the National Legal Services Authority (NALSA), in collaboration with the High Court of Jammu & Kashmir (J&K) and Ladakh, and the J&K Legal Services Authority (LSA), launched the Veer Parivaar Sahayata 2025, a scheme that aims to bolster legal aid for defence personnel and their families.

• The scheme was formally launched by Justice Surya Kant, Executive Chairman of NALSA, during the North Zone Regional Conference titled ‘Reaffirming the Constitutional Vision of Justice for Defence Personnel and Tribals’ held at Shere-i-Kashmir International Conference Centre (SKICC) in Srinagar, J&K.

About Veer Parivaar Sahayata 2025:
Free Legal Aid: NALSA will provide legal aid for issues like family property, disputes, land matters, or domestic cases, which are often left unresolved due to soldiers’ absence in cases, where they are employed in isolated areas or regions like J&K or the North East Region (NER).
Defence Personnel Covered: The scheme will extend legal aid to paramilitary personnel such as: Border Security Force (BSF), the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF), and the Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP).
3 Key Pillars of Scheme:

• Setting up a dedicated network of legal services clinics at the Zilla, Rajya, and Kendriya Sainik Boards;
• Deployment of specially trained nodal officers, legal aid counsels, and paralegal volunteers (including ex-servicemen) for timely support.
• Facilitating digital access through online meditation and e-Lok Adalats to make legal assistance seamless and accessible.

Indian Railways Successfully Pilot-Tested DDEI System to Prevent Accidents
In July 2025, Indian Railways (IR) completed pilot tests of the new Direct Drive Electronic Interlocking (DDEI) system at stations: Dinanagar (Jammu & Kashmir, J&K) and Tajpur (Madhya Pradesh, MP).

• This new system is designed to enhance rail safety and prevent accidents caused by human error and faulty signalling.

About the Direct Drive Electronic Interlocking (DDEI) system:
Eliminates Human Interface: This new advanced signalling system uses optical fibre, which eliminates the human interface.
Reduces the Risk of Human Error: The new system uses the automatic interlocking process, which minimizes the need for manual intervention, thus reducing the scope for operational errors.
Reduces Copper cable use: With the use of Optical Fibre Cables(OFC) in DDEI, the requirement of conventional copper (Cu) cables is reduced by 60% to 70%, which further provides protection from lightning.
Reduction in Requirement of Relays: With the use of the new signalling system, the requirement for the number of relays has also reduced by nearly 70%, which further leads to lower maintenance costs and easier fault detection.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of PM Narendra Modi’s Visit to Maldives from July 25 to 26, 2025Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi was on a two-day official visit to Maldives from July 25 to 26, 2025, to attend the 60th Independence Day celebrations of Maldives, and strengthen bilateral ties, marking the 60th anniversary of diplomatic ties between India and Maldives.

• This marked PM Modi’s third visit to Maldives since assuming office in 2014.
• PM Modi arrived at Velana International Airport in Male, Maldives, where he was received by President of Maldives Mohammed Muizzu.

Independence Day Celebrations: During his visit, PM Modi attended the Independence Day celebrations of Maldives on July 26, first time by an Indian PM, held at Republic Square in Male as a “Guest of Honour”.
Commemorative Postage Stamp:
On July 25, 2025, PM Modi and President Muizzu jointly released the Commemorative Postage Stamp, marking the 60 years of diplomatic relations between Maldives and India, which was established in 1965.
Features: The stamp features two traditional boats, comprising Indian boat Uru, a large wooden thou handcrafted in boatyards of Beypore, Kerala, and Maldives’ Vadhu Dhoni, a traditional coral or reef fishing boat, reflecting the maritime heritage of Maldives.

• The stamp symbolizes the historical ties between India and Maldives, following its independence.

Inauguration of Dhoshimeyna Building: During the visit, PM Modi and President Muizzu jointly inaugurated the Dhoshimeyna Building of the Ministry of Defence (MoD) in Male. It was built with financial support from India and stands as a symbol of deepening defence and security cooperation between India and Maldives.
Other Inaugurations:They also inaugurated several India-funded projects, including roads and drainage in Addu city and six High Impact Community Development Projects. India also handed over 72 vehicles for the Maldives National Defence Force, 2 BHISHM Health Cube sets, and 3,300 housing flats.
Gesture of Hospitality: Maldives National Defence Force (MNDF) presented PM Narendra Modi with “Haiykolhu”, a symbol of hospitality and respect in Maldives tradition.
About Maldives:
President – Mohammed Muizzu
Capital – Male
Currency – Maldivian Rufiyaa (MVR)

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Stardour Successfully Test-Fires India’s First Hydrogen-Oxygen Propulsion Engine
In July 2025, Stardour Aerospace Technologies Private Limited, an Indian space-tech startup, successfully test-fired India’s first hydrogen-oxygen propulsion engine at the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, Karnataka.

• The fully in-house developed engine represents a significant step forward in India’s pursuit of eco-friendly and reusable space propulsion technologies.

About Hydrogen-Oxygen Propulsion Engine:
Propellants: The engine operates using gaseous hydrogen and oxygen as propellants.
Exhaust: This engine emits only water vapor as exhaust, making it a clean and environmentally sustainable propulsion system.
Designed for: It is specifically designed to power Lucas, Stardour’s next-generation Orbital Transfer Vehicle (OTV) slated for a 2027 launch, aimed at enabling advanced in-space transportation and satellite servicing capabilities.

•  Lucas is equipped to transfer payloads, including satellites, from one orbit to another, supporting precise deployment from a launch vehicle’s drop-off point to the desired final orbit.

Turkey Unveils ‘GAZAP Bomb’ and ‘NEB-2 Ghost Bunker Buster’ at IDEF 2025
In July 2025, Turkey unveiled its most powerful non-nuclear weapons, the ‘GAZAP bomb’ and the ‘NEB-2 Ghost bunker-buster’, during the 17th edition of the International Defense Industry Fair (IDEF 2025) held in Istanbul, Türkiye.

• The weapons were developed by the Turkey’s National Defense Ministry’s Research and Development (R&D) Center. Each weapon weighs 970 kilograms (2,000 pounds).

GAZAP Bomb:
Design: Features a thermobaric warhead with 10,000 controlled fragments dispersing within a 1-kilometer (km) radius upon detonation.
Fragmentation Capacity: Capable of producing about 10.16 fragment explosions per metre(m), compared to the prior standard of one explosion per 3m.
Deployment: Compatible with F-16 and F-4 fighter jets.
NEB-2 Ghost bunker-buster: 
Purpose: Specially engineered to penetrate reinforced concrete structures, dubbed “the best bunker-buster in the field.”
Penetration Capability: Able to breach 7 m of C50 concrete, which is three times stronger than the 2.4-m penetration by United States of America (USA) missiles.
Test Performance: In a live-dropping test on an island, it penetrated 90 m underground, triggering landslides, gas leaks, and destruction within a 160 m radius and detonated after 240 milli seconds (ms), compared to a standard 25 ms delay, amplifying the destructive impact.

ENVIRONMENT

ZSI Discovers Piratula acuminata Wolf Spider in WB, Raorchestes Frogs in MeghalayaIn July 2025, the scientists from the Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) announced the discovery of Piratula acuminata, India’s first Piratula wolf spider in West Bengal (WB). Separately, two culturally significant frog species were documented in Meghalaya, highlighting India’s rich biodiversity
Wolf Spider:
Discovery Site: Sagar Island, Sundarbans Delta (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site) in WB.
Species Family: Piratula acuminata belongs to the family Lycosidae. First record of the genus Piratula in India, previously found only in Asia, Europe, and North America
Features:It measures around 8-10 millimeters (mm), with a pale-creamy white body, brown chalk-white spots on the abdomen, and light-brown stripes toward the rear.
Publication: Findings published in the Zootaxa journal on July 7, 2025
Two Frog Species, Raorchestes jakoid and Raorchestes jadoh, Discovered in Meghalaya:
In July 2025, the two frog species, Raorchestes jakoid and Raorchestes jadoh, were documented in the “Journal of Threatened Taxa” by researchers Warjri and Madhurima Das of Assam Don Bosco University, Assam.

• ‘Jadoh’ is the name of a rice and meat dish of the Khasi community. ‘Jakoid’ means “frog’ in the Khasi language.

Raorchestes jakoid: It was found at Lawbah in East Khashi Hills, Meghalaya, at about 815 metres (m) above sea level.
Raorchestes jadoh: It was found near Langtor, a region in Eastern West Khashi Hills, approximately 1,655 m above sea level.
Taxonomic Group: Both belong to the Raorchestes parvulus species complex.
Adaptation: They are direct-developing frogs (no tadpole stage), found in shrubs and trees near human settlements, indicating ecological adaptability.
About Meghalaya:
Chief Minister (CM) – Conrad Sangma
Governor– Chandrashekhar H. Vijayashankar
Capital – Shillong
National Park (NP) – Balpakram NP, Nokrek NP

SPORTS

Belgian Grand Prix 2025, Oscar Piastri Wins Followed by Lando NorrisOn July 27, 2025, Australian Oscar Piastri, Formula One (F1) driver representing the United Kingdom (UK)-based team, McLaren, delivered a commanding performance to win the 70th edition of the Belgian Grand Prix at Circuit de Spa-Francorchamps, Stavelot, Belgium.

• This was his sixth win in 13 races this season, extending his title lead in F1 world championship with 16 points over teammate Lando Norris.

Top Performance:

• Lando Norris finished second after losing the lead early but mounted a strong chase, and Charles Leclerc of Monaco delivered a solid performance for Ferrari to complete the podium third.

Note: McLaren achieved its sixth one-two finish of the season (third consecutive), powering their strong form.
Other Notable Performances:

• Netherlands’ Max Verstappen finished fourth for Red Bull in their first race post-Christian Horner’s dismissal as team boss
• Britain Lewis Hamilton climbed impressively from 18th on the grid to finish seventh under mixed wet-dry conditions.

Hockey India Announces Nationwide Festival and Financial Grants to Commemorate 100 Years of Indian HockeyIn July 2025, Hockey India successfully conducted its 15th Hockey India Congress in Mahabalipuram, Tamil Nadu (TN), marking 100 years of Indian hockey’s glorious journey.

• The session featured key announcements, including a Nationwide Festival of Hockey and enhanced financial support for state and national-level hockey development.

Key Highlights:
Background: The Indian Hockey Federation(IHF), a national body for hockey, was officially formed on November 7, 1925, in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh (MP).

• The Indian Hockey Federation (IHF) was India’s governing body for hockey until its suspension in 2008 over governance issues.
• To retain international recognition, the Indian Olympic Association formed Hockey India on May 20, 2009, bringing both men’s and women’s hockey under one body.

Celebration event: To celebrate this century milestone, Hockey India announced an unprecedented, nationwide celebration on November 7, 2025.

• The event will feature 1,000 simultaneous matches, one men’s and one women’s match in every district of India, engaging over 36,000 players (18,000 men and 18,000 women).

Financial Grants: Hockey India announced substantial increases in financial grants to support the organisation of national and grassroots-level events:

• Rs. 70 lakhs: Each for hosting the Senior Men’s and Senior Women’s National Championships.
• Rs. 30 lakhs: Each for Junior Men, Junior Women, Sub-Junior Men, and Sub-Junior Women National Championships.
• Rs. 25 lakhs per state to support the organisation of district and state-level competitions.

These enhanced grants aim to strengthen infrastructure, improve event quality, and ensure wider participation by reducing financial constraints at the local level.
About Hockey India:
President – Dilip Tirkey
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Founded – 2009

BOOKS & AUTHORS

Uttarakhand CM Pushkar Singh Dhami Releases Book On Student Wellness
On July 26, 2025, Chief Minister (CM) of Uttarakhand Pushkar Singh Dhami released a book titled, “Sustainable Wellness of Students: A Collective Responsibility in Higher Education”, edited by Lata Pandey and Dr. Ramanand, Director at Centre for Policy Research, at an event held at the CM’s residence auditorium in Dehradun, Uttarakhand.
Focus: The book focuses on the mental health of the students, their emotional resilience, and the importance of holistic wellness in higher education.
Insights : The book aims to address the mental health challenges such as stress, anxiety, and depression faced by students with the interference of educational institutions. It emphasizes transforming universities into holistic hubs, which blend academic excellence with welfare services.

IMPORTANT DAYS

CRPF Foundation Day 2025 – 27 July The Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) Foundation Day, also known as CRPF Raising Day, is observed annually across India on 27th July to commemorate the establishment of the CRPF in 1939, the largest Central Armed Police Force (CAPF), under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Government of India (GoI).

• 27th July 2025 marks the 87th observance of the CRPF Foundation Day.

History of CRPF:
Origin : The CRPF was formed as the Crown Representative’s Police (CRP) on 27th July 1939 in Neemuch, Madhya Pradesh (MP), to help princely states maintain law and order during British rule.
Influence : The formation of the force was influenced by the Madras Resolution passed by the All India Congress Committee (AICC) in 1936, which called for a strong internal security system in India.
Reorganisation: After India gained independence, the force was renamed the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) on 28th December 1949 through an Act of Parliament, officially placing it under the jurisdiction of the Union Government.
Vision of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the first Home Minister of independent India, envisioned the CRPF as a multi-role force.
>>Read Full News

World Hepatitis Day 2025 – July 28World Hepatitis Day (WHD) is observed every year on 28 July across the globe to increase public awareness about viral hepatitis, a liver inflammation that can lead to serious liver diseases and liver cancer.

• July 28, 2025 marks the 15th observance of WHD, coordinated by the World Health Organization (WHO).
• 2025 Theme:  “Hepatitis: Let’s Break It Down”. It calls for urgent action to remove financial, social, systemic, and stigma-related barriers that impede hepatitis elimination and liver cancer prevention

History of World Hepatitis Day (WHD):
Origin: The first global World Hepatitis Day was observed on 19 May 2008, initiated by the World Hepatitis Alliance in collaboration with various patient groups.
Adoption: In May 2010, the 63rd World Health Assembly (WHA) held in Geneva, Switzerland, adopted the resolution WHA63.18 on viral hepatitis, officially designating 28 July as the date for annual WHD observance.
First Observance: The first WHO-recognised World Hepatitis Day was observed on 28 July 2011.
>>Read Full News

World Nature Conservation Day 2025  – July 28World Nature Conservation Day(WNCD) is celebrated every year on July 28 to emphasize the importance of protecting the Earth’s natural resources and preserving biodiversity for a sustainable future.

• This day serves to raise global awareness about the urgent need to protect and sustainably manage the Earth’s natural resources: air, water, soil, plants, and animals, to maintain a healthy planet for current and future generations.

History:
Origin: In June 1972, during the United Nations(UN) Conference on the Human Environment in Stockholm, Sweden, the UN General Assembly(UNGA) officially designated July 28 as WNCD, marking a pivotal moment in global environmental awareness and conservation efforts.
Global Commitment: This observance aligns with broader environmental initiatives born at that landmark conference, which also led to the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme(UNEP).
>>Read Full News

STATE NEWS

Odisha CM Inaugurated 1st ever ‘ODISHA TEX 2025’  in Bhubaneswar In July 2025, Mohan Charan Majhi, Chief Minister (CM) of Odisha inaugurated the 1st ever ‘ODISHA TEX 2025’, Eastern India’s largest textile and apparel industry event. It was jointly organised by the state government of Odisha in collaboration with Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce & Industry (FICCI) at the Odisha Secretariat, in Bhubaneswar (Odisha).
Highlights of ODISHA TEX 2025:
Participating Companies: The event brought together over 650 delegates, including global brands, leading textile and apparel companies, investors, technology providers, startups and senior officials.
Launch of two Textile Parks: During the event, CM Mohan Charan Majhi, launched two state-of-the-art Textile and Footwear Parks with plug-and-play facilities for international standard manufacturing.

•  He also unveiled an ambitious vision of the state government which is expected to create over 1 lakh jobs in textiles and apparel by 2030.

Increase in Employment Cost Subsidy: During the event, CM Majhi announced that employment cost subsidy under the Odisha Technical Textile & Apparel Policy 2022, will be raised from Rs 5,000 to Rs 6,000 per month for male workers.

• For female workers, it will be increased from Rs 6,000 to Rs 7,000 per month.

MoUs Signed : Odisha government has signed a total of 33 Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) with various textile and apparel sector companies, with investment worth Rs 7,808 crore and expected to generate 53,300 job opportunities.
>>Read Full News

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