Current Affairs 1 November 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of 8th ISA Assembly Held from October 27 to 30, 2025, in New DelhiThe Government of India(GoI), in partnership with the International Solar Alliance (ISA), hosted the 8th Session of the ISA Assembly from October 27 to 30, 2025 at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The assembly was chaired by Union Minister Raj Kumar (R.K.) Singh, Ministry of Power (MoP), and co-chaired by Benoit Faraco, the special envoy for Climate Negotiations, France.
• The opening plenary of the 8th ISA Assembly was inaugurated by the President of India, Droupadi Murmu, who called for inclusive and sustainable growth.

Highlights of 8th ISA Assembly:
Theme: The 2025 assembly was held under the theme titled “One Sun, One World, One Grid”.
China Joins ISA: Ashish Khanna, Director-General (DG) of the ISA, announced that China will join ISA to expand its global reach.
ISA Initiatives 2025:
SUNRISE Initiative:  During the event, Solar Upcycling Network for Recycling, Innovation & Stakeholder Engagement (SUNRISE) initiative was launched by GOI.
OSOWOG Initiative: One Sun, One World, One Grid (OSOWOG) initiative, launched by GOI and the United Kingdom (UK), envisions a globally interconnected solar power grid, enabling the transfer of clean energy across borders, from regions with surplus solar power to those with deficits.
SIDS Solar Procurement Platform: The SIDS Solar Procurement Platform, jointly developed by the ISA, World Bank Group, and India as the host and primary supporter was launched under ISA, designed to empower SIDS with clean, affordable, and resilient energy solutions, with the signing of an in-principle Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) by ministers and heads of delegations of SIDS.
ISA Knowledge Reports: The Assembly also witnessed the launch of five ISA knowledge products, highlighting key trends shaping the global solar landscape.
>>Read Full News

DRDO Hands Over 12 LAToTs to Industry Partners During SAMANVAY 2025In October 2025, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) handed over 12 Licensing Agreements for Transfer of Technology (LAToTs) covering eight indigenous defence products to industry partners during the inaugural session of SAMANVAY 2025, a two-day industry synergy organised by the Electronics and Communication Systems (ECS) Cluster of DRDO in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
About DRDO Technology Transfer and Industry Engagement Initiative: 
Range of Technologies: The transferred technologies include innovations such as Electronic Warfare Suites, Laser Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Systems, and other strategic solutions.
Industry Participation: The event witnessed participation from over 150 industry representatives, including Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and start-ups, showcasing strong industrial interest in indigenous defence technology.
Industry Interface: DRDO announced the creation of Industry Interaction Groups (IIGs) at all its laboratories and headquarters to enhance engagement and collaboration with industry partners.
Capability: The LAToT handovers signify a major step in operationalising indigenous technologies, bridging the gap between research and large-scale production.
Policy Alignment: The initiative aligns with the Revised DRDO Transfer of Technology (ToT) Policy 2025, which aims to simplify procedures and empower MSMEs through the Technology Development Fund (TDF) that provides up to Rs. 50 crore per project.
About Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO):
Chairman – Dr Samir Vankatpati Kamat
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Established – 1958
>>Read Full News

India-Sri Lanka 1st JWG Meeting on Agriculture Held in New Delhi
In October 2025, the 1st Joint Working Group (JWG) meeting on Agriculture between India and Sri Lanka was held at Krishi Bhawan in New Delhi, Delhi.

• During the meeting, India and Sri Lanka reaffirmed the shared commitment to strengthen cooperation in food and nutritional security in both countries.

About India-Sri Lanka 1st JWG Meeting:
Co-chaired by: Dr. Devesh Chaturvedi, Secretary of Department of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (DA&FW), Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MoA&FW), India co-chaired the meeting along with D.P. Wickramasinghe, Secretary of Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Land and Irrigation, Government of Sri Lanka.
Areas of Discussions: During the meeting, discussions were held across key areas such as: farm mechanization, organic and natural farming, seed sector development, agri-entrepreneurship, agricultural education, soil health management, market access, and climate-resilient agriculture.

• In addition to these, opportunities for joint research, and capacity building were also explored.
• Also, the meeting covered initiatives like: digital agriculture, crop insurance, and agri-startups.

Other Key Highlight: The delegation from Sri Lanka also visited the Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Pusa (in New Delhi, Delhi), to get information about India’s agricultural research and innovation ecosystem.

Toshiba Delivered India’s First 220kV Mobile GIS System to POWERGRID
In October 2025, Toshiba Transmission & Distribution Systems (India) Private Limited (TTDI), a Toshiba Group company, delivered India’s first indigenously manufactured 220 kilovolts (kV) Mobile Gas-Insulated Switchgear (m-GIS) System to Power Grid Corporation of India Limited (POWERGRID), under the Ministry of Power(MoP).

• The system was jointly launched and flagged off from TTDI’s manufacturing facility at Rudraram, Telangana.

About 220kV m-GIS System:
Design and Development: Developed by TTDI under POWERGRID’s initiative, the system follows POWERGRID’s specifications and uses a modular “Connect–Disconnect–Redeploy” design for rapid setup and relocation.
Purpose: A compact and highly reliable system designed for safe, efficient high-voltage power distribution, ideal for space-constrained and emergency restoration environments.
Function: Ensures rapid deployment to support fast grid restoration, temporary power evacuation, and substation augmentation with minimal infrastructure and time.
Significance: Enhances grid flexibility, resilience, and disaster-readiness, reinforcing India’s pursuit of a self-reliant and robust power transmission network.
Future Developments: TTDI is set to deliver a 132 kV m-GIS system  in November 2025, followed by India’s first 400 kV m-GIS system in August 2026.

India Installed Power Capacity Surpasses 500 GW, RE Exceeds 50% of DemandIn October 2025, the Ministry of Power (MoP) announced that India’s total installed electricity generation capacity had surpassed the 500-gigawatt (GW) milestone, reaching 500.89 GW as of September 30, 2025, marking a major achievement in the nation’s energy sector.

India’s Total Power Capacity:
Non-Fossil Fuel Sources: India’s non-fossil fuel-based power capacity, comprising RE, hydro, and nuclear power, reached 256.09 GW, making up around 51% of India’s total installed power capacity for the first time.

• With this achievement, India has reached one of its key Conference of Parties (COP) 2026 “Panchamrit” goals to have 50% of installed electric power capacity from non-fossil fuel sources by 2030, five years ahead of schedule.

Fossil Fuel: The remaining 244.80 GW, representing about 49% of the energy, comes from fossil-fuel-based sources such as coal, Lignite, gas, and diesel.
Solar Power: Within the RE segment, solar power leads with 127.33 GW, followed by wind energy at 53.12 GW, demonstrating India’s strong progress in harnessing clean and sustainable energy sources.

• Other RE contributors include small hydro, biomass, and waste-to-energy projects.

Capacity Addition: India added 28 GW of non-fossil capacity and 5.1 GW of fossil-fuel based capacity from April to September 2025 of Financial Year 2025-26 (FY 26).
Record: On July 29, 2025, India achieved a milestone by recording its highest-ever share of RE in electricity generation and renewables supplied 51.5% of India’s total power demand of 203 GW.

• Out of the RE sources, solar power contributed 44.50 GW, wind power produced 29.89 GW, and hydropower generated 30.29 GW, as a result of favourable weather conditions and high-water availability in reservoirs.

About Ministry of Power:
Union Minister – Manohar Lal Khattar (Constituency – Karnal, Haryana)
Minister of State (MoS) – Shripad Yesso Naik (Constituency – North Goa, Goa)

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Dictionary. com Chooses “67” as Word of the Year 2025
In October 2025, Dictionary.com named “67(six – seven)” as its 2025 Word of the Year, reflecting the viral humor and chaos of online culture.

• The yearly selection acts as a “linguistic time capsule,” capturing the social trends and global events that shaped the year.

About the word ‘67’:
Term: Six seven(not sixty-seven) has become an internet trend, blending a song lyric, meme, and youth slang into one viral expression.
Origin: The trend began with Skrilla’s song “Doot Doot (6 7)”, where versions like 6 7, 6-7, or six-seven are used.
Impact: For Gen Alpha, “67” works as an inside joke or secret code, and for others, it reflects the fast-changing nature of language in the digital age.
Meaning: “67” can mean “so-so” or “maybe,” often shown with a playful hand gesture, though many use it just for fun or humor.

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

Reliance Collaborated with Google to Build India’s AI Infrastructure and Widen Access
In October 2025, Reliance Intelligence Limited, subsidiary of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), has entered into a strategic partnership with Google to accelerate the adoption of Artificial Intelligence (AI) across India.

• The collaboration aims to expand the access of advanced AI tools to consumers enterprises and developers, and  build local computing infrastructure, aligning with RIL’s ‘AI for All vision’.

Key Details:
Jio Google Gemini Offer: As part of this strategic partnership, Google will roll out AI Pro Plan which features the latest Google Gemini model, valued at Rs 35,100 per user.

• As per this plan, Jio users aged 18-25, who are on unlimited 5G plans, will get free access to Google Gemini 2.5 Pro model for 18 months.
• This new AI plan will also offer other benefits to Jio users like: enhanced image and video generation limits through Nano Banana and Veo 3.1 models, expanded access to Notebook LM for study and research, and other AI-powered tools.

Expanding Access of TPUs: Further, Reliance Intelligence has also collaborated with Google Cloud to expand access to advanced AI hardware accelerators, Tensor Processing Units (TPUs), specialized chips used to train AI models.

Gemini Enterprise: For enterprises, the Reliance Intelligence will drive the adoption of Google Cloud’s Gemini Enterprise, a unified platform that will enable Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to create, share, and deploy AI agents securely.

• Under the collaboration, Reliance Intelligence will develop ready-to-deploy AI agents within the platform, for local use cases in sectors like retail, finance, and manufacturing.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

JGBS, GIM Received AACSB International Accreditation
In October 2025, Haryana based Jindal Global Business School (JGBS), a multidisciplinary school in O.P. Jindal Global University (JGU) and Goa Institute of Management (GIM) have received the AACSB International (Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business) accreditation, placing them among the top 6% of business schools worldwide.

About AACSB International Accreditation: 
Overview: It is the world’s largest and most prestigious business education alliance, based in the United States of America (USA), which accredits institutions that maintain the highest global standards of excellence in management education.
Accreditation: Assesses business schools on key parameters such as teaching quality, research impact, societal contribution, and student learning outcomes through a rigorous multi-year peer-reviewed process.
Evaluation Process: The accreditation process is multi-year and peer-reviewed, focusing on academic rigor, faculty excellence, continuous improvement, and institutional integrity.
Global & National Standing: Only 6% of global and 1% of Indian business schools hold AACSB accreditation, highlighting its exclusivity and prestige in management education.

Global Finance names SBI ‘World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025’ and ‘Best Bank in India 2025In October 2025, the State Bank of India (SBI) has been awarded the “World’s Best Consumer Bank 2025” and “Best Bank in India 2025” by Global Finance, a leading New York (NY) based publication.

Key Highlights
Award Ceremony: The ceremony held in Washington, D.C, United States of America (USA), alongside the IMF (International Monetary Fund)- World Bank (WB) Annual Meetings, where top banks from across the world were honoured for excellence in performance and innovation.
SBI: With a customer base exceeding 520 million (mn), the SBI constitutes one of the largest consumer networks globally.

• The bank onboards approximately 65,000 new customers each day, a significant proportion of whom originate from rural and semi-urban regions

YONO: The YONO (You Only Need One) app was launched in 2017 as part of SBI’s mission to integrate banking, lifestyle, and e-commerce services on one digital platform.

• As a ‘Digital First, Consumer First’ bank, our flagship mobile application serves over 100 million customers, with 10 million daily active users.”

About State Bank of India (SBI)
The SBI traces its origins to the merger of three presidency banks—Bank of Bengal, Bank of Bombay, and Bank of Madras—which were amalgamated in 1921 to form the Imperial Bank of India. The Imperial Bank was later nationalised in 1955, giving rise to the SBI.
Chairman: Shri Challa Sreenivasulu Setty
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Establishment: 1st July 1955
Tagline: Pure Banking, Nothing Else

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Justice Surya Kant Appointed as 53rd CJI; Take Oath on November 24, 2025In October 2025, the Department of Justice (DoJ), Ministry of Law and Justice (MoL&J), announced that the President of India, Droupadi Murmu, has appointed Justice Surya Kant, the senior-most judge of the Supreme Court (SC), as the 53rd Chief Justice of India (CJI) under Article 124(2) of the Indian Constitution. He will be the first CJI from Haryana.

• He will officially assume the charge on November 24 2025, succeeding incumbent CJI Bhushan Ramkrishna (BR) Gavai, who is set to retire on November 23, 2025.
• He will retire from this post on February 09, 2027 on attaining the age of 65 years.

About Surya Kant:
Law Practice: Justice Surya Kant started his law practice from his home town i.e. at District Court in Hisar in Haryana in 1984 and later, he shifted his practice to the Punjab and Haryana High Court(HC) in Chandigarh in 1985.
Youngest Advocate General: On July 7, 2000, at age 38, he became the youngest Advocate General of Haryana and was designated Senior Advocate in March 2001.
Judicial Career: In January 2004, he was appointed as a permanent judge to the Punjab and Haryana HC. He was appointed as the CJ of the Himachal Pradesh (HP) HC on October 05, 2018, before being elevated to SC on May 24, 2019.
NALSA: He served as a member of National Legal Services Authority (NALSA)’s governing body (2007–2011) and has been its Executive Chairman since May 24, 2025.
>>Read Full News

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Pravaig Unveils India’s First Defense EV ‘VEER’ for Defense operations
In October 2025, Pravaig Dynamics Private Limited unveiled the VEER, an Electric Tactical All-Terrain Vehicle (E-TATV) developed for special operations, reconnaissance, and forward-patrol missions.

• It is India’s first defence-Electric Vehicle(EV), and is hailed as one of the world’s first operational electric tactical vehicles designed specifically for military use.

About VEER: 
Powertrain: Equipped with dual electric motors in an all-wheel-drive setup, delivering around 408 horsepower(hp) and 620 Newton-meter(Nm) of torque.
Battery & Range: Powered by a ~90.9 kilowatt-hour(kWh) battery pack, offering a claimed range of over 500 kilometer(km) on a single charge.
Charging: Can recharge from 0% to 80% in about 30 minutes, enabling quick field readiness.
Payload Capacity: Reportedly supports a payload of about 690 kg and can tow up to 2,500 kilogram(kg).
Recognition: The vehicle has successfully completed extensive military trials and earned recognition under the Ministry of Defense’(MoD’s) Innovations for Defense Excellence (iDEX) programme.

Google’s Willow Chip Achieves First Verifiable Quantum Advantage
In October 2025, Google announced that its Willow quantum processor has achieved the first-ever verifiable quantum advantage, marking a major breakthrough toward the first real-world application of quantum computing.

• The result was published in Nature, a British weekly scientific journal, by Google Quantum AI and Collaborators.

About Verifiable Quantum Advantage:
Verifiability: The result is verifiable and repeatable, as it can be independently confirmed by other quantum computers or experiments, representing an important milestone toward practical quantum computing.
Algorithm: The discovery is driven by a new algorithm called Quantum Echoes, that uses a special quantum measurement called the Out-of-Time-Ordered Correlator (OTOC) to study information flow in quantum systems, achieving speeds about 13,000 times faster than top supercomputers.
Function: The Quantum Echoes algorithm can explain interactions between atoms in a molecule using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR).
Potential Applications: Paves the way for future uses in drug discovery and materials science by helping to learn the structure of complex systems, from molecules to magnets.
Significance:This marks a major step toward real-world quantum computing, showing clear and proven performance superiority over classical supercomputers in a practical scientific task.

SPORTS

Tamil Nadu’s 16-Year-Old Ilamparthi AR Becomes India’s 90th Chess GMOn 30 October 2025, 16-year-old Ilamparthi Avalpoondurai Ravikumar, from Chennai, Tamil Nadu (TN), became India’s 90th Chess Grandmaster (GM) by securing his final GM norm and achieved an International Chess Federation (FIDE) rating of 2518 (as of October 2025) at the Bijeljina tournament in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Europe.

• His achievement also makes him the 35th GM from TN.

About Ilamparthi A.R.
GM title Journey: Ilamparthi earned his first GM norm at the Hanoi Tournament 2023 in Vietnam, followed by a second at the Singapore International Open 2024.

• After crossing the 2500 Elo mark during the Rilton Cup 2024–25, he secured his final norm in Bosnia, achieving the GM title.

Previous Achievements: Ilamparthi’s chess journey features remarkable milestones — from winning the World Youth Chess Championship (U-14) in 2022 and dominating the WR Chess Masters Juniors 2023 to leading Velammal MHS School to team gold in 2025; he also became an IM in 2023 (Under 8 Category) after crossing the 2400 FIDE rating mark.
India’s Grandmaster Milestones:
Viswanathan Anand (1988) – India’s first Grandmaster, who later made history by becoming the country’s first World Chess Champion.
Koneru Humpy (2002) – India’s first Woman Grandmaster, achieving the title at just 15 and becoming the youngest female GM in the world at that time.
FIDE Criteria for Chess GM Qualification:
Three GM Norms: Players must perform exceptionally well in FIDE-approved tournaments against strong, titled opponents.
2500 Elo Rating: They need to reach a FIDE rating of at least 2500 at any point in their career.
International Tournaments: The norms must be earned in events featuring players from different countries.
Performance Rating: Each norm should show a performance level of around 2600 or above

OBITUARY

Former Indian Hockey Goalkeeper Manuel Frederick passed awayOn October 31,2025, former Indian hockey goalkeeper Manuel Frederick, who played a pivotal role in India’s bronze medal win at the 1972 Munich Olympics(Germany), passed away in Bengaluru(Karnataka) at the age of 78.

•  He was born on 20 October 1947 in Barnasseri, Kannur (Kerala).
• He was the first sportsperson from Kerala to secure an Olympic medal.

About Manuel Frederick:
Sports Journey: He started with football in school at Kannur(Kerala) and later joined the Army School Sports Company in Bengaluru, where he switched to hockey and advanced through the Services teams.
International Debut: He made his international debut for India in 1971 and served as the first-choice goalkeeper for the 1972 Munich Olympics.
National Career: His seven-year national career earned him recognition for his outstanding penalty-stroke saves and fearless goalkeeping.
Hockey World Cups: Nicknamed “Tiger” for his fearless and instinctive play, he represented India in two Hockey World Cups, winning silver at the 1973 World Cup(Netherlands) and also participated in the 1978 World Cup(Argentina).
Post Retirement: He retired from hockey in 1979 and continued to support Indian hockey by playing for Army Service Corps(ASC), Hindustan Aeronautics Sporting Club Limited(HAL), and Mohun Bagan clubs.
Awards: In 2019, he received the Major Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games for his remarkable contribution to Indian hockey.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

Sahitya Akademi Releases Hindi Translation of “The Last Day” as “Antim Din”
In October 2025, the Sahitya Akademi, under the Ministry of Culture, released the Hindi translation of the Lithuanian novel “The Last Day”, titled “Antim Din”, at Rabindra Bhawan in New Delhi(Delhi), in collaboration with the Embassy of Lithuania.

• Originally written by Lithuanian-Ukrainian author Jaroslavas Melnikas, the 250-page novel was translated into Hindi by Dr. Poonam Tiwari for wider Indian readership.

About Novel”Antim Din”:
Milestone: The translation marks a significant achievement as it is the first-ever Lithuanian fiction work to be translated into Hindi.
Theme: The novel delves into existential change, culture, and identity, introducing Lithuanian literature to the Indian language readership.
Significance: The translation deepens cultural ties between India and Lithuania, showcasing Sahitya Akademi’s commitment to promoting global literature in Indian languages.

IMPORTANT DAYS

National Unity Day (Rashtriya Ekta Diwas) 2025 – October 31 National Unity Day or Rashtriya Ekta Diwas is observed on 31 October to commemorate the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the “Iron Man of India.”

• 31 October 2025 marks the 150th birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel.

Background:
Declaration: In 2014, the Government of India (GoI) led by Prime Minister(PM) Narendra Modi declared October 31, the birth anniversary of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, to be observed as National Unity Day to honor his efforts in uniting India.
First Observation: The first National Unity Day was observed on 31 October 2014.
2025 Events:
Event: The annual National Unity Day celebration, coordinated by the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT) under the Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions (MoPP&P), was held at Statue of Unity, Ekta Nagar, Gujarat.
Lead: On 31 October 2025, to mark the 150th Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel’s birth anniversary or National Unity Day, PM Narendra Modi led a major ‘Unity Parade’ at Statue of Unity, Kevadia, Gujarat. He administered the Rashtriya Ekta Diwas Pledge.
Release: During the event, PM Narendra Modi released a Rs.150 commemorative coin and a postage stamp in tribute to Sardar Patel as part of the 150th-birth-anniversary celebrations.
Announcement: On October 31, 2025, the MHA announced that 1,466 personnel from various States/Union Territories (UTs), Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs), and Central Police Organisations (CPOs) were awarded the Kendriya Grihmantri Dakshata Padak for the year 2025.
>>Read Full News

World Cities Day 2025 – October 31The United Nations’ World Cities Day (WCD), observed annually across the globe on October 31 to raise awareness about urbanization, foster international cooperation, and promote sustainable urban development.

• 31st October 2025 marks the 12th WCD.

Theme:
2025 Theme: “People-Centred Smart Cities”
Focus: The theme emphasizes using technology, data-driven decision-making, and artificial intelligence (AI) to improve urban life for all citizens.
General Theme: “Better City, Better Life”, which remains constant for every year.

Background:
Resolution: The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), through Resolution A/RES/68/239 adopted on December 27, 2013, officially designated October 31 each year as WCD.
First Observation: The inaugural WCD was celebrated on October 31, 2014, in Shanghai, People’s Republic of China.
2025 Event:
Purpose: Each year, a global host city is selected to highlight successful urbanization practices or address key challenges arising from urban growth.
Host City for WCD 2025: The Global Observance of WCD 2025 is being held in Agora Bogota Convention Centre, Bogotá, Colombia.
Urban October:
Significance: Urban October begins with World Habitat Day on the first Monday of October and concludes with WCD on October 31, marking the month-long observance dedicated to urban development and sustainability.
Origin: It was, initiated by the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat) in 2014, aims to raise awareness about global urban challenges and encourage worldwide participation in advancing the New Urban Agenda.
Global Urbanization Trends and Projections:
Past Scenario: Until 2009, the global population was predominantly rural, with more people living in villages than in cities.
Current Situation: Around 55% of the world’s population resides in urban areas such as towns and cities.
Future Projection: By 2050, the level of urbanisation is expected to rise to nearly 70% worldwide.
About United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat):
Executive Director (ED) – Anacláudia Rossbach
Headquarters – Nairobi, Kenya
Established – 1977

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