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Cause and Effects
- In the following question, three statements numbered I, II and III are given. Read all the statements and determine the cause and effect relationship between them.
I. In urban areas, the poor bear the brunt of environmental effects such as water or air pollution.
II. The rapid urban development has outpaced the development of environmental infrastructure in many large cities.
III. Just for the own sake of profit, builders in urban areas are indulge in construction work without tendering about the environment and urban poor, who mostly dies from chronicle diseases.
1) Statement II is the cause, I and III are its effects.
2) Statement I is the cause, I and III are its effects.
3) Statement III is the cause, I and II are its effects.
4) Statement III is the cause and II is its effects while statement I is an effect of some independent cause.
5) None of theseAnswer – 3)
Explanation:
Just because of builders which are indulge in profit business without caring about environment and poor people which suffers most and dies due to chronicle diseases. And development of environment has lack behind due to rapid urban development. Thus, statement III is the cause, I and II are its effect. - Statement: Prime Minister Narendra Modi launched three mega flagship schemes aimed at transforming Urban India, including the much talked about Smart Cities proposal, with a whopping Rs.4 lakh crore kitty having been lined up for the projects. He also unveiled logo of the housing mission, which has his personal touch in the finalization of its design. Speaking at the event, Modi said, “The decision to make cities smart will be taken not by governments but by the people of the city, the local administration. Let there be competition between cities in development so that smart cities come up.”
Which of the following will be an effect of the initiative taken by the government?
1) Ensuring water supply to each household, sewer connections, sanitation and solid waste management in rural and urban governance would be the focus under the scheme.
2) Quality of life will improve in rural and urban areas.
3) Provision of roads and public transportation beside implementation of reforms in urban governance would be the focus under the scheme.
4) Millions of jobs will be created and scarcity of houses will be removed in urban and rural areas.
5) All of the above.Answer – 3)
Explanation:
Note that we are talking about Smart Cities Mission. Thus, anything related to rural areas is beyond the scope. Whereas, in option (3), we focus only on urban development. Hence, option (3) will be an effect of the statement. - In the following questions, two statements numbered I and II are given. There may be cause and effect relationship between the two statements. These two statements may be the effect of the same cause or independent causes. These statements may be independent causes without having any relationship. Read both the statements in each question and mark your answer accordingly.
I. Recently, an Air India Airbus was grounded in Delhi because of a technical swag.
II. Air India faces a severe shortage of maintenance Engineers.
1) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect;
2) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect;
3) If both the statements I and II are independent causes;
4) If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes;
5) If both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.Answer – 2)
Explanation:
As Air India is facing a severe shortage of maintenance engineers the technical swag is a common sight. Hence, II is the cause and I is the effect. - I. The standard of living in the Indian setup has seen a sharp rise along with a marked increase in consumer spending over the past few years.
II. The gross domestic income has seen a fluctuation in the past few years which might not bode well for the Indian economy at large.
1) Statement 1 is a cause and statement 2 is an effect.
2) Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
3) Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
4) Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
5) Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.Answer – 4)
Explanation:
Neither statement has seen any corroboration for why it is happening. Hence, both the statements are the effects of independent causes. - Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar on Monday launched a State-wide campaign as one of the major step for women empowerment to abolish dowry, stated it as major drawback of our society. Is this decision sufficient to get rid from this custom, which is running from long time in Bihar?
Which of the following will be best suited option to get rid from dowry with their explanation?
1) Yes, as State govt. is launching state wide campaign, it will impact the whole society of Bihar.
2) No, It will not impact too much until thinking of people will change and dowry will be declared as illegal and punishable offence in Bihar.
3) Yes, as many NGO run by women will also come against dowry.
4) No, It has been set in nerves of Bihar’s society as one of the necessities of the marriage.
5) Yes, as other states will also follow Mr. Kumar step to abolish dowry from society.Answer – 2)
Explanation:
For 1) it may be the possible approach but can’t be the best suited option as dowry is like stubborn custom which cannot be eradicate easily.
For 2) it will be the best suited option as it is necessary to change the thinking of people but most important thing is to make dowry system as illegal and make it as punishable offence.
For 3) it will not make any major changes in the thinking of persons.
For 4) it is right that it has been set in the nerves of people as one of the necessities but it has not suggested any action to get out this stubborn custom.
For 5) it will make some impact all over India, as others states will follow Mr. Kumar but this step will not uproot it. - Statements:
1. The government has recently fixed the fees for professional courses offered by the unaided institutions which are much lower than the fees charged last year.
2. The parents of the aspiring students launched a severe agitation last year protesting against the high fees charged by the unaided institutions.
1) Statement I is a cause and statement II is an effect.
2) Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
3) Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
4) Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
5) Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.Answer – 2)
Explanation:
The parents’ protest against high fees being charged by the institutions led the government to interfere and fix the fees at a more affordable level. - Education has been a problem in our country and lack of it has been blamed for all sorts of evil for hundreds of years. Half the country does not even today have access to proper education, and only a small fraction can go to university.
Which of the following substantiates the given statement?
1) Our education system today encourages excellence – in students, in teachers, throughout the system.
2) Our new education system creates entrepreneurs, innovators, artists, scientists, thinkers and writers who can establish the foundation of a knowledge based economy.
3) India needs to embrace internet and technology if it has to teach all of its huge population, the majority of which is located in remote villages.
4) Our education system is geared towards teaching and testing knowledge at every level as opposed to teaching skills.
5) We may have the most number of engineering graduates in the world that has been translated into much technological innovation here.Answer – 3)
Explanation:
For ( 1) – This statement does not substantiates the given statement as it mentioned that Our education system today encourages excellence whereas given statement states that Education has been a problem in our country.
For (2) – This statement does not substantiates the given statement because it mentioned that Our new education system creates entrepreneurs and foundation of a knowledge based economy.
For (3) – This statement substantiates the given statement as it mentioned that India needs internet and technology if it has to teach all population in remote villages which is also mentioned in the given statement that Half the country does not even today have access to proper education, and only a small fraction can go to university.
For (4) – This statement does not substantiates the given statement because it mentioned that Our education system is geared towards teaching and testing knowledge whereas given statement states that Education has been a problem in our country.
For (5) – This statement does not substantiates the given statement because it mentioned that We may have the most number of engineering graduates in the world whereas given statement states that Half the country does not even today have access to proper education, and only a small fraction can go to university. - Statements:
I. The private medical colleges have increased the tuition fees in the current year by 200 per cent over the last year’s fees to meet the expenses.
II. The Government medical colleges have not increased their fees in spite of price escalation.
1) Statement I is a cause and statement II is an effect.
2) Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
3) Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
4) Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
5) Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.Answer – 3)
Explanation:
The increase in the fees of the private colleges and there being no increase in the same in Government colleges seem to be policy matters undertaken by the individual decisive boards at the two levels. - Statements:
I. The Reserve Bank of India has recently put restrictions on few small banks in the country.
II. The small banks in the private and co-operative sector in India are not in a position to withstand the competitions of the bigger in the public sector.
1) Statement I is a cause and statement II is an effect.
2) Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.
3) Both the statements I and II are independent causes.
4) Both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.
5) Both the statements I and II are effects of some common cause.Answer – 2)
Explanation:
The inability of the small banks to compete with the bigger ones shall not ensure security and good service to the customers, which is an essential concomitant that has to be looked into by the Reserve Bank. I seems to be a remedial step for the same. - The difficulty with the proposed high-speed train line is that a used plane can be bought for one-third the price of the train line, and the plane, which is just as fast, can fly anywhere. The train would be a fixed linear system, and we live in a world that is spreading out in all directions and in which consumers choose the free-wheel systems (cars, buses, aircraft), which do not have fixed routes. Thus a sufficient market for the train will not exist.
Which of the following, if true, most severely weakens the statement presented above?
1) Cars, buses, and planes require the efforts of drivers and pilots to guide them, whereas the train will be guided mechanically.
2) Cars and buses are not nearly as fast as the high-speed train will be.
3) Planes are not a free-wheel system because they can fly only between airports, which are less convenient for consumers than the high-speed train’s stations would be.
4) The high-speed train line cannot use currently underutilized train stations in large cities.
5) For long trips, most people prefer to fly rather than to take ground-level transportation.Answer – 3)
Explanation:
1) The method of guidance is irrelevant to the argument about freewheel versus fixed linear systems 2) The passage compares the speed and system models of airplanes and high-speed trains. The argument does not incorporate buses and cars, which are included only to give examples of free-wheel system, and so this statement is irrelevant.
3) This statement properly identifies the weakness in the argument: Airplanes are not truly a free-wheel system because they are restricted to travelling between airports. Additionally airports tend to be less conveniently located than train terminals, which have further potential to weaken the argument in favour of airplanes.
4) The inability of high-speed trains to use some convenient train stations strengthens, rather than weakens, the argument in favour of airplanes.
5) Consumer preference for air travel over ground travel on long trips strengthens, rather than weakens, the argument in favour of airplanes.
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