Overview of COP30 Summit Held from November 10 to 21, 2025, in Belem, Brazil: Part II

The 30th session of the United Nations Climate Change Conference or 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations (UN) Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) concluded with the adoption of ‘Belem Package’, in Belem, Brazil.

• The COP30 summit was held from November 10 to 21, 2025.

India’s Participation at COP30:

India’s Representation: At the COP30 summit, India was represented by:

• Dinesh Bhatia, Indian Ambassador to Brazil, who represented India at the COP30 Leaders’ Summit on behalf of Prime Minister(PM) Narendra Modi.
• Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) who led India’s official delegation to the summit.

Key Engagements: On November 17, 2025, Union Minister Bhupender Yadav addressed the High-Level Ministerial Segment on the International Big Cats Alliance (IBCA), promoting “Big Cats Landscapes” as Nature-Based Climate Solutions.

• He delivered India’s National Statement at the High-Level Segment and co-chaired the Leadership Group for Industry Transition (LeadIT) Industry Leaders’ Roundtable with Sweden. He participated in the 11th Joint Crediting Mechanism (JCM) Partner Countries’ Meeting, organized by Japan.
• On November 19, 2025, he addressed the High-Level Ministerial Leadership Session of the International Solar Alliance (ISA) Small Island Developing States (SIDS) platform, held under the theme “Uniting Islands, Inspiring Action-Leadership for Energy Security”, calling for shared global action.
• On November 20, 2025, he addressed the Baku High-Level Dialogue on Adaptation and the Third Annual High-Level Ministerial Roundtable on Just Transition under the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Just Transition Work Programme.

LeadIT: It is a global initiative launched by India and Sweden in 2019 that brings together countries and companies to help heavy industries such as steel. It consists of 18 member countries and 27 companies.

Global Big Cats Summit: During the summit, Union Minister Bhupender Yadav announced the hosting of Global Big Cats Summit in 2026 in New Delhi, Delhi.

Publication Unveiled: The Government of India(GoI) released a publication titled “One Earth, One Family, One Future: A Decade of Climate Action”, showcasing India’s climate progress, state-level actions, adaptation measures, climate finance, and roadmap to a Sustainable Bharat 2047.

India Joined TFFF : India joined as an observer of the Tropical Forests Forever Facility (TFFF) led by Brazil, enabling it to participate in discussions and track developments without fully committing money or other obligations.

• TFFF is a global initiative which aims to protect tropical forests by financially rewarding countries that conserve and expand forest cover.

Key outcome of COP30 Summit:

Belem Package Approved: COP30, involving 195 countries, adopted the Belem Package, a set of 29 decisions covering a wide range of issues such as adaptation finance, just transition, trade, gender, technology, mitigation, and implementation support.

• The Parties committed to double adaptation finance by 2025 and triple it by 2035.

ARISE Initiative : The Climate Investment Fund (CIF), a global climate financial institution, launched Accelerating Resilience Investments and Innovations for Sustainable Economies (ARISE) programme.

Aim: Under ARISE, CIF supports Least Developed Countries (LDCs) and Small Island Developing States(SIDS) in building sectoral resilience and integrating climate adaptation into development, while mobilizing large-scale financing through concessional funds, Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs), private capital, and co-financing.

Funding: Germany and Spain committed a combined contribution of USD 100 million, encompassing USD 63.25 million (Germany) and USD 36.8 million (Spain).

National Digital Carbon Credit Registry: The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) launched the National Digital Carbon Credit Registry, a central national system to record, verify, track, and manage all carbon-credit projects inside the country.

• DRC aims to protect its forests, earn revenue from verified carbon credits, and control and regulate all carbon-market activities.

Fossil Fuel Treaty: During the summit, Cambodia became the 18th country to join Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty. It is a global campaign aiming for a binding agreement to stop new fossil-fuel projects, gradually phasing out production of oil, gas, and coal.

• India has not yet joined the treaty.

17 Countries Joined Blue NDC Challenge:

Blue NDC Challenge: During the summit, 17 counties joined the Blue Nationally Determined Challenge (NDC) Challenge, a global initiative co-launched by Brazil and France in 2025.

Commitments: The joined countries agreed to integrate ocean solutions into their NDCs, work with an international taskforce to implement marine-related projects, and mobilize finance, technology, and governance for ocean-based climate action.

List of Countries: The participating countries include Brazil, France, Australia, Fiji, Kenya, Mexico, Palau, Seychelles, Belgium, Cambodia, Canada, Indonesia, Portugal, Singapore, Chile, Madagascar, and the United Kingdom(UK).

Other Initiatives: During the summit, World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) and Greenspace issued a joint call urging all countries to agree to a clear, actionable roadmap to end and reverse deforestation by 2030.

• At COP30, parties committed to mobilising USD 1.3 trillion annually by 2035, tripling adaptation finance for vulnerable nations.
• Initiatives like the Global Implementation Accelerator and Belém Mission to 1.5degree Celsius (°C) aim to track Nationally Determined Contributions(NDC) progress and enhance accountability.
• The Just Transition Mechanism supports fossil fuel-dependent economies, while Brazil introduced roadmaps for deforestation and equitable fossil fuel transitions.
• The Belém Health Action Plan links climate action to public health, and the Tropical Forests Forever Facility incentivizes forest conservation with funding for Indigenous communities.
• COP30 reinforced equity, climate justice, gender-responsive policies, and Indigenous leadership, alongside a Climate-Trade Dialogue to align climate and trade goals, and the Global Mutirão Agreement to strengthen multilateral cooperation.

Earthshot Prize 2025: The 2025 Earthshot Prize was awarded to re.green (Brazil), City of Bogota (Colombia), The High Seas Treaty (Global Ocean Initiative), Lagos Fashion Week (Nigeria), and Friendship (Bangladesh) at an event held in  Brazil. It includes a cash prize of 1 million Euro each.

2026 Host: The 31st session of the United Nations Climate Change Conference or COP31 to the UNFCCC will be hosted by Turkey in 2026.

About United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC):
Executive Secretary – Simon Stiell
Headquarters – Bonn, Germany
Established – 1994