In March 2025, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI) released the Energy Statistics India 2025 report, detailing India’s energy consumption, production, and efficiency trends for the Financial Year 2023-24 (FY24).
- India’s energy intensity improved to 0.2180 Mega Joules (MJ) in FY24, down from 0.2192 MJ in FY23. The industrial sector contributed by reducing its energy use from 361.5 MJ to 284.2 MJ.
- Despite recent advancements, India continues to rely significantly on imports for its energy needs, with crude oil accounting for 89%, natural gas at 46.6%, and coal at 25.86%. Over the past decade, per capita energy consumption has increased by 25%.
Note: Energy Intensity is amount of energy required to generate one unit of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), whether measured in Indian Rupees (INR).
Key Highlights:
1.Renewable Energy(RE) Growth:
i.RE (excluding hydropower) in electricity generation rose to 12.1% (FY24) from 6% (FY15).
ii.RE potential reached 21,09,655 Megawatt (MW) by March 31, 2024:
- Wind (55.17%): 11,63,856 MW,
- Solar (35.5%): 7,48,990 MW,
- Large Hydro (6.32%): 1,33,410 MW.
iii.Electricity from RE surged from 2,05,608 Giga Watt Hour (GWh) (FY15) to 3,70,320 GWh (FY24), a 6.76% Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR).
2.RE Potential:
India’s RE potential is 21,09,655 MW. Rajasthan leads with 20% (4,28,322 MW) in solar and wind, followed by Maharashtra (12%), Gujarat (10%), and Karnataka (10%) in solar, wind, biomass, and hydropower generation.
- Collectively, these four states account for 52% of India’s total RE potential
3.Fossil Fuel Dependency and Imports:
i.In FY24, coal made up 79% of India’s domestic energy supply, with 69% used by the power sector.
ii.India’s import dependency remained high: 89% for crude oil, 46.6% for natural gas, and 25.86% for coal.
4.India’s Energy Reserves and Production:
i.Coal
- Reserves stood at 389.42 billion tonnes (March 2024) with major shares in Odisha (25.47%), Jharkhand (23.58%), Chhattisgarh (21.23%).
- Production grew by 11.71% to 997.83 million tonnes (FY24), with Non-Coking Coal accounting for 93.3%.
ii.Crude oil reserves were 671.40 million tons, primarily in Western Offshore (32%), Assam (21.66%), and Rajasthan (19.59%).
- Crude oil production up by 0.61% to 29.36 million tons.
iii.Natural gas reserves were 1,094.19 Billion Cubic Meters (BCM), with Western Offshore (31.28%) and Eastern Offshore (24.07%) leading, while the production up by 6.03% to 35.68 BCM.
iv.The lignite reserves totaled 47.30 billion tonnes, with Tamil Nadu (TN) holding the largest share, accounting for 79% of the total reserves.
5.Electricity Generation and Consumption:
i.Electricity availability rose by 7.25% to 16,46,998 Giga Watt Hour (GWh) (FY24), while the Transmission and Distribution (T&D) losses is 17.08% (FY24).
ii.Sector-wise energy consumption in India was as follows: 42% by the industrial sector, 24% by the domestic sector, 17% by agriculture, and 8% by the commercial sector.
6.Total Energy Supply and Demand:
In FY24, the Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) increased by 7.8% to 9,03,158 KToe (Kilo Tonnes of Oil Equivalent). The breakdown was as follows: 60.21% from coal, 29.83% from crude oil, and 6.99% from natural gas.
7.Per Capita Consumption Trends:
Per capita energy consumption rose by 25.4%, from 14,682 MJ in FY15 to 18,410 MJ in FY24. Additionally, per capita electricity usage increased by 48%, from 748 Kilo Watt Hour (KWh) in FY15 to 1,106 KWh in FY24.
8.Sector-Specific Energy Demand:
i.Agriculture/Forestry sector consumption rose to 22,564 Kilo Tonnes of Oil Equivalent (KToE) (FY24) from 15,347 KToE (FY15), a 4.38% CAGR.
ii.Total Final Consumption (TFC) surged 38% since FY15, reaching 6,13,605 KToE (FY24).
Note: In March 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) noted India’s energy efficiency grew at 1.9% annually (2000–2023), outpacing the global average of 1.4%, saving 399 million tonnes of Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions over the past decade.
