On 25th January 2024, the Department of Higher Education under the Ministry of Education (MoE) released the All India Survey on Higher Education (AISHE) 2021-22.
This marks the 12th edition of AISHE and the 2nd survey done through web Data Capture Format (DCF) format.
AISHE 2021-22:
i.AISHE 2021-22 registered a total of 1168 Universities/University level Institutions, 45,473 Colleges and 12,002 Stand Alone Institutions.
ii.Of this, only 1,162 Universities, 42,825 colleges and 10,576 Stand Alone Institutions have responded to the survey.
iii.The survey was conducted with the reference period as academic session 2021-22.
iv.In this survey, total student enrolment is collected in 8 levels: Under-Graduate(UG), Post Graduate(PG), Ph.D., M.Phil., Diploma, PG Diploma, Certificate, and Integrated.
Gross Enrolment Ratio:
i.In 2021-22, GER in Higher Education for the age group 18-23 years in India increased to 28.4 from 27.3 in 2020-21 and 23.7 in the base year 2014-15.
For Scheduled Caste(SC) and Scheduled Tribe (ST) students, the GER is 25.9 and 21.2 respectively.
ii.Total student enrolment in higher education in 2021-22 increased to around 4.33 crore (2021-22) from 4.14 crore (2020-21) with an increase of 26.5% from 2014-15.
- Of the total enrolment in 2021-22, 57.2 lakh students are enrolled in the science stream.
iii.Female enrolment in higher education increased to 2.07 crore (2021-22) from 1.57 crore (2014-15) which saw an increase of 32%. While female enrolment in 2021-22 increased to 2.07 crore from 2.01 crore compared to 2020-21.
Points to note:
i.The States/UTs with the highest Gross Enrolment Ratio(GER) are Chandigarh (64.8), Puducherry (61.5), Delhi (49), Tamil Nadu(TN) (47), Himachal Pradesh (43.1), Uttarakhand (41.8), Kerala (41.3) and Telangana (40).
ii.TN has topped among India’s large states with the highest GER in higher education institutes. TN has retained the top position for 5 academic years between 2017-2018 and 2021-2022.
- TN also has the highest GER among SC and ST students 39.4 and 43.9 respectively.
iii.Assam(16.9); Bihar(17.1); and Jharkhand(18.6) recorded the lowest GER among Indian states.
iv.Lakshadweep recorded as low as 1.1 since it does not have any higher education institutions.
Note: GER is the number of students enrolled in higher education as a percentage of individuals aged between 18-23 years.
Enrolment of SC and ST students:
i.In 2021, enrolment of SC students increased to 66.23 lakh from 46.07 lakh with an increase of 44%. Enrolment of SC female students surged to 51% since 2014-15.
ii.Enrolment of ST students has increased from 16.41 lakh (2014-15) to 27.1 lakh (2021-22). In the ST category, student enrolment increased by 65.2% since 2014-15. Enrolment of ST female students increased by 80% since 2014-15.
Gender Parity Index (GPI):
Gender Parity Index (GPI) which is the ratio of female GER to male GER is 1.01 in 2021-22. Last year, GPI was 1.05.
- Female GER continues to be more than male GER since 2017-18.
Faculty/Teachers in Higher Education:
i.The total number of faculty/teachers in 2021-22 are 15.98 lakh of which about 56.6% are male and 43.4% are female.
ii.Number of female teachers increased from 5.69 lakh in 2014-15 to 6.94 lakh, which saw an increase of 22%.
iii.In 2021-22, the number of females per 100 male faculty increased to 77 from 75 in 2020-21.
Out-Turn:
i.The survey stated that 1.07 crore students have passed out from various levels such as UG, PG, Ph.D., M.Phil., and other Diploma /Certificate courses. Among these, 54.6 lakh (50.8%) are females.
ii.The total number of pass-outs increased from 95.4 lakh (2020-21) to 1.07 crore (2021-22).
Number of Institutions:
i.The number of universities in 2021-22 increased to 1,168 in 2021-22 from 1,113 in 2020-21(increased by 55). Since 2014-15, 341 universities have been established.
ii.There are 17 universities exclusively for women.
iii.The number of colleges has increased by 1677, to 45,473 from 43,796 in 2020-21. 14,197 colleges have PG programmes and 1063 colleges have PhD programmes.
Key Points:
i.As per the survey, Uttar Pradesh (UP) has become the state with the highest number of colleges in India. the number of colleges in UP increased from 8,114 to 8,375 in 2021-22.
ii.The top 10 states in terms of the highest number of colleges in India: U.P., Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Telangana and West Bengal.
iii.Among the districts, Bengaluru Urban (Karnataka) (1106) has the maximum number of colleges followed by Jaipur(Rajasthan) (703) and Hyderabad (Telangana) (491).
iv.College Density (number of colleges per lakh population): States and UTs which have the highest college density: Karnataka (66), Telangana (52), Andhra Pradesh (49), Himachal Pradesh (47) and Puducherry (53).
About All India Survey on Higher Education(AISHE):
AISHE is an annual national survey conducted by the Ministry of Education (MoE) since 2010-2011. this aims to identify and cover all the institutions in India which are engaged in imparting higher education.
i.The survey classifies institutions into 3 main categories: University/University level institutions; Colleges/ Institutions; and Stand-alone institutions (not affiliated with universities)
ii.Data of the survey is prepared using various parameters like: student enrolment, data about teachers, infrastructural information and financial information.
iii.Indicators of educational development are institution density, GER, pupil-teacher ratio, and GPI calculated from the data collected through AISHE.
About the Ministry of Education (MoE):
Union Minister- Dharmendra Pradhan(Rajya Sabha- Madhya Pradesh)
Minister of State (MoS): Subhas Sarkar (Constituency- Bankura, West Bengal), Annapurna Devi Yadav (Constituency- Kodarma, Jharkhand), Rajkumar Ranjan Singh (Constituency- Inner Manipur, Manipur)
