The Nobel Prizes for 2022 in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace, as well as the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel for 2022, have been announced.
- The Nobel Prize is a prestigious international award administered by the Nobel Foundation in Stockholm, Sweden.
In 2022, 14 laureates were awarded the Nobel Prize for their contributions to mankind.
Winners Of Nobel Prize for The Year 2022
| No. | NOBEL LAUREATES | AWARDED FOR |
| Physics | ||
| 1 | Alain Aspect, Université Paris-Saclay and École Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France | For experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science |
| 2 | John F. Clauser , J.F. Clauser & Assoc., Walnut Creek, CA, USA | |
| 3 | Anton Zeilinger , University of Vienna, Austria | |
| Chemistry | ||
| 4 | Carolyn R. Bertozzi ,Stanford University, CA, USA | For the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry |
| 5 | K. Barry Sharpless ,Scripps Research, La Jolla, CA, USA | |
| 6 | Morten Meldal ,University of Copenhagen, Denmark | |
| Physiology or Medicine | ||
| 7 | Professor Svante Pääbo ,Sweden | For his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution |
| Literature | ||
| 8 | Annie Ernaux , France | For the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory |
| Peace | ||
| 9 | Ales Bialiatski ,Belarus | For outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power. For demonstrating the significance of civil society for peace and democracy. |
| 10 | Memorial , Russian Human Rights Organization | |
| 11 | Center for Civil Liberties(CCL) , Ukrainian Human Rights Organization | |
| The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel | ||
| 12 | Ben S. Bernanke , The Brookings Institution, Washington DC, USA | For research on banks and financial crises |
| 13 | Douglas W. Diamond , University of Chicago, IL, USA | |
| 14 | Philip H. Dybvig, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA | |
Description Regarding the 2022 Nobel Prize Categories
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2022
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to jointly award the Nobel Prize in Physics 2022 to Alain Aspect, John F. Clauser, and Anton Zeilinger.
Purpose: “For experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science”.
Key Points:
i.Each laureate has carried out breakthrough discoveries with entangled quantum states, in which two particles behave as a single unit even when separated.
ii.The ability of two or more particles to exist in an “entangled state”—as defined by quantum mechanics—is a crucial aspect of this development.
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to award the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2022 jointly to three researchers: Carolyn R. Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, and K. Barry Sharpless.
Purpose: “For the development of click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry”.
Key Points:
i.A functional branch of chemistry known as “click chemistry,” which allows molecules to assemble quickly and efficiently is pioneered by Barry Sharpless and Morten Meldal.
ii.Carolyn Bertozzi has advanced click chemistry by applying it to living organisms.
Note: John B. Goodenough, who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 at the age of 97, is the oldest recipient of the Nobel Prize to date.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2022
The Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet has decided to award Svante Pääbo the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2022.
Purpose: For his discoveries concerning the genomes of extinct hominins and human evolution.
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is the first of the awards to be announced in the year 2022.
About Svante Pääbo:
i.Pääbo, an expert in human evolution, pioneered the use of DNA analysis on ancient bones, particularly procedures for reading severely degraded DNA.
ii.He has received numerous science awards, including the esteemed Japan Prize 2020.
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2022
The French author Annie Ernaux has been awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature for 2022 by the Swedish Academy.
Purpose: “For the courage and clinical acuity with which she uncovers the roots, estrangements and collective restraints of personal memory”.
Key Points:
i.Ernaux is the first French Author to receive the Nobel Prize since Patrick Modiano in 2014.
ii.She is the 16th French writer to receive the Nobel Prize to date.
The Nobel Peace Prize 2022
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to give the ‘Nobel Peace Prize 2022’ to one individual and two organisations: human rights advocate Ales Bialiatski of Belarus, the Russian human rights organisation ‘Memorial’, and the Ukrainian human rights organisation ‘Center for Civil Liberties’.
Purpose: For outstanding effort to document war crimes, human right abuses and the abuse of power and for demonstrating the significance of civil society for peace and democracy.
Note: Malala Yousafzai, who was 17 years old when she received the Nobel Peace Prize in 2014, is the youngest recipient of the Nobel Prize to date.
The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2022
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has decided to jointly present the ‘Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel 2022’ to Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond, and Philip H. Dybvig.
Purpose: “For research on banks and financial crises”.
Key Points:
i.The discoveries of the laureates have greatly enhanced understanding of the function of banks in the economy, particularly during financial crises.
ii.One significant aspect from their research is the importance of avoiding bank collapses.
Nobel Prize: Genesis
i.The Nobel Prize honours Alfred Nobel, a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, and entrepreneur best known for inventing dynamite.
- Nobel was born on October 21, 1833, in Stockholm, Sweden, and passed away on December 10, 1896, in San Remo, Italy.
ii.Alfred Nobel made his last will and testament on November 27, 1895, leaving the majority of his wealth to a series of prizes in five fields: Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and Peace – the Nobel Prizes.
iii.In 1968, Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden’s central bank) established the Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, founder of the Nobel Prize. The first prize in economic sciences was awarded to Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen in 1969.
- The prize is officially not a Nobel Prize, but it is known as “The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.”
Key Facts on Nobel Prize
i.Since 1901, the Nobel Prizes have been awarded to Nobel laureates during ceremonies on December 10, the anniversary of Alfred Nobel’s death.
ii.The Nobel Prizes and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel were awarded to 989 individuals and organisations 615 times between 1901 and 2022.
iii.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in Stockholm, Sweden, bestows the Nobel Prize in Physics, the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel.
iv.The Nobel Prize in Literature is presented by the Swedish Academy.
v.The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine is presented by the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Sweden.
vi.The Nobel Peace Prize is presented by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a group of five members appointed by the Norwegian parliament.
vii.The current value of the Nobel Prize is 10 million Swedish Kronor (SEK) for each category.
- Each prize can have up to three recipients, who share the prize money between them.
viii.The Nobel Prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Physiology or Medicine, Literature, and the Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel are presented in Stockholm, Sweden, whereas the Nobel Peace Prize is presented in Oslo, Norway.
