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Welcome to Online English Section with explanation in AffairsCloud.com. Here we are providing some difficult words from editorials , which is important and very helpful for IBPS PO/CLERK/LIC AAO/RRB & SSC CGL EXAM and other exams !!!
The Hindu: Cleaning up: on reviewing laws in India
If law-making is a long and tedious process, it appears that unmaking existing laws is an equally arduous task. How else does one explain the fact that until three years ago, a huge number of obsolete Acts remained in the law books despite losing their relevance and utility? It has been only in the last three years that nearly 1,800 obsolete laws have been repealed. In the latest round, 235 outdated Acts and nine pre-Independence Ordinances have been repealed. These pieces of legislation may have been relevant and necessary at the time they were introduced, but in the absence of a periodic review they continue to burden the statutory corpus. These laws are archaic mainly because the social, economic and legal conditions that required their enactment does not obtain today; they are also not in tune with the progress of democracy since Independence. Among the Acts repealed are the Prevention of Seditious Meetings Act, 1911, the Bengal Suppression of Terrorist Outrages (Supplementary) Act, 1932, and the Preventive Detention Act, 1950. The country still has a body of ‘anti-terror’ legislation as well as preventive detention laws. Although such laws remain in the statute books, these particular enactments are redundant. Other questionable legal provisions, for example, those on ‘sedition’ or exciting disaffection against the state, remain; so do ‘adultery’ and ‘sex against the order of nature’. Such obsolete concepts and notions that underlie law-making also require an overhaul.
1.Tedious (adjective ) – ग़ैरदिलचस्प
Meaning –too long, slow, or dull; tiresome or monotonous.
Synonyms – boring, monotonous, dull, deadly dull, uninteresting, unexciting, unvaried, unvarying, lacking variety, mind-numbing, mindless, soul-destroying, soulless, humdrum, dreary, ho-hum, mundane, wearisome, wearying, tiresome, soporific, dry, as dry as dust, arid, lifeless, colourless, monochrome, uninspired, uninspiring, flat, plodding, slow, banal, vapid, insipid, bland, lacklustre, prosaic, run-of-the-mill, pedestrian, jejune, leaden, heavy.
Antonyms – entertaining, exciting, interesting.
Usage –the work was tedious and physically demanding.
2. Obsolete (adjective) – अप्रचलित
Meaning –no longer produced or used; out of date.
Synonyms – out of date, outdated, outmoded, old-fashioned; no longer in use, disused, fallen into disuse, superannuated, outworn, antiquated, antediluvian, anachronistic, discarded, discontinued, old, dated, antique, archaic, ancient, fossilized, extinct, defunct, dead, bygone, out of fashion, out, behind the times; démodé, passé, vieux jeu; informalold hat.
Antonyms –contemporary, current, in vogue, modern, new, present, up-to-date.
Usage – this remarkable aircraft will render all other fighters obsolete.
3.Relevance (noun) – प्रासंगिकता
Meaning – the quality or state of being closely connected or appropriate.
Synonyms –applicability, application, appositeness, bearing, concernment, congruity, germaneness, importance, materiality, pertinency, purpose, relevancy.
Antonyms –impotence, ineffectiveness, invalidity, weakness.
Usage –this film has contemporary relevance.
4.Repealed (verb) – को निरस्त कर दिया
Meaning –revoke or annul (a law or act of parliament).
Synonyms –abolition, abrogation, annulment, invalidation, nullification, rescinding, rescindment, rescission, revocation, withdrawal.
Antonynms –approval, enactment, passage, sanction, validation.
Usage –the legislation was repealed five months later.
5. Ordinances (noun) – नियम
Meaning – an authoritative order.
Synonyms – edict, decree, law, injunction, fiat, command, order, rule, ruling, dictum, dictate, directive, mandate, enactment, statute, act, canon, regulation; ukase; pronunciamento.
Antonyms –contradiction, countermand, opposition, recall, reversal, revocation.
Usage –the president issued a series of ordinances in 1944.
6.Relevant (adjective) – प्रासंगिक
Meaning – closely connected or appropriate to what is being done or considered.
Synonyms – authorization, canon, code, command, decree, dictum, direction, edict, enactment, fiat, mandate, order, precept, prescript, reg, regulation, ruling, statute, ukase.
Antonyms –contradiction, countermand, opposition, recall, reversal, revocation.
Usage – what small companies need is relevant advice.
7.Detention (noun) – निरोध
Meaning –the action of detaining someone or the state of being detained in official custody.
Synonyms –custody, imprisonment, confinement, incarceration, internment, captivity, restraint, arrest, house arrest, remand, committal; quarantine; archaicduress, durance.
Antonyms – freedom,liberation,release.
Usage –the fifteen people arrested were still in police detention.
8. Enactments (noun) – अधिनियमितियों
Meaning –the process of passing legislation.
Synonyms – – adoption.
Antonyms – repeal.
Usage –the enactment of equal pay legislation.
9. Redundant (adjective) – निरर्थक
Meaning –not or no longer needed or useful; superfluous.
Synonyms – – unnecessary, not required, inessential, unessential, needless, unneeded, uncalled for, dispensable, disposable, expendable, unwanted, useless; surplus, surplus to requirements, superfluous, too much/many, supernumerary, excessive, in excess, extra, additional, spare; de trop.
Antonyms –concise, essential, single, singular.
Usage –many churches have become redundant over the last twenty years.
10. Overhaul (verb) – जांच
Meaning – take apart (a piece of machinery or equipment) in order to examine it and repair it if necessary.
Synonyms – check, debug, do up, doctor, examine, fiddle with, fix, give facelift, improve, inspect, mend, modernize, patch, rebuild, recondition, reconstruct, reexamine, renew, repair, retread, revamp, service, survey.
Antonyms –derange, disarrange, unsuit.
Usage –the steering box was recently overhauled.
