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Welcome to Online English Section with explanation in AffairsCloud.com. Here we are providing some difficult words from editorials , which is important and very helpful for IBPS PO/CLERK/LIC AAO/RRB & SSC CGL EXAM and other !!!
TH Editorial: Fragile momentum: India’s economic growth
Turning around a large ship is never easy. So it must give policymakers a measure of satisfaction that the slowdown seen during the last fiscal year and in the first quarter has been reversed. Data released on Thursday show that economic growth as measured by the gross domestic product rebounded to 6.3% in the three months through September, from a three-year low of 5.7% in the preceding quarter. The reversal in direction apart, what is equally noteworthy is that this revival was coterminous with the nationwide roll-out of the goods and services tax from July 1. Interestingly, it was manufacturing that was in the vanguard of the rebound, with gross value added for the sector recovering smartly from the first quarter’s anaemic 1.2% growth to post a healthy 7% expansion. While the GVA data for the sector appear, on the face of it, to be significantly at variance from the Index of Industrial Production data that had been reported for the last quarter, the Central Statistics Office made it clear that the second-quarter IIP manufacturing growth figure of 2.2% was indeed factored in and used as a proxy for the approximately one-fifth of manufacturing GVA contributed by the “quasi-corporate and unorganised segment”. A lion’s share, or more than 70%, of economic activity in the sector was measured using growth among private listed corporate entities, based on the numbers reported by them.
Sustaining and building on this reversal of momentum may be more challenging in the coming months, given other economic data that are a cause for concern and some external headwinds. Specifically, agriculture remains in a slump, and this in a ‘normal’ monsoon year — GVA growth in the sector, which includes forestry and fishing, slowed to 1.7%, from 2.3% in the first quarter, and was considerably weaker than the 4.1% pace posted in the year-earlier period. Agriculture is a significant contributor to rural incomes and consumption demand, and the impact of a protracted agricultural slowdown on the larger economy cannot be overstated. Worryingly, the foodgrain output in the kharif season contracted by 2.8%, compared with a 10.7% expansion in the year-earlier period. This could portend a resurgence of inflationary pressures on food prices that would limit the room for growth-supportive monetary action by the Reserve Bank of India. Consumption spending by households also remains in a stubborn rut: the second-quarter growth at 6.5% was a tad slower than the 6.6% seen in April-June; it was 7.9% a year earlier. With global oil prices having risen appreciably, and the fiscal headroom for more pump priming by the government having narrowed drastically — the fiscal deficit at the end of October has already hit 96.1% of the budget estimate for 2017-18 — the coming quarters could well test the real mettle of the economic recovery.
1. Rebounded – पहुंच
Meaning – recover in value, amount, or strength after a decrease or decline.
Synonyms – recover, rally, bounce back, pick up, make a recovery, make a comeback.
Usage – the Share Index rebounded to show a twenty-point gain.
2. Preceding – पूर्ववर्ती
Meaning – come before (something) in time.
Synonyms – go/come before, go in advance of, lead up to, lead to, pave the way for, prepare the way for, set the scene for, herald, introduce, usher in, antecede, predate, antedate.
Usage – a gun battle had preceded the explosions.
3. Reversal – उलट
Meaning – (chiefly in military contexts) a turn made so as to face the opposite direction.
Synonyms – volte-face, turnaround, turnround, turnabout, U-turn, rowback.
Usage – he did an about-turn and marched out of the tent.
4. Vanguard – हरावल
Meaning – a position at the forefront of new developments or ideas.
Synonyms – forefront, van, advance guard, avant-garde, spearhead, front, front line, front rank, fore, lead, leading position, cutting edge, driving force.
Usage – women are often in the vanguard of linguistic change.
5. Anaemic – रक्तहीनता से पीड़ित
Meaning – suffering from anaemia.
Synonyms – colourless, bloodless, pale, pallid, wan, ashen, white, white as a ghost/sheet, grey, jaundiced, waxen, chalky, chalk-white, milky, pasty, pasty-faced, whey-faced, peaky, sickly, tired-looking, washed out, sallow, drained, drawn, sapped, ghostly, deathly, deathlike, bleached; rareetiolated.
Usage – the doctor said you were a bit anaemic.
6. Drastically – काफी
Meaning – in a way that is likely to have a strong or far-reaching effect.
Usage – now her fortunes have changed drastically.
7. Proxy – प्रतिनिधि
Meaning – the authority to represent someone else, especially in voting.
Synonyms – deputy, representative, substitute, delegate, agent, surrogate, stand-in, attorney, ambassador, emissary, go-between, envoy, frontman; rarefactor, procurator.
Usage – Britons overseas may register to vote by proxy.
8. Headwinds – विपरीत परिस्थितियों
Meaning – a wind blowing from directly in front, opposing forward motion.
9. Resurgence – पुनरुत्थान
Meaning – an increase or revival after a period of little activity, popularity, or occurrence.
Synonyms – renewal, revival, recovery, rally, upturn, comeback, reinvigoration, reawakening, resurrection, reappearance, re-emergence, rejuvenation, regeneration, new birth, rebirth, renaissance, new dawn, new beginning; resumption, recommencement, continuation, re-establishment; risorgimento; rarerenascence, recrudescence, rejuvenescence.
Usage – there has been a resurgence of interest in jazz.
10. Stubborn – ज़िद्दी
Meaning – having or showing dogged determination not to change one’s attitude or position on something, especially in spite of good reasons to do so.
Synonyms – obstinate, stubborn as a mule, mulish, headstrong, wilful, strong-willed, self-willed, pig-headed, bull-headed, obdurate, awkward, difficult, contrary, perverse, recalcitrant, refractory; firm, adamant, resolute, dogged, persistent, pertinacious, inflexible, iron-willed, uncompromising, uncooperative, unaccommodating, intractable, unbending, unyielding, unmalleable, unadaptable; rock-ribbed; informalstiff-necked; informalbolshie, bloody-minded; informalbalky; archaiccontumacious, froward.
Usage – you’re a silly, stubborn old woman.
