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- On August 9, the Madras High Court observed that it was both a moral obligation and the legal mandate for the state to permit Dalits to worship at the Badrakaliamman temple in Kallimedu, a village near Vedaranyam in Nagapattinam district of Tamil Nadu, and to perform rituals during the Aadi festival. It further hoped that “some compromise” would be worked out_______________________. With this, the curtain has come down on the temple festival even before it could be observed.
1) but this scares the wits out of those with a vested interest in the maintenance of a religious status quo
2) in a bid to attract attention, a threat to convert to Islam is issued
3) the government decided to drop all names from the transport corporations starting from the venerable Thiruvalluvar.
4) “so that at least in the next year… the temple festival is performed without any problem or hitch”
5) None of above.Answer – 4) - The Badrakaliamman temple stands on a site claimed to be some 800 years old. The medieval poet Kalamegam had composed a song about it. Now administered by the government of Tamil Nadu through the Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments Department, its last major reconsecration was conducted in 1957. The temple’s annual festival takes place over five days in the Tamil month of Aadi (mid-July to mid-August). _________________________. The local Dalits (Adi Dravidars) join the festivities but do not have the privilege of holding the mandagapad
1) In the first instance, Dalits assert themselves to a right over social space, a demand often framed in the language of religion
2) In the first instance, Dalits assert themselves to a right over social space, a demand often framed in the language of religion
3) As in many Tamil villages, the intermediate castes sponsor and conduct rituals and festivities — called mandagapadi — on specific days assigned according to custom
4) The local dominant caste cares little for this demand — and may in fact see it as a resolution to their immediate fears
5) None of above.Answer – 3) - Kallimedu’s population primarily comprises Pillaimars apart from a sprinkling of some service castes. Dalits live in the adjoining hamlet of Pazhag Kallimedu._____________________. The temple is located in between, and the Dalits claim that in the past the temple was sited in their quarters.
1) In the first instance, Dalits assert themselves to a right over social space
2) But then it is up to the executive to enforce it
3) The two communities number some 150 families each
4) The fear of the collapse of law and order is enough to quieten the courts
5) None of above.Answer – 3) - The Viduthalai Chiruthaigal Katchi, headed by Thol. Thirumavalavan, has considerable influence and presence among the Dalits. For the last few years Dalits have been claiming mandagapadi rights, a demand stonewalled by the Pillaimars. In August 2015, the headman of Pazhag Kallimedu, N. Pakkirisamy, filed a writ petition in the Madras High Court.____________________. “Prima facie,” Justice M.M. Sundresh observed that “the petitioner cannot be treated differently” and posted the case for a later date to hear respondents’ objections.
1) The Dalits’ struggle for an equal share of honours in temple festivals has repeatedly ended in failure
2) As far as Dalits are concerned, history, it seems, not only occurs as tragedy first but repeats itself as well
3) When the Dalits did not budge, the State administration banned the temple festiva
4) Among the prayers was the demand for the deity to be taken in procession through the Dalit quarters
5) None of above.Answer – 4) - The Wahhabist Tamil Nadu Thowheed Jamath’s associates made an appearance; while extending moral support, they stated that conversion should be based on a commitment to Islamic tenets rather than as a form of protest. Can the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) be far behind? The State president, Tamilisai Soundararajan, paid a visit two weeks ago. _____________________. Later a fringe group, the Hindu Makkal Katchi, was involved in negotiating a compromise. As its anti-Dalit image continues to be reinforced by the Una protests in Gujarat and the insult by a senior party functionary to Bahujan Samaj Party leader Mayawati, the BJP is under enormous pressure to shore up its claim to speak for the entire Hindu community.
1) The Dalits’ struggle for an equal share of honours in temple festivals has repeatedly ended in failure
2) It is rumoured that a senior Hindutva ideologue too had intervened, promising to meet Dalit demands if the conversion threat was dropped
3) When the Dalits did not budge, the State administration banned the temple festival
4) It was against this order that the Pillaimars filed a writ resulting in the observation
5) None of above.Answer – 2) - Most curiously, the history of codification of the rights of people with disabilities coincides more or less with the commencement of the era of economic reforms.______________________, they were notably few and far between, informed largely by an ad hoc approach to addressing issues, or at times a spillover from an activist judiciary.
1) Indeed, in view of the negligible levels of participation of people with various impairments in economically productive activity
2) Any assessment of the economic reforms of the past 25 years could well do with some understanding of their impact on people with disabilities in India
3) A plausible explanation of this post-protectionist paradox may be found in the need for greater regulation under more market-oriented conditions
4) Even though legal guarantees enshrined under the Constitution were read into judicial and executive decisions during earlier decades
5) None of these.Answer – 4) - It was the landmark Persons with Disabilities (Equal Opportunities, Protection of Rights and Full Participation) Act, 1995, over four years after the reforms, which stipulated specific provisions concerning equal opportunities to basic education, employment, and accessibility._____________________.Since the passage of that comprehensive law, the lot of the disabled had moved, one might say, from a mode of thinking akin to the Directive Principles of State Policy discourse, to a more robust, Fundamental Rights approach to matters.
1) Even though legal guarantees enshrined under the Constitution were read into judicial and executive decisions during earlier decades
2) In the event, even the staunchest critic of liberalisation would have to acknowledge that the greatest legislative and policy changes since Independence that affect
3) Every policy advance, or its absence, witnessed since that path-breaking legislation has turned on these three fundamental ingredients critical to a better quality of life
4) Indeed, in view of the negligible levels of participation of people with various impairments in economically
5) None of these.Answer – 3) - Any serious evaluation of what people with disabilities have gained in these past 25 years would probably have to begin with showcasing the political will India’s leadership displayed to generate the very tools to arrive at such an independent and impartial assessment. ___________________decennial population census. The real import of the measure becomes apparent when we consider that the 1981 census was the lone exception to the otherwise routine exclusion of this category from the countrywide exercise since Independence.
1) Even though legal guarantees enshrined under the Constitution were read into judicial and executive decisions during earlier decades
2) That was the bold decision the National Democratic Alliance government took to canvass disabilities in the 2001
3) This finding of a survey by the National Council of Educational Research and Training points to the challenges in
4) In the event, even the staunchest critic of liberalisation would have to acknowledge that the greatest legislative and policy changes since
5)None of these.Answer – 2) - Under liberalisation, employment opportunities have expanded into the private sector, almost unthinkable hitherto. Employers such as ITC, Lemon Tree Hotels, Mphasis, Wipro, and so many others have seen the economic wisdom behind playing on the strengths, rather than the impairments, of our manpower. _______________________. It would be hard to overlook the direct benefits flowing from the adoption of an open economy in these respects.
1) There are athletes with disabilities who have brought laurels to the country
2) This finding of a survey by the National Council of Educational Research and Training points to the challenges in relation to employability
3) These are the numbers that should worry us, and prod us into action
4) Notable here are also the equality and diversity norms that the corporate sector is beginning to incorporate in its hiring practices
5) None of these.Answer – 4) - In the arena of state employment, the more industrious and enterprising among the disabled have, aided by the Supreme Court’s proactive interpretations of the equal opportunities provisions in the 1995 law, entered the corridors of the administrative services. _______________________. Access at polling booths seems to have become almost irreversible since the apex court’s landmark 2004 ruling stipulating easy access through ramps. The greater visibility for disability-related concerns in our media is also part of this broad picture of inclusion, howsoever restricted.
1) Women with disabilities are most vulnerable to exploitation
2) These are the numbers that should worry us, and prod us into action
3) A mere 21.1 per cent of Indian schools adhere to inclusive education for children with disabilities
4) There are athletes with disabilities who have brought laurels to the country
5)None of These.Answer – 4)
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