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Welcome to Online English Section with explanation in AffairsCloud.com. Here we are creating question sample in Inference , which is BASED ON RECENT IBPS EXAM.
Inference
In each of the given questions an inference is given in bold which is then followed by three paragraph. You have to find the paragraph(s) from where it is inferred. Choose the option with the best possible outcome as your choice.
- Inference : “Democracy-people’s government”- a misnomer
a) Democracy gives people the right to vote but no voice. Is it really people’s rule or an illusion in which the common man is led to believe that he holds the power while in reality he is only “king for a day,” the day he casts his vote, after which he is relegated to the role of mute spectator and silent sufferer until the next election when he will get to be wield power, again just for a day?
b) Representation does include democratic components, most importantly the opportunity for all citizens to hold representatives to account at the end of the term and to dismiss them if their performance in office is judged unsatisfactory. These democratic elements are real and consequential. The point is that they are not the sole components of representation.
c) Democracy gives government the power to do all that and more. Today, we see the government turning a deaf ear to the cries of the cash-strapped public. In every term, the government remains silent when the nation expresses shock and anger at the unprecedented level of corruption which results in loss of several lakh crores to the exchequer. In both cases and in all other terms before, and in all democracies around the world, citizens have nothing to do besides lament their choice, bemoan their fate and ride it out until the next general elections.
1. Only b
2. Only c
3. Both a and c
4. Both b and c
5. All are correctAnswer – 3
Explanation:
Paragraph a and c goes with the inference which implies Democracy is not really a people’s government. Paragraph b contradicts that - Inference : Outside the solar family
a) Planets have mass and therefore have an effect on their stars orbit causing it to wobble. The wobble in the case of a pulsar star is seen as the periodic delay in the arrival of the pulses from the pulsar star (Wolszczan 1994). Due to the nature of a Pulsar star we can detect perturbations in its orbit through its pulses but to detect perturbations in other stars orbits, astronomers use a stars radial velocity.
b) Humans have longed to believe in extrasolar planets, as surely there have to be planets elsewhere in the universe. Claims of supposedly discovered extrasolar planets can be dated back to 1855 when Captain S. W. Jacobs from the Madras observatory, claimed that he had discovered a planet orbiting a binary system (Jacobs 1855), all the way up until 1991 when a team of astronomers announced then retracted the alleged discovery of an extrasolar planet around a pulsar star
c) The search for exoplanets is also the search for alien life and habitable spaces beyond our star system. NASA’s Kepler and K2 missions have identified several such candidates. One of the factors that must be satisfied in order to be considered habitable is that exoplanets must orbit within a distance of their stars in which liquid water can exist on the planet’s surface, receiving about as much sunlight as Earth. This distance is called the “Goldilocks” zone because it is neither too far or too close to the star that life becomes impossible.
1. Only b
2. Only c
3. Only a
4. Both b and c
5. All are correctAnswer – 4
Explanation:
Exoplanets mean the planets outside the solar system. Paragraphs b and c talkabout exoplanets, while paragraph a does not. - Inference : Precedence of science over humanities
a) Science is the collection of nature’s answers humanities is the collection of men’s thoughts. science is the key to our future and if you don’t believe in Science then you are holding everybody back. the state of the art scientific knowledge and techniques you learn in college have a limited self life, mastering the Humanities provide tools for extending it.
b) At present stage of development, science is a component of the human activity. they are real and their properties do not depend on human will and action, Humanities employees the study of the human community, its characteristics and activities. Humanities are very complex in terms of methodology many fundamental things may not be checked in practice and are not verifiable at all.
c) The Humanities provide an insightful understanding into moral ethical political and ideological forces. successful society depends upon altruism, charity, civility, compassion and generosity. buy let me not be obvious how these characteristics are essential to finding a research position in academy and industry their key to a full and meaningful life.
1. only a
2. only c
3. only b
4. both a and b
5. All are correctAnswer – 3
Explanation:
Only paragraph b oes with the inference which talks of importance of science more than Humanities. - Inference : Act East policy
a) The present Government of India LED by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has all the more emphasized on the importance of the 10 Nation ASEAN bloc a new era of economic development, trade investment and industrialization. the present government has made it clear that India is not merely looking East but is now ‘acting East’ as well this phase was also characterized by an extended definition of East from Australia to China.
b) The year 1991 changed the way in which the world was looked at from a bipolar world we rejoin a multipolar world 2 many people say that the collapse of USSR made way for a unipolar structure of the world that is US being the only pole, yet it was not a unipolar world in its strictest sense. There was ‘Global reconstructions’ China emerged as a face of the East. India responded to this changing world order and framed its policy to look for countries of poorer status in Asian region
c) Also, the policy aims at reviving age Dash old ties with Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar and Vietnam and does strengthen trade and investment and encourage manufacturers to create value chains with these countries as reiterated by our leadership.
1. Only c
2. Both b and c
3. Only a
4. Both a and c
5. All are correctAnswer – 4
Explanation:
Paragraph a and c talks about India’s Act East policy while paragraph b doesn’t - Inference : Implications of China’s ambitions
a) Whatever the Chinese plans and provocations, India is not hibernating or taking the Chinese heap silently. It is working out a measured and appropriate response mechanism, patiently and earnestly, by engaging with more reasonable, friendly and helpful nations like Japan, US, South Korea and others to counter the dragon’s fire.
b) To further its global influence and expand its economic clout, the current president of China Mr. Xi Jinping had announced a massive infrastructural project called OBOR in2013. It is huge in magnitude as it envisages involvement of 65 countries, would crisscross three continents of Asia, Europe and Africa with a vast logistics and transport network. It would impact one-third of global GDP and 60 percent of world’s population.
c) China’s intransigence and at times brazen attitude towards India, especially in international settings like obstructing India’s permanent membership in United Nations, blocking entry in Nuclear Suppliers group, sabotaging UN resolution of declaring Jaish-e-Mohammad chief Masood Azhar as an international terrorist, rebuking India on exile of dalai Lama and other such actions stem from rising competition with India.
1. Only a
2. Only b
3. Both a and c
4. Both b and c
5. All are correctAnswer – 2
Explanation:
Only paragraph b goes with the inference given, rest two do not talk about ramifications of China’s rising ambitions - Inference : Small is Big
a) Small enterprises and businesses not only play crucial role in providing large employment opportunities at comparatively lower capital cost than large industries but also help in industrialization of rural & backward areas, thereby, reducing regional imbalances, assuring more equitable distribution of national income and wealth. MSMEs are complementary to large industries as ancillary units and this sector contributes enormously to the socio-economic development of the country.
b) Recently government approved “Stand-Up India Scheme” to promote entrepreneurship among SC/ST and Women entrepreneurs. The Scheme is intended to facilitate at least two such projects per bank branch, on an average one for each category of entrepreneur. It is expected to benefit at least 2.5 Lakh borrowers in time limit of 36 months from the launch of the Scheme.
c) It is estimated that more than 90% MSMEs does not have access to institutional finance and dependent on local finance such as relatives or moneylenders where interest cost is generally on higher side. However government have started lots of scheme to provide institutional finance to MSMEs but corruption and long procedures makes it difficult for them to avail the benefits of these schemes.
1. Only b
2. Only a
3. Both a and b
4. Only c
5. All are correctAnswer – 2
Explanation:
Only paragraph a goes with the inference, b and c deviates from the underlying theme of inference given in question. - Inference : Patriotism over nationalism
a) Having nationalist passion is a very strong instrument for uniting people, especially during wartime. The anti-colonialism struggles in Asia and Africa are an excellent example of this. In India, our freedom fighters led by Mahatma Gandhi and Subhas Chandra Bose used nationalism to unite the subcontinent’s diverse demographics against British rule.
b) Nationalism and patriotism are two words which are often used inter-changeably. This is incorrect since there is a world of difference between the two concepts, in spite of a few shared ideals. While patriotism fundamentally means affection for one’s country and willingness to defend it, nationalism is a more extreme, unforgiving form of allegiance to one’s country.
c) It is better to love our country keeping in mind that democratic ideals are the most important. The term ‘national identity’ is difficult to define–it can mean a religious identity, an ethnic identity or even an ideological identity. The main shortcoming of nationalism lies in the fact that it can blind people. Love for one’s country is imperative and necessary, but if this love becomes more important than Constitutional values or democratic ideals, it is misplaced.
1. Only a
2. Both a and c
3. Only b
4. Only c
5. All are correctAnswer – 4
Explanation:
Only paragraph c goes with the inference which underlines the importance and prioritisation of patriotism over feelings of nationalism - Inference : The QUAD alliance
a) After making a pitch for an observer status during this year’s Malabar trilateral naval exercises scheduled to be held in July, Australia has indicated that it is keen for a logistics support agreement with India along the lines of the one concluded with the United States last year. While the government of Malcolm Turnbull may had taken a short-sighted approach in its engagement with India by moving ahead with its new visa restrictions, New Delhi would be equally short-sighted if it just focuses on this issue at the risk of overlooking larger shifts in regional balance of power.
b) The current transition of power in the Asia-Pacific, underlined by America’s relative decline and China’s growing power, has significant implications for most Asian states. Though the uncertainty around the future of international politics, norms, and institutions does impinge upon all members of the international society, the Asian states find themselves at the forefront of this transition. For them the current transition of power is not only an ideological contest over the form and nature of the international political system but is inextricably linked to their own national security imperatives in a number of ways. India, Japan, and Australia are at the center of this strategic flux in the Indo-Pacific.
c) India and Japan have an institutionalized trilateral strategic dialogue partnership with the United States. Maintaining a balance of power in the Asian-Pacific as well as maritime security in Indo-Pacific waters became an important element of this dialogue. A similar dialogue exists between the United States, Japan, and Australia. Under Modi, such security trilateralism in Asia has received not only new momentum and is being expanded to incorporate other regional powers: in June 2015, India, Australia, and Japan held their first ever high level dialogue in New Delhi. These trilateral initiatives have a serious potential to transform into a solid boc of democracies in the Indo-Pacific region.
1. Only b
2. Only c
3. Both b and c
4. Both a and c
5. All are correctAnswer – 3
Explanation:
Paragraph b and c relates to the inference, while c talks of redundant points related to alliance but in very vague manner, so can’t be the answer. - Inference : Regulating Real Estate
a) It is imperative to set in motion the process of making necessary operational rules and creation of institutional infrastructure for protecting the interests of consumers and promoting the growth of real estate sector in an environment of trust, confidence, credible transactions and efficient and time bound execution of projects.
b) Before RERA or the Real estate regulation Act, there was no real estate regulator in the country due to this many builders took homebuyers for a ride. Delays were rampant and homebuyers usually did not have a reliable source to address their grievances. Hence this regulation was enacted with the objective to ‘set in motion the process of making necessary operational rules and creation of institutional infrastructure for protecting the interests of consumers and promoting the growth of real estate sector
c) Unlike other investments, in real estate one can touch and feel the asset, and watch it appreciate over time. But like any investment, it’s better to be well-versed in the area before investing. Real estate investing is an investment strategy where an investor purchases property in order to earn a profit. In most cases, the investor either rent out the property, or improve on it in order to resell it at a higher cost than it was purchase for. Buying and owning a property is a lot more complicated than investing in equities and bonds.
1. Only c
2. Only a
3. Both a and b
4. Only b
5. All are correctAnswer – 3
Explanation:
Paragraphs a and b talks about regulations in Real estate while paragraph c talks of investment in real estate and not the regulations. - Inference : Media trial
a) The media is the fourth limb of the democratic system, the legislature, executive and judiciary being the other three. Media has a wide ranging roles in the society. It plays a vital role in moulding the opinion of the society and is capable of changing the whole viewpoint through which people would perceive various events.
b) The media creates a series of unconscious pressures on a juror in a high-profile trial. Jurors know that they are being watched by the world. They are not only making a decision for themselves but they are making a statement for their family, co-workers, community and society as a whole. This elevates their verdict to a level beyond the evidence.
c) No doubt it would be mischievous for a newspaper to systematically conduct an independent investigation into a crime for which a man has been arrested and to publish the results of that investigation. This is because trial by newspapers, when a trial by one of the tribunals of the country is going on, must be prevented. The basis for this view is that such action on the part of a newspaper tends to prejudice the accused or the prosecution.
1. Only c
2. Both a and c
3. Only a
4. Both b and c
5. All are correctAnswer – 4
Explanation:
Paragraph b and c goes with the inference given. Paragraph a is just talking about basics of media and not about trial by media.
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