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Welcome to Online English Section with explanation in Affairs Cloud.com. Here we are creating question sample in Cloze test, which is BASED ON IBPS PO/CLERK/LIC AAO/RRB & SSC CGL EXAM and other competitive exams !!!
When components of his New Deal got struck down by the Supreme Court of the United States, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt threatened to increase the number of its judges from nine to 15. He reasoned that packing the court with six new judges would bring about a new majority that would side with the government. Shortly thereafter, ‘a switch in time saved the nine’. In 1937, Justice Owen Roberts switched his vote to side with the government- (1) judges, and FDR thereafter did not need to (2) court packing.
In Pakistan the Army got used to tame judges when Chief Justice Muhammad Munir invented the Doctrine of Necessity to legitimise Governor General Ghulam Muhammad’s (3) of the Prime Minister. Some years later, the doctrine granted absolution to General Ayub Khan’s coup. Still later, General Zia-ul-Haq got the judges to swear personal allegiance to himself as President. One of the few who refused and resigned his position was the great Justice Dorab Patel. Further down, General Pervez Musharraf tried to bully Chief Justice Iftikhar Muhammad Chaudhry into resigning. The resultant (4) of a lawyers’ movement ended in the fall of General Musharraf.
India too has had its ‘lionhearts’ striving to keep the throne balanced in the path of dharma. There was a near (5) loss of credibility for Peshwa rule over the Maratha empire when the ever-righteous Chief Justice Ramshastri Prabhune resigned after convicting the sitting ruler, Peshwa Raghunathrao, of the murder of his predecessor, Peshwa Narayanrao, in 1773.
- 1) relining
2) criticizing
3) leaning
4) differing
5) fightingAnswer – 3)
Explanation : leaning - 1) ebb
2) evacuation
3) withdrawal
4) retirement
5) pursueAnswer – 5)
Explanation : pursue - 1) dismissal
2) acceptance
3) hiring
4) retention
5) appointmentAnswer – 1)
Explanation : dismissal - 1) commission
2) detained
3) assignment
4) backlash
5) EntrailsAnswer – 4)
Explanation : backlash - 1) combined
2) convertible
3) irretrievable
4) retrievable
5) privilegeAnswer – 3)
Explanation : irretrievableIn the first decades after Independence, Jawaharlal Nehru’s government had its own misgivings with the judiciary’s interpretation of the new Constitution. The initial interpretations of the fundamental right of free speech led to the first amendment of the Constitution. The court’s rulings on property rights led to several constitutional amendments. But, all told, the initial decades showed a healthy institutional respect, with the legislature and judiciary working in (6).
Indira Gandhi was a different matter. Her relationship with the judiciary was fraught with (7) and conflict. It did not help that she saw some judges, such as Justice K.S. Hegde, as owing allegiance to the Congress (O) which opposed her. The Supreme Court’s judgments striking down the nationalisation of banks and the abolition of privy (8) made it look like an “arena for constitutional quibbling for men with long purses”. Cabinet ministers led by Mohan Kumaramangalam called for a “committed judiciary” which was deferential to the socialistic temper of the times.
When the Supreme Court’s 11-judge ruling in the Golaknath case put property rights on a fundamentally unbreachable pedestal, she promoted to the Supreme Court, judges who publicly (9) to undo the judgment. Things came to a head in 1973 in the Kesavananda Bharati case. All 13 judges of the court sat for months on end to reconsider Golaknath. Though Golaknath was overruled, parliamentary power to amend the Constitution was also restricted to not damaging its basic structure. The government won its basic case, but on a small majority of seven judges against six, it lost the larger argument of (10) power. - 1) tandem
2) individual
3) abysmal
4) quarrelsome
5) teammateAnswer – 1)
Explanation : tandem - 1) fragile
2) rough
3) fierce
4) confrontation
5) excitedAnswer – 4)
Explanation : confrontation - 1) forge
2) hogged
3) purses
4) harms
5) smashAnswer – 3)
Explanation : purses - 1) redeem
2) stretched
3) breached
4) breached
5) vowedAnswer – 5)
Explanation : vowed - 1) mild
2) moderate
3) reasonable
4) unbridled
5) restrainedAnswer – 4)
Explanation : unbridled
