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Cloze test
During the 1990s, the idea of a Uniform Civil Code was (1) criticised by women’s groups who feared the unspoken (2) of the Hindu Right in advocating it. An influential (3) of argument questioned public perceptions and assumptions about personal law, namely: Hindu personal law has been successfully reformed; in sharp contrast, Muslim law remains uncodified and imposes the worst (4) on Muslim women; therefore, Hindu personal law should be made the basis for a UCC. There was much to be questioned in such assumptions. For instance, it was pointed out that, historically, Muslim personal law was way ahead of its Hindu counterpart since marriage was understood to be a contract between individuals with built-in provision for divorce, while Hindu law (5) within notions of (6), the absence of personhood for Hindu wives, the vagaries of the Hindu Undivided Family, and so on. Much was made of a Census study on marriage and polygamy (which had been cited in the famous ‘Towards Equality’ report of 1974 on the status of Indian women) which showed that the incidence of polygamy (usually bigamy) was in fact greater among Hindus than Muslims. Moreover, such wives had no rights under the reformed Hindu law, unlike the rights available to Muslim women under polygamy.
Now that we are once again faced with the (7) of a UCC being foisted on us, this represents an opportunity to take stock from where we are today. We believe that there are three main lessons to be learnt from our recent past. First, we must stop making (8) comparisons between Muslim and Hindu women. Having studied the comparative data on polygamy that continue to be cited, we noticed the following. One, the data come from a special sample survey conducted by the Census of India in 1960 of one lakh women, which is (9) acknowledged to be a non-representative sample — that is, it may be suggestive, but cannot stand for entities like India, Hindu women or Muslim women. Two, the survey includes women who were married between 1940 and 1960 — which means that 15 of these 20 years were prior to the enactment in 1955 of the Hindu Code Bill that (10) polygamy. And three, the overall incidence of polygamy reported for Hindu and Muslim women is 5.7 percent and 5.6 percent, respectively. In short, these data do not prove that there was more bigamy among Hindu women than Muslim women even in 1960, let alone in more recent times.
- 1. selfsame
2. extensively
3. unsightly
4. veracity
5. no change requiredAnswer : 2)
Explanation:
Extensively- to a large or detailed degree - 1. suspicious
2. versatile
3. trivial
4. intentions
5. no change requiredAnswer : 4)
Explanation:
Intentions- a thing intended; an aim or plan - 1. strand
2. infliction
3. ordeal
4. customary
5. no change requiredAnswer : 1)
Explanation:
Strand- Leave (someone/ something) without the means to move from somewhere. - 1. plumb
2. convincing
3. vulnerabilities
4. nugatory
5. no change requiredAnswer : 3)
Explanation:
Vulnerabilities- the quality or state of being exposed to the possibility of being attacked or harmed, either physically or emotionally. - 1. fluctuated
2. languished
3. oscillated
4. digress
5. no change requiredAnswer : 2)
Explanation:
Languished- lose or lack vitality; grow weak. - 1. insinuate
2. sacrament
3. imperative
4. multifaceted
5. no change requiredAnswer : 2)
Explanation:
Sacrament- a ceremony regarded as imparting spiritual grace - 1.intensity
2. range
3. wilderness
4. spectre
5. no change requiredAnswer : 4)
Explanation:
Spectre- something widely feared as a possible unpleasant or dangerous occurrence - 1. dubious
2. coliseum
3. tartness
4. expanse
5. no change requiredAnswer : 1)
Explanation:
Dubious- hesitating or doubting - 1. platform
2. explicitly
3. course
4. ring
5. no change requiredAnswer : 2)
Explanation:
Explicitly- in a clear and detailed manner - 1. pitted
2. gridiron
3. substantiated
4. outlawed
5. no change requiredAnswer : 4)
Explanation:
Outlawed- ban or make illegal
