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To control crowds, the police in most countries use weapons that are termed “non-lethal” but have proved lethal in many cases. For one, these weapons fire (1) , because of which the public safety of (2) cannot be ensured. And two, if fired at a close range or by untrained personnel, these weapons can prove lethal. The 2016 report, “The health (3) of crowd-control weapons”, by Physicians for Human Rights states that international mechanisms have failed to keep pace with the rapid development of crowd-control technologies. International standards addressing the use of crowd-control weapons are limited, and there are no (4) on the types of weapons that may be used to tackle protesters or on the manufacture and trade of these weapons. The report notes: “There is a need to engage in further ethical research and (5) study to develop clear scientific parameters on their use.”
It was during the 2010 unrest that (6) guns were first introduced in the Kashmir Valley. A pellet gun is primarily a bird-hunting weapon and has been used in only a few countries such as Bahrain, Tunisia, and Egypt. At short range, these can be (7) . Also, when fired, the pellets or iron balls do not travel in one trajectory; they spray in multiple directions and can inflict serious injuries on bystanders.
Maryam al-Khawaja, a human rights activist from Bahrain, noted in a paper that during the 2011 (8) , “a number of children and adults were killed by the use of pellets”. Further, in a study conducted at the Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences from June to September 2010, “198 patients were identified as having sustained pellet gunfire injury”. The study further noted: “Mortality occurred in six patients”.
In the first week of September, following national and international (9) against the use of pellet guns, Union Home Minister Rajnath Singh cleared the use of chilli-filled grenades for crowd control as an (10) to pellet guns. However, there was a caveat: pellet guns would continue to be used in the “rarest of rare cases”.
- 1) chosen
2) systematic
3) indiscriminately
4) particular
5) specificAnswer – 3)
Explanation : indiscriminately - 1) showboat
2) show-off
3) exhibitionist
4) bystanders
5) characterAnswer – 4)
Explanation : bystanders - 1) consequences
2) beginning
3) causes
4) origins
5) sourcesAnswer – 1)
Explanation : consequences - 1) trigger
2) wildness
3) arousal
4) agitations
5) restraintsAnswer – 5)
Explanation : restraints - 1) hypothetical
2) impractical
3) speculative
4) empirical
5) theoreticalAnswer – 4)
Explanation : empirical - 1) recoil
2) pellet
3) backlash
4) boomerang
5) disappointAnswer – 2)
Explanation : pellet - 1) beneficial
2) harmless
3) helpful
4) life-giving
5) lethalAnswer – 5)
Explanation : lethal - 1) dropping
2) uprising
3) declining
4) dipping
5) fallingAnswer – 2)
Explanation : uprising - 1) prominent
2) eminent
3) delight
4) happiness
5) outrageAnswer – 5)
Explanation : outrage - 1) alternative
2) compulsion
3) constraint
4) obligation
5) restraintAnswer – 1)
Explanation : alternative
