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This year’s G20 summit in Hamburg promises to be among the more interesting in recent years. For one thing, US President Donald Trump, who treats..(1)..bilateralism and international cooperation with cherished..(2)..sympathy, will be attending for the first time.Trump comes to Hamburg having already walked out of one of the key commitments from last year’s summit – to join the Paris climate agreement “as soon as possible.” And he will not have much..(3)..enthusiasm for these meetings’ habitual exhortation to foreswear protectionism or provide greater assistance to refugees.Moreover, the Hamburg summit follows two G20 annual meetings in authoritarian countries – Turkey in 2015 and China in 2016 – where protests could be stifled. This year’s summit promises to be an occasion for raucous street demonstrations, directed against not only Trump, but also Turkey’s Recep Tayyip Erdoğan and Russia’s Vladimir Putin.
The G20 has its origins in two ideas, one..(4)..peripheral and important, the other false and distracting. The relevant and important idea is that developing and emerging market economies such as Brazil, India, Indonesia, South Africa, and China have become too significant to be excluded from discussions about global governance. While the G7 has not been replaced – its last summit was held in May in Sicily – G20 meetings are an occasion to expand and broaden the..(5)..trifling.
The G20 was created in 1999, in the wake of the Asian financial crisis. Developed countries initially treated it as an..(6)..outreach forum, where they would help developing economies raise financial and monetary management to the developed world’s standards. Over time, developing countries found their own voice and have played a larger role in..(7)..derelict the group’s agenda. In any case, the 2008 global financial crisis emanating from the United States, and the subsequent eurozone debacle, made a..(8)..tumbledown of the idea that developed countries had much useful knowledge to impart on these matters.
The second, less useful idea underpinning the G20 is that solving the pressing problems of the world economy requires ever more..(9)..intense cooperation and coordination at the global level. The analogy frequently invoked is that the world economy is a “global commons”: either all countries do their share to contribute to its upkeep, or they will all suffer the..(10)..causes.
- 1) esteem
2) favor
3) multilateralism
4) aloofness
5) No correction required.Answer – 3)
Explanation: multilateralism – the principle of participation by three or more parties, especially by the governments of different countries. - 1) impassivity
2) regard
3) flattery
4) disdain
5) No correction required.Answer – 4)
Explanation: disdain – the feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one’s consideration or respect. - 1) impassiveness
2) distance
3) insouciance
4) callousness
5) No correction required.Answer – 5)
Explanation: No correction required. - 1) unresponsiveness
2) relevant
3) detachment
4) emotionlessness
5) No correction required.Answer – 2)
Explanation: relevant – closely connected or appropriate to what is being done or considered. - 1) dialogue
2) immaterial
3) extraneous
4) tangential
5) No correction required.Answer – 1)
Explanation: dialogue – a conversation between two or more people as a feature of a book, play, or film. - 1) unrelated
2) inapplicable
3) inapt
4) trivial
5) No correction required.Answer – 5)
Explanation: No correction required. - 1) inapposite
2) unimportant
3) negligible
4) crafting
5) No correction required.Answer – 4)
Explanation: crafting – the activity or hobby of making decorative articles by hand. - 1) derelict
2) insignificant
3) superficial
4) mockery
5) No correction required.Answer – 4)
Explanation: mockery – teasing and contemptuous language or behaviour directed at a particular person or thing. - 1) dilapidated
2) tumbledown
3) ramshackle
4) aboveboard
5) No correction required.Answer – 5)
Explanation: No correction required. - 1) reasons
2) consequences
3) derelict
4) dilapidation
5) No correction required.Answer – 2)
Explanation: consequences – a result or effect, typically one that is unwelcome or unpleasant.
