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Current Affairs 31 December 2025

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs December 31 2025, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2025 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Union Minister Jyotiraditya Scindia Announces DoT’s 3 Major Reforms to Strengthen Telecom SecurityIn December 2025, Union Minister Jyotiraditya Madhavrao (M.) Scindia, Ministry of Communications, announced 3 major reforms introduced by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) under the Ministry of Communications, through its National Centre for Communication Security (NCCS), aimed to bolster India’s telecom security ecosystem.

  • The DoT has extended the Pro Tem Security Certification Scheme for two years starting 1 January 2026 and also introduced key measures, including reduced application fees for Telecom Security Testing Laboratories (TSTLs) and simplified security assurance requirements for Optical Network Terminator (ONT) devices.

About Pro Tem Certification Scheme:
Conformance of Declaration: Under the scheme, the OEMs submit a declaration of conformance which states that their equipment complies with most of the security requirements for applicable IP Router and Wi-Fi CPE products as per the Indian Telecommunication Security Assurance Requirements (ITSAR).
Expansion of Scheme: The NCCS has expanded the scope of the scheme to include critical components like: 5G Core Session Management Function (SMF); Optical Line Terminals (OLT); Optical Network Terminators, and new product launches.
Other Key Reforms:
Reduction of TSTL Designation Fee: NCCS has reduced more than 50% in the designation application fees for TSTLs.

  • NCCS also provides special concessions like:  50% fee reduction for Indian startups, Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs), and women-owned enterprises.
  • It also offers complete fee waivers to central and state government testing agencies, government institutions, Indian Institute of Technologies (IITs), and autonomous bodies.

Simplification of ITSAR certification of ONT Devices: The DoT has simplified ITSAR certification process for ONT devices, which are deployed at customer premises for internet access. Under the new mechanism, the customized variants of ONTs will now be tested under a single certification procedure.

        • Originally, ITSAR for ONT devices was notified on November 24, 2023, with voluntary-based certification came into effect from August 01, 2024 and mandatory certification with effect from January 01, 2026.

>>Read Full News

Union Minister Amit Shah Inaugurates Redeveloped ‘Batadrava Than’ in AssamOn December 29, 2025, Union Minister Amit Shah, Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), Ministry of Cooperation, inaugurated the redeveloped ‘Batadrava Than’, the sacred birthplace of Vaishnavite saint Srimanta Sankardeva, in Borduwa village, Nagaon district, Assam.

  • Himanta Biswa Sarma, Chief Minister (CM) of Assam and Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, Ministry of Ports, Shipping, and Waterways (MoPSW), were also present at the event.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Inauguration of redeveloped Batadrava Than
  • Who? Union Minister Amit Shah
  • Where? Borduwa in Nagaon (Assam)
  • Name of Project: Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva Abhirbhav Kshetra
  • Project Cost: More than Rs.222 crore
  • Significance: Birthplace of Srimanta Sankardeva

About Batadrava Than:
Significance: It is a historic cultural and religious site in Assam, promoting Assamese literature, music, dance, and spiritual teachings of Srimanta Sankardeva.
Vaishnavite Pilgrimage Circuit: It is part of Assam’s Vaishnavite pilgrimage circuit, including Borduwa, the later residence of Srimanta Sankardeva, Majuli, monastic centres, and Koch Behar.
Redevelopment of Batadrava Than
Project: The redevelopment, named Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva Abhirbhav Kshetra, was completed at an estimated cost of more than Rs.222 crore.
Vision: The Batadrava Than redevelopment, spread across about 162–165 bighas, seeks to transform the site into a world-class spiritual and cultural tourism hub.
Features: It features a 25-metre (m)-high Guru Asana symbolizing Srimanta Sankardeva, a cultural complex with themed theatres, research and exhibition centres, performance spaces for Sattriya dance and music, modern visitor amenities, landscaped gardens, and facilities for cultural events.

  • The layout is designed to represent a sacred tree, reflecting his spiritual and philosophical journey.

About Srimanta Sankardeva: 
Life and Philosophy: Srimanta Sankardeva (1449–1568) was a renowned reformer, poet, and social thinker from Batadrava, Assam, whose teachings emphasized equality, devotion, and ethical living.
Cultural Revolution: He established Ekasarana (Neo-Vaishnavism) centered on devotion to Lord Krishna and enriched Assamese culture through Sattriya dance, Borgeet, and Ankia Naat.
About Assam:
Chief Minister (CM) – Himanta Biswa Sarma
Governor – Lakshman Prasad Acharya
Capital – Dispur
Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS) – Bornadi WLS, Panidihing WLS

FITT & IDFC First Bank Launches New Cohort Under IGNITE ProgramOn December 29, 2025, the Foundation for Innovation and Technology Transfer (FITT) the technology transfer and incubation arm of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT)-Delhi(New Delhi), in partnership with IDFC First Bank, launched a new Cohort under the Innovation Growth & Nurturing Initiative for Technology Entrepreneurs (IGNITE) program.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Launch of New Cohort under IGNITE program
  • Launched by: FITT (IIT Delhi) and IDFC First Bank
  • Cohort Size: 15 startups
  • Financial Support: Up to Rs.30 lakhs per startup
  • Focus Areas: Climate tech, clean energy, healthcare, Agri-tech, mobility, education, and AI for social good

About IGNITE Program:
CSR Collaboration: The program is implemented as part of IDFC First Bank’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives, in partnership with FITT.
Focus: The IGNITE program is designed to bridge deep-tech research, funding, mentorship, and market access, helping startups scale solutions with potential and global impact.
Objective: It is a startup support initiative designed to nurture innovation-led early-to growth-stage startups in India by providing structured mentorship, funding support, and access to the ecosystem, helping them advance from proof-of-concept to market-ready commercialization.
About Cohort of IGNITE Program:
Focus Areas: The program aims to nurture high-potential startups focusing on areas such as climate tech, clean energy, healthcare, Agri-tech, mobility, education, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) for social goods.
Funding for Startups: Under the program, each selected startup receives non-dilutive funding of up to Rs.30 lakhs, capacity-building workshops on tech development, business strategy, and investor readiness, mentorship from IIT faculty, industry experts, and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) leaders of IDFC FIRST Bank.

  • It also provides access to investor-connect sessions, demo days, and Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)-FITT pitching opportunities to accelerate growth.

15 Startups Selected Under IGNITE Cohort:

  1. Aaizel International Technologies Private Limited
  2. Macphy Solutions Private Limited
  3. Propickle Technologies Private Limited
  4. FluxGo Mobility Private Limited
  5. AICA Health Tech Private Limited
  6. CLUIX Private Limited
  7. OpenSpectrum AI Private Limited
  8. Fruvetech Private Limited
  9. PRAVIDYA Software Private Limited
  10. Bravecore Private Limited
  11. Indigotex Private Limited
  12. IX Energy Private Limited
  13. Cunomial Technologies Private Limited
  14. ScaNxt Scientific Technologies Private Limited
  15. Neo Risers Private Limited

About IDFC First Bank:
Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – V. Vaidyanathan
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Establishment – 2018

DoT Releases National Frequency Allocation Plan-2025, Effective From December 30, 2025In December 2025, the Department of Telecommunications (DoT) which works under the Ministry of Communications, released the National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 (NFAP-2025), a key policy document that administers the management and allocation of radio-frequency spectrum in India.

  • The NFAP-25 serves as an important reference for spectrum managers, wireless operators, and telecom equipment manufacturers, formally came into effect on December 30, 2025.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Release of NFAP-25
  • Released by: DoT, Ministry of Communications
  • Effective From: December 30, 2025
  • New Frequency Range: 8.3 kHz to 3000 GHz
  • Key Enhancements: 
    • 6,425-7,125 MHz band for IMT;
    • Allocation of Ka, Q, and V bands for satellite-based services;
    • Additional spectrum for IFMC;
    • Supporting emerging technologies like: V2X communication, LEO/MEO satellite services; among others.

About National Frequency Allocation Plan 2025 (NFAP-2025):
Focus: The plan introduces key revisions to support the expansion of 5G, 6G, satellite services, and future communication needs, aligned with global standards.
Frequency Range: This newly released document will allocate radio-frequency spectrum to various radio communication services in the frequency range 8.3 kilohertz (kHz) to 3000 Gigahertz (GHz).
Key Improvements: NFAP-25 has introduced several strategic changes to meet the rising spectrum demand for next-generation technologies such as:

  • It has identified 6,425-7,125 megahertz(MHz) band for International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT), expected to enhance mid-band spectrum availability for 5G, 5G Advanced, and future 6G networks.
  • Allocation of K-above(Ka)bands(26.5–40 GHz) , Q bands(33–50 GHz), and V bands(40–75 GHz) for satellite-based services that are essential for high-throughput Geo-Stationary Orbit (GSO) satellites and large non-GSO satellite constellations.
  • The new document also features additional spectrum for In-Flight and Maritime Connectivity (IFMC), ensuring seamless broadband access in the air and at sea.
  • In addition to these, it also supports emerging technologies like: Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication, Low Earth Orbit(LEO)/Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellite services, and expanded broadband connectivity solutions.

Global Spectrum Governance:
The world’s radio spectrum is globally allocated and coordinated by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) with its Radiocommunication Sector (ITU-R) responsible for managing international radio-frequency spectrum and satellite orbit resources.
Recent Related News:
In October 2025, DoT; the National Communications Academy (NCA); and the GSM Association (GSMA) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) in New Delhi, Delhi, aimed to enhance collaboration in telecom policy, research and capacity building, supporting India’s Digital India vision.

Gujarat CM Bhupendra Patel Approves Establishment of IAIRO at GIFT City
In December 2025, Gujarat Government, led by Chief Minister (CM) Bhupendra Patel, granted in-principle approval for the establishment of the Indian Artificial Intelligence Research Organization (IAIRO) at the Gujarat International Finance Tec-City (GIFT City) in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.

  • The initiative makes Gujarat the first state in India to host a specialized AI research body, which is scheduled to become operational on 1st January 2026.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Approval for establishment of Indian AI Research Organisation (IAIRO)
  • Where? GIFT City, Gujarat
  • By Whom?  Gujarat CM Bhupendra Patel
  • Partners:  GoI, Gujarat Government, IPA
  • Budget: Rs 300 crore for first five years
  • Operational From: January 1, 2026
  • Company Type: Non-profit under Section 8 of Companies Act, 2013

About Indian AI Research Organization (IAIRO):
Establishment: Set up as a non-profit Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) under Section 8 of the Companies Act, 2013.
Partnership Model: The organisation is being established as a Public‑Private Partnership (PPP) involving the Government of Gujarat, the Government of India(GoI), and the Indian Pharmaceutical Alliance (IPA) with IPA as the anchor partner representing 23 leading pharmaceutical companies.
Funding: The total five-year budget of Rs. 300 crore will be shared equally (33.33% each) among the three partners, with the IPA contributing Rs. 25 crore in 2025-26.
Research: Focused on advanced AI research, development of AI-based products, intellectual property creation, and policy-driven studies.
Infrastructure: Operates on a hybrid computing model integrating on-premise Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) infrastructure with national platforms like IndiaAI Cloud.

Union Minister Piyush Goyal Announces Zero-Duty on 100% Australian Tariff Lines from January 01, 2026
On December 29, 2025, Union Minister Piyush Goyal, Ministry of Commerce & Industry (MoC&I), announced that 100% Australian tariff lines will be zero-duty for all Indian exports from January 01, 2026. 

  • The announcement coincided with the third anniversary of the India-Australia Economic Cooperation and Trade Agreement (ECTA), which took effect on 29 December 2022.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Announcement of zero-duty on 100% Australian tariff lines for Indian exports
  • Announced by: Union Minister Piyush Goyal, MoC&I
  • Effective From: January 01, 2026
  • Occasion: 3rd anniversary of India-Australia ECTA
  • Objective: Boost bilateral trade, enhance market access

About India-Australia Trade:
Objective: The initiative seeks to strengthen bilateral trade, improve market access for Australian goods in India, and bolster the India–Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership.
Increase in India’s Exports: India’s exports to Australia witnessed a growth of 8% in last financial year i.e. Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), enhancing India’s overall trade balance with the country.
Sectors Benefitted:The robust growth can be witnessed across various sectors like: manufacturing, chemicals, textiles, pharmaceuticals, petroleum products, and gems and jewellery.

  • Also, agri-exports registered  broad-based growth, driven by sharp increase in fruits, vegetables, marine products, spices and coffee.

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI released the Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2024-25In December 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) released the “Report on Trend and Progress of Banking in India 2024-25”, under the Section 36(2) of the Banking Regulation Act (BRA), 1949.

  •  The report explains the performance of the banking sector during 2024-25 and the first half of the 2025-26 period.

Banking System Structure: At end of Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), India’s commercial banking sector consisted of 12 Public Sector Banks (PSBs), 21 Private Sector Banks (PVBs), 44 foreign banks (FBs), 11 Small Finance Banks (SFBs), six payments banks (PBs), 43 Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), and two Local Area Banks(LABs).
Consolidated BS: The consolidated balance sheet of scheduled commercial banks (SCBs) (excluding RRBs) increased by 11.2% during FY25 as compared with 15.5% during FY24.
Asset and Liability: On the assets side, bank credit and investments increased by 11.5% and 9.2%, respectively, in FY25.
Share of Banks: The share of PSBs in the consolidated balance sheet of SCBs declined to 54.9% at end-March 2025 from 55.2% the previous year.
Bank fraud amount rises 30% to Rs 21,515 crore in April-September 2026
Fraud Rises: During the first half of Financial Year 2025–26 (FY26) (April–September), the number of reported bank fraud cases declined to 5,092.

  • However, despite the reduction in incidents, the total amount involved in these frauds increased by 30% to Rs 21,515 crore (Cr).

>>Read Full News

Rediff.com India Secures NPCI Approval for TPAP Licence
In December 2025, Rediff.com India Limited , a subsidiary of Infibeam Avenues Limited, received final approval from the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) to operate as a Third-Party Application Provider (TPAP).

  • The company subsequently began Closed User Group (CUG) testing of its digital payments platform, ‘RediffPay’, ahead of its Unified Payments Interface (UPI) public launch.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Received TPAP License for CUG testing of RediffPay
  • Who: Rediff.com India( Infibeam Avenues Ltd)
  • Approved by: NPCI
  • Objective: Launch India’s first financial wellness-focused UPI app
  • Credit: Pre-approved UPI credit for payments of Rs.1 lakh/day & withdrawals Rs. 10,000
  • Payment System Provider (PSP): Axis Bank.

About RediffPay:
Wellness: RediffPay, India’s first UPI app focused on financial wellness, integrates standard UPI functionality, promotes financial inclusion, offers multilingual services, complies with the Digital Personal Data Protection (DPDP) Act, 2023 and helps users save, invest, and access credit responsibly.
Services: The platform offers standard UPI features Peer-to-Peer (P2P) transfers, merchant payments, bill payments, and mobile recharges alongside investment products including equities, Mutual Funds (MF), Fixed Deposits (FD), and Recurring Deposits (RD).
Credit: Users can access pre-approved credit for merchant payments up to Rs.1,00,000 per day and cash withdrawals up to Rs.10,000.
Equity & Infrastructure: Infibeam Avenues Ltd. (proposed to be renamed AvenuesAI) owns 82% of Rediff.com India and leverages its fintech infrastructure and 60 million-user ecosystem to scale RediffPay, with Axis Bank as the Payment System Provider (PSP).

IDFC First Bank Unveils ‘Gaj: Invitation-only Metal Credit Card
In December 2025, IDFC First Bank Limited launched Gaj’, a premium metal credit card offered exclusively on an invitation-only basis, specifically designed to cater to High-Net-Worth Individuals (HNIs) with established relationships with the bank.

  • It is the top tier of IDFC First Bank’s premium metal card series, called the Ashva–Mayura–Gaj trilogy.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Launch of Invitation-only premium metal credit card
  • Name of Card: ‘Gaj’
  • Launched by: IDFC First Bank Limited
  • Available only for: HNIs
  • Joining and Annual Fee: Rs 12,500 +GST
  • Annual fee waived On: Annual Spends of  Rs 10 lakh
  • Key Features: Zero foreign exchange markup, interest-free global ATM withdrawals, airport lounge access.

About Gaj-Metal Premium Credit Card: 
Design: This newly launched credit card, crafted on metal, features a twin-elephant motif. It is designed to be a silent ambassador of Indian excellence on the global platform.
Fees: The ‘Gaj’ metal credit card carries a joining fee and annual fee of Rs.12,500 with Goods and Services Tax (GST) each, with the annual fee waived on annual spends of Rs.10 lakh.
Key Benefits: Cardholders receive 12,500 Reward Points(RP) on joining (Rs.1 = 1 RP on travel), effectively offsetting the joining fee.

  • The card offers zero foreign exchange markup, interest-free global Automated Teller Machine (ATM) cash withdrawals, accelerated rewards on hotel and flight bookings via the bank’s app, and travel perks including airport lounge access, trip cancellation cover up to Rs.50,000, and insurance benefits.

Syria Unveils New Currency Series for Circulation from January 1, 2026
In December 2025, President of Syria, Ahmed al-Sharaa, and Abdul Qadir Husrieh, Governor, Central Bank of Syria, unveiled a new series of bank notes at a ceremony in Damascus, Syria.

  • The currencies ranging from 10 to 500 Syrian pounds(SYP) will enter circulation from January 1, 2026.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Syria unveiled new bank notes
  • Where? In Damascus (Syria)
  • When? Circulation starts January 1, 2026 (90-day dual tender)
  • Redenomination: 10 to 500 Syrian Pounds, Two Zeros removed
  • Design? Agricultural motifs (roses, wheat, olives, oranges); no portraits

About New Syrian Currencies: 
Redenomination Details: Currency reform drops two zeros (e.g., 10,000 old SYP = 100 new SYP) to combat hyperinflation and simplify transactions without altering purchasing power. All bank deposits and electronic balances auto-convert on Day 1. Central Bank oversees nationwide swap at branches.
Design Symbolism: New notes feature nature motifs replacing Assad-era portraits: wheat fields, olive branches, orange blossoms, roses. Represents “new national identity” and economic rebirth after 2025 regime fall. Coins planned for smaller denominations later.
Currency Transition: The new banknotes are expected to coexist with the old notes for about 90 days, providing time for people to exchange currency.

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

MHA Appoints IPS Officer Rakesh Agarwal as Interim DG of NIA
In December 2025, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC) approved the appointment of Rakesh Agarwal, an Indian Police Service(IPS) officer, as the Interim Director General (DG) of the National Investigation Agency (NIA) under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA). He will hold the position until a full-time DG is appointed.

  • This follows the premature repatriation of Sadanand Vasant Date, former DG of NIA, to his parent cadre in Maharashtra.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Additional charge of NIA DG (interim)
  • Who? Rakesh Agarwal
  • Predecessor: Sadanand Vasant Date
  • Tenure? Till regular DG appointed or further orders

About Rakesh Agarwal: He is a 1994-batch IPS officer from the Himachal Pradesh (HP) cadre, who is currently serving as the Special Director General (SDG) at NIA from September 2025. He was recognized for expertise in counterterrorism, terror financing, and organized crime investigations.
About NIA: NIA, established in 2008, in New Delhi (Delhi), following the 26/11 Mumbai attack in Mumbai, Maharashtra. It is a premier counter-terrorism agency, which investigates terrorism, terror financing, and organized crime affecting national security.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DRDO Conducts Maiden Flight Test of 120-km Range Pinaka LRGR 120 in OdishaOn 29th December 2025, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted the maiden flight test of the Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR 120), at the Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, Odisha.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Maiden flight test of Pinaka Long Range Guided Rocket (LRGR 120)
  • By Whom? Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO)
  • Where? Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur, Odisha
  • Range: 120 kilometres
  • Launcher: In-service Pinaka Launcher
  • Coordination: ITR Chandipur & Proof and Experimental Establishment (PXE)
  • Design: Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE)
  • Developed by: High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) and supported by Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) and Research Centre Imarat (RCI).

About Maiden Flight Test:
Mission: The test achieved its mission objective of striking a target at a maximum range of 120 kilometer (km) with precision.
Launcher Versatility: The LRGR was fired from an in-service Pinaka launcher, demonstrating the system’s versatility and its ability to launch multiple Pinaka variants of varying ranges from a single platform.
Validation: The successful flight trial, conducted from an in-service Pinaka launcher, was coordinated by Integrated Test Range (ITR) Chandipur and Proof & Experimental Establishment (PXE), confirming both system performance and launcher integration.
Key People: The event was graced by Union Minister Rajnath Singh, Ministry of Defence (MoD), Dr. Samir V. Kamat, Secretary, Department of Defence Research and Development (DDR&D) and Chairman of DRDO and other dignitaries.
About Pinaka LRGR 120 :
Capability: The Pinaka LRGR 120 is a long-range, precision-guided rocket for the Pinaka Multiple Launch Rocket System (MLRS), delivering deep-strike and stand-off engagement capability against high-value targets, while strengthening the Indian Army’s (IA’s) counter-force and long-range artillery operations.
Guidance: An advanced onboard guidance system markedly improves accuracy and minimizes Circular Error Probable (CEP).
Design Lead: The rocket was designed by the Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE) under DRDO.
Development Support: Development was carried out in association with High Energy Materials Research Laboratory (HEMRL) and supported by Defence Research and Development Laboratory (DRDL) and Research Centre Imarat (RCI).
 About Odisha:
Chief Minister (CM) – Mohan Charan Majhi
Governor
– Hari Babu Kambhampati
Capital – Bhubaneswar
Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS) – Lakhari valley WLS, Karlapat WLS

Union Minister Ram Mohan Naidu Inaugurates HAL’s Dhruv-NG Helicopter in BengaluruIn December 2025, Union Minister Ram Mohan Naidu, Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA), inaugurated and flagged off the inaugural flight of the indigenous next-generation civil helicopter Dhruv-NG(Next Generation) at Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) facilities in Bengaluru, Karnataka.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Inauguration of Dhruv-NG civil helicopter and first flight flagged off
  • By Whom? Union Minister Ram Mohan Naidu, MoCA
  • Where? Bengaluru, Karnataka
  • Operator: HAL
  • Variant: Civil version of the indigenous Advanced Light Helicopter (ALH)
  • Engines: Twin Shakti 1H1C engines
  • Weight & Capacity: Maximum take-off weight 5,500 kg, carries up to 14 passengers
  • Speed & Range: Maximum speed 285 km/h, range ~630 km, endurance ~3 hours 40 minutes
  • Purpose: Designed for civil aviation with focus on safety, performance, passenger comfort, and global market standards.

About Dhruv-NG :
Aircraft: The Dhruv NG is an Advanced Light Helicopter(ALH) developed and manufactured by HAL, designed to meet civil aviation requirements and represent a significant advance in India’s indigenous aerospace capabilities.
Type: A 5.5-tonne, light twin-engine, multi-role civil helicopter suitable for Very Important Person(VIP) transport, air ambulance, offshore operations, law enforcement, disaster relief, and Search and Rescue (SAR).
Engines: Powered by twin Shakti 1H1C(One Helicopter, One Engine Control) engines, offering higher power, internal maintenance in India.
Weight & Capacity: Maximum take-off weight 5,500 kilogram (kg), carries up to 14 passengers.
Speed & Range: Maximum speed 285 kilometer per hour (km/h), range of 630 km, endurance 3 hours 40 minutes, and a service ceiling of 6,000 meter (m).
Cockpit: Features a civil-certified glass cockpit compliant with Avionics System Level 4 (AS4) standards, integrated with modern avionics for superior situational awareness.
Safety: Includes crashworthy seats, self-sealing fuel tanks, twin-engine redundancy, and advanced vibration-control systems for a smooth and secure flight.
Cabin: The 7.33 cubic metre (m3) cabin is configurable for VIP transport (4–6 seats), air ambulance (4 stretchers plus doctor and attendant), or up to 14 passengers with 1,000 kilogram (kg) payload.
Support: HAL provides end-to-end manufacturing, maintenance, and upgrades, with Power-By-Hour (PBH) and Performance-Based Logistics (PBL) ensuring high fleet serviceability.
Indigenous: Represents a major milestone in India’s rotary-wing technology and offers a high-performance, cost-effective alternative to imported light twin-engine helicopters.
About Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL):
HAL is a Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Department of Defence Production, Ministry of Defence (MoD), originally established as Hindustan Aircraft on 22 December 1940 and restructured as HAL in 1964.
Chairman and Managing Director (CMD)- Dr. D.K. Sunil
Headquarters– Bengaluru, Karnataka

OBITUARY

Former Bangladesh PM Begum Khaleda Zia Passed AwayOn December 30, 2025, Former Prime Minister (PM) of Bangladesh Begum Khaleda Zia, chairperson of Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), passed away at the age of 80 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. She was born on 15 August 1945 in Jalpaiguri in Bengal Province, British India (now in West Bengal, WB).

  • She served as PM from 1991 to 1996 and later from 2001 to 2006.

Exam Hints:

  • What? Former Bangladesh PM Begum Khaleda Zia Passed Away
  • Where?  Dhaka (Bangladesh)
  • Political Party: BNP (Chairperson)
  • Significance: First female PM of Bangladesh
  • PM Tenure: 1991-1996, 2001-2006

About Begum Khaleda Zia:
Profile: Khaleda Zia is the spouse of Ziaur Rahman, former President of Bangladesh. She entered politics after the assassination of her husband in 1981.
Career: In 1982, she joined the BNP, which was founded by Ziaur Rahman. In 1984, she became the Chairperson of the BNP. She emerged as an opposition leader against the military rule of H.M. Ershad, leading pro-democracy movements.
Leadership Roles: In 1991, after the fall of military rule, BNP won the free elections, and Khaleda Zia became the first woman PM of Bangladesh. She served till 1996, restoring parliamentary democracy, strengthening democratic institutions, and economic liberalization and private-sector growth.

  • In 1996, her government resigned amid political unrest over election demands.
  • In 2001, she again became the PM, focusing on infrastructure development, economic growth, strengthening relations with China, Pakistan, and Middle Eastern countries. Her tenure ended due to political instability in 2006.

Awards: In 2022, she was honored with the ‘Mother of Democracy’ award by the Canadian Human Rights International Organization (CHRIO) for her contributions to democracy and human rights.
About Bangladesh:
President – Mohammed Shahabuddin
Capital – Dhaka
Currency – Bangladeshi Taka (BDT)

STATE NEWS

Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman Launches ‘VijAIpatha’ Labs in Karnataka Government SchoolsIn December 2025, Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Ministry of Finance (MoF) and Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), launched Cyient AI Labs (CyAILS) – VijAIpatha, a pilot initiative to democratise access to Artificial Intelligence (AI), Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), and Robotics education in government schools at a girls’ government school in Hosapete taluk, Vijayanagara district, Karnataka.
About VijAIpatha Initiative:
Objective: Democratizes AI and STEM education in rural and semi-urban government schools through a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)-led, scalable, and replicable pilot model.
Budget: The three-year pilot has an approximate budget of Rs 1 crore.
Phase: The initiative is structured in two phases: Phase 1 for pilot launch in five schools and Phase 2 for national-level expansion as a benchmark model.
Infrastructure: Labs are equipped with high-performance computers, AI-ready software, robotics kits, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, sensors, and secure broadband.
Karnataka Launched India’s First AI-Powered Skills Intelligence Unit to Revolutionize Workforce
In December 2025, the Government of Karnataka launched India’s first Artificial Intelligence (AI)-powered Skills Intelligence Unit, the Karnataka Strategic & Intelligence Unit (KSIU), along with District Skill Groups (DSGs), to decentralize the technology ecosystem and bridge the skills gap through AI.
The announcement was made by Sanjeev Kumar Gupta, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Karnataka Digital Economy Mission (KDEM), at the Quest 2 Learn Summit 2025 hosted by Quest Alliance in Bengaluru, Karnataka.
About Karnataka:
Chief Minister (CM) – Siddaramaiah
Governor – Thaawar Chand Ghelot
Capital – Bengaluru
National Park (NP) – Anshi NP, Nagarhole (Rajiv Gandhi) NP
>>Read Full News

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Current Affairs Today (AffairsCloud Today)

Current Affairs 31 December 2025
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Union Minister Ram Mohan Naidu Inaugurates HAL’s Dhruv-NG Helicopter in Bengaluru
Former Bangladesh PM Begum Khaleda Zia Passed Away
Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman Launches ‘VijAIpatha’ Labs in Karnataka Government Schools

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