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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
MeitY Launched ‘Vishvasya’-Blockchain Technology Stack to Offer BaaS with a Geographically Distributed Infrastructure
On 4th September 2024, S. Krishnan, Secretary, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) launched the ‘Vishvasya’-Blockchain Technology Stack. It is designed to provide Blockchain-as-a-Service (BaaS) with a geographically distributed infrastructure to support various permissioned Blockchain based applications.
- This framework aimed to enhance transparency, security, and efficiency in digital service delivery.
- The MeitY also launched the ‘NBFLite’-Lightweight Blockchain Platform, ‘Praamaanik’ and National Blockchain Portal.
About Ministry of Electronic and IT (MeitY):
Union Minister- Ashwini Vaishnaw (Rajya Sabha member- Odisha)
Minister of State (MoS)- Jitin Prasada(Lok Sabha constituency- Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh, UP)
>> Read Full News
Indian Navy & South African Navy Signed IA To Enhance Submarine Rescue Support Cooperation
The Indian Navy (IN) and the South African (SA) Navy has signed an Implementing Agreement (IA) to strengthen cooperation on submarine rescue support in order to ensure the safety of the South African Navy’s submarine crew in times of distress or accident.
- The IA was signed by Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi, Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) of the IN, and Vice Admiral Monde Lobese, Chief of the SA Navy in New Delhi(Delhi).
Background:
i.The 12th India-South Africa Navy Staff Talks were held on August 27-28 2024 in New Delhi, Delhi to further enhance Navy-to-Navy collaboration between India and South Africa.
ii.The talks addressed the evolving maritime complexities in the maritime domain through continued exchanges and exercises like India-Brazil-South Africa Maritime Exercise (IBSAMAR).
iii.The dialogue provided an opportunity to exchange best practices in Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Defense (NBCD), as well as diving assistance, via Subject Matter Expert Exchanges (SMEE).
About the IA:
i.As per the IA agreement, the IN will enhance the collaborative ties between the two navies by providing assistance through the deployment of its Deep Submergence Rescue Vehicle (DSRV) when required.
- The DSRV is a type of deep-submergence vehicle used for rescue of downed submarines and secret missions.
iii.The agreement emphasises a shared commitment to mutual support and maritime safety.
iv.This partnership strengthens India and SA’s long-standing maritime relationship.
Note: The IN operates 2 DSRVs were bought from the United Kingdom(UK). Indian Naval Ship(INS)Nistar was inducted into the IN in 2018 in Mumbai(Maharashtra) and INS Nireekshak in 2019 in Visakhapatnam(Andhra Pradesh, AP).
About Indian Navy (IN):
Chief of the Naval Staff (CNS) – Admiral Dinesh Kumar Tripathi
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Founded – January 26, 1950
Union Textiles Minister Giriraj Singh launches India’s 1st Fashion Forecasting initiative ‘VisioNxt’
On 5th September 2024, the Union Minister Giriraj Singh, Ministry of Textiles, launched ‘VisioNxt’ – Trend Insight and Forecasting lab, the India’s 1st Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) enabled trend forecasting Initiative developed by the National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT).
- He also launched the bilingual (Hindi and English) web portal of ‘VisioNxt’ and the India’s first ever Fashion Trend Book ‘Paridhi 24×25’.
About VisioNxt:
i.VisioNxt was established in response to the 2017 Global Textile Summit, where the need for India-specific fashion trend insights was highlighted.
ii.The initiative was established at NIFT Delhi (Creative Lab) and NIFT Chennai (Tamil Nadu) (Insights Lab) in 2018 with support from the Ministry of Textiles. This initiative focuses on forecasting fashion trends for the Indian market.
iii.It Aims to reduce reliance on global forecasting agencies by offering localized insights for India’s fashion industry.
Features:
i.Key features include a unique AI model, “DeepVision,” capable of analyzing over 100 categories of Indian and Western wear.
ii.It has a vast dataset of over 70,000 primary apparel images to predict trends in style, color, and regional accents.
iii.This will be providing support to weavers, manufacturers, designers, and fashion brands.
iv.It empowers Indian businesses to design and launch consumer-focused collections, marking India’s entry into the global fashion forecasting space.
MoL&J Launched New Notary Portal to Make Appointment of Notories Seamless, Efficient and Transparent
On 3rd September 2024, Union Minister of State (MoS) (Independent Charge-IC) Arjun Ram Meghwal, Ministry of Law and Justice (MoL&J), launched the new Notary Portal (https://notary.gov.in/) in function organised by Department of Law and Justice (DoL&J) in New Delhi, Delhi.
- During the event, the minister digitally issued the 1st Certificate of Notary Practice.
i.It was launched in association with National Informatics Centre (NIC). It is designed and developed with different modules which will be rolled out in phases.
- Modules related to renewal of CoP and submission of annual returns will be launched later in 2024.
ii.The Notary Portal facilitates an online interface between the notaries and the Government for different services like submission of applications for appointment as notaries, issuance and renewal of Certificates of Practice (CoP), change of practice area, submission of annual returns, among others.
iii.The portal removes the requirement of submitting applications/requests in physical mode by the Central Notaries.
- Thus, they can submit their applications online; track its progress; and download digitally signed CoP from their digilocker accounts.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Overview of PM Narendra Modi’s three-day Visit to Brunei and Singapore from 3rd September to 5th September, 2024
Narendra Modi, Prime Minister (PM) of India was on a 3-day visit to Brunei Darussalam and Singapore from 3rd September to 5th September 2024. He started the 1st leg of his visit with Brunei from 3rd September to 4th September 2024 at the invitation of Sultan of Brunei Haji Hassanal Bolkiah.
- This marks PM Modi’s 1st visit as well as 1st-ever bilateral visit by an Indian PM to Brunei Darussalam. This visit of PM Modi to Brunei also coincided with the 40th anniversary of establishment of diplomatic ties between two countries.
Key Points:
i.On 3rd September 2024, PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the new chancery premises of the Indian High Commission in Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam.
- Leaders of both countries witnessed the signing and exchange of an Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Cooperation in the operation of Telemetry, Tracking and Telecommand (TTC)Station for Satellite and Launch Vehicles.
ii.PM Modi concluded his two-nation visit by visiting Singapore from 4th September to 5th September 2024 at the invitation of Lawrence Wong, PM of Singapore.
- India and Singapore signed 4 key agreements on semiconductors; digital cooperation; health care and medical research; and education and skill development.
About Brunei Darussalam:
Prime Minister (PM)- Hassanal Bolkiah
Capital- Bandar Seri Begawan
Currency- Brunei Dollar (BND)
About Singapore:
Prime Minister (PM)- Lawrence Wong
Capital- Singapore
Currency- Singapore Dollar (SGD)
>> Read Full News
UK & India Launches United Kingdom-India Infrastructure Financing Bridge 
The United Kingdom (UK) and India have launched the UK – India Infrastructure Financing Bridge (UKIIFB), a new initiative aimed at enhancing their financial and professional services collaboration.
- The UKIIFB agreement was signed between the City of London Corporation Limited and NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) in London, UK.
Note: The UKIIFB was announced as an objective during the 12th India- UK Economic and Financial Dialogue (EFD) held in New Delhi, Delhi in September 2023.
About UKIIFB:
Aims:
i.To suggest ways to accelerate the mobilisation of international private sector investment into Indian sustainable infrastructure.
ii.To provide policy makers with recommendations on how to address barriers to international private sector investment in Indian sustainable infrastructure.
iii.To work together towards developing knowledge and best practices on sustainable infrastructure projects and how these can be better positioned as investable and attractive to international investors.
Functions:
i.The initiative leverages the UK’s expertise in project planning and phasing to attract long-term infrastructure investment to India.
ii.This will offer an platform for investors to collaborate with India’s project developers to expedite the investable and sustainable infrastructure development.
iii.The 1st raft of projects under consultation in the partnership include national highways, regional rapid transport and renewable energy.
Steering Committee:
The steering committee of UKIIFB will have representatives from HM Treasury, Aon, Arup, Mott MacDonald, Clifford Chance, Sequoia Investment Management Company, Department of Economic Affairs, Larsen and Toubro Limited (L&T), Sorin Investment Fund, Economic Laws Practice and AECOM India Private Limited. The committee will oversee the initiative’s implementation.
About United Kingdom (UK):
Prime Minister (PM) – Keir Rodney Starmer
Capital – London
Currency – The pound sterling, or British Pound Sterling (GBP)
India & UAE Signed MoU To Strengthen Public Sector Audit Cooperation
The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the United Arab Emirates (UAE) Accountability Authority to strengthen cooperation between the two institutions in public sector audits.
Signatories: The MoU was signed by Girish Chandra Murmu, the CAG of India, and Humaid Obaid Khalifa Obaid Abushibs, the President of the UAE Accountability Authority during a bilateral meeting in Abu Dhabi, UAE.
About MoU:
i.The MoU aims to promote and deepen collaboration between the two Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) in order to boost each institution’s professional ability and improve techniques in the field of Public Sector Auditing(PSA).
ii.The other areas of cooperation committed through this MoU include the exchange of knowledge and experiences in the field of PSA, as well as conducting capacity development programmes at SAI India or SAI UAE on a need basis.
About the Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG):
CAG is the apex audit institution, established under Article 148 of the Constitution of India.
CAG – Girish Chandra Murmu
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Established – 1858
About United Arab Emirates (UAE):
Prime Minister (PM) – Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum
President – Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Al Nahyan
Capital – Abu Dhabi
Currency – United Arab Emirates Dirham (AED)
BANKING & FINANCE
SEBI Sets up 22 member Advisory Committee on Listing Obligations and Disclosures
The Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has set up a 22-member advisory committee to streamline the rules for listing obligations and disclosures.
- The Advisory Committee on Listing Obligations and Disclosures (ACLOD) will be chaired by Rama Subramaniam Gandhi, a former Deputy Governor of the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
About the committee:
i.Function: The committee will provide advice to SEBI on disclosure requirements, listing and post-listing obligations, harmonisation, and corporate governance.
ii.Members: The members include NK Dua, Joint Director (JD) in Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA); Keki Mistry, Non-Executive Director (ED) of HDFC Bank Limited; stock exchange heads, Proxy Advisory firm Managing Directors (MD), and representatives from industry bodies, corporates, and legal experts.
Key Points:
i.In June 2024, SEBI proposed 50 amendments to streamline disclosure and listing obligations, based on proposals from a separate expert committee of 21 members chaired by SK Mohanty, a former SEBI whole-time member.
ii.The Mohanty committee produced a 200-page report proposing changes related to party transactions, promoter reclassification, director appointments, Initial Public Offering (IPO) eligibility, and disclosure timelines.
iii.These proposals aim to bridge gaps and address overlaps in the Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements and Issue of Capital and Disclosure Requirements regulations issued by SEBI.
iv.SEBI will examine the Mohanty committee’s recommendations at its next board meeting, planned for the last week of September 2024.
v.An expert group proposed a longer promoter lock-in period if funds bought through an IPO were used to repay loans utilised for capital expenditures.
vi.The increasing timeline raising the time limit for disclosing of litigation from 24 hours to 72 hours was also suggested.
About the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI):
The SEBI was established as a non-statutory body on 12th April 1988, and as a statutory body on 30th January 1992.
Chairman – Madhabi Puri Buch
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Motilal Oswal Launches India’s first 500 Momentum 50 Index fund
Motilal Oswal Mutual Fund (MOMF), managed by Motilal Oswal Asset Management Company Ltd. (MOAMC), has launched its New Fund Offer (NFO), the ‘Motilal Oswal Nifty 500 Momentum 50 Index Fund’. This is India’s first 500 Momentum 50 Index fund.
- This NFO began on September 2, 2024 and will end on September 16, 2024.
Key Points:
i.The objective of this open-ended index fund is to capture the Nifty 500 index’s high-momentum stock performance.
ii.This provides a new option for investors seeking high momentum stocks in the large, mid, and small-cap groups.
- The minimum investment is Rs. 500 initially, with subsequent investments starting at Rs.1
iii.The index chooses stocks based on their price performance over the previous six months and one year.
iv.The scheme will allocate 95-100% of its assets to the constituents of the Nifty 500 Momentum 50 Index and 0-5% to units of liquid schemes and money market instruments.
v.The fund will be managed by Swapnil Mayekar and Rakesh Shetty.
About Nifty 500 Momentum 50 Index:
i.The Nifty 500 Momentum 50 Index tracks the performance of fifty stocks chosen from the Nifty 500 index according to their normalised momentum score.
ii.It is designed to replicate the performance of the Nifty 500 Momentum 50 Total Return Index (TRI).
iii.This index includes 50 stocks chosen for their strong performance, representing a full spectrum of market capitalizations within the Nifty 500 index.
About Motilal Oswal Asset Management Company Ltd. (MOAMC):
Managing Director(MD) & Chief Executive Officer(CEO) – Prateek Agarwal
Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra
Incorporated – 2008
Hitachi Payment Services & NPCI Introduced India’s first Android-Based CRM ATM
Mumbai (Maharashtra) based Hitachi Payment Services Private Limited has introduced India’s first Android-Based Cash Recycling Machine (CRM) Automated Teller Machine (ATM), in collaboration with Mumbai based National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI) at the Global Fintech Fest (GFF) 2024 in Mumbai.
i.This CRM is designated as HPDx-BU01 and works as a Digital Banking Unit(DBU), offering one-stop services in a modern digital banking environment.
ii.It is provided with features such as home loan applications, credit card applications, and investments in Fixed Deposit (FD).
iii.It provides customers with the ease of card-less cash deposits 24 X 7 into their own and other people’s bank accounts.
iv.It permits banks to offer a range of banking and non-banking services according to their business needs and local market requirements, including Quick-Response (QR)-based Unified Payments Interface (UPI) cash withdrawal, account creation, credit card issuance, personal and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) loans, and insurance.
BharatPe Partners with Unity Bank to Launch Third Party Application for Easier Digital Payments
India’s leading Fintech Company, BharatPe has announced its partnership with Mumbai (Maharashtra)-based Unity Small Finance Bank Limited (Unity Bank), to launch it’s Unified Payments Interface (UPI) TPAP (Third Party Application Provider) service for easier digital payments.
- It has also rebranded its Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) app, postpe, to BharatPe.
Key Features:
i.The UPI TPAP will enable the customers to create their UPI ID on the BharatPe app to make payments to individuals, merchants and can also pay various bills.
- It is currently available on the play store for Android users.
ii.The new app has potential to cater the vast range of payment use cases with various features like: scan and pay, pay to self, pay to merchant, utility bill payments across a range of billers in prepaid, among others.
iii.The app also includes UPI Lite, which permits the customers to preload an online wallet and make transactions of maximum Rs 500 for both Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and Peer-to-Merchant (P2M) payments without any requirement of UPI Personal Identification Number (PIN).
ECONOMY & BUSINESS
India’s Current Account Deficit Likely to Rise 1% of GDP in Q2FY25: Ind-Ra Report
According to the India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra) latest report, India’s Current Account Balance (CAB) is expected to increase 1% of its Gross Domestic Product (GDP)in the 2nd Quarter (Q2: July-September) of Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25).
- The report has estimated a deficit of nearly USD 8 billion, is equivalent to 0.8% of GDP in the Q1 of FY25, which is a reversal from the surplus of USD 5.7 billion (0.6% of GDP)in the previous quarter.
i.As per the report, India’s merchandise exports grew by 6% Year-on-Year (Y-o-Y) in Q1 of FY25.
ii.India’s merchandise imports in Q1FY25 increased by 7.6% Y-o-Y, to USD 172.2 billion.
iii.As per the report, global trade in Q1FY25 saw a 14.1% Y-o-Y growth, the fastest pace of growth in six quarters.
About India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra):
Chairman, Managing Director (CMD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Rohit Karan Sawhney
Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established- 1995
>> Read Full News
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
Michel Barnier Appointed as New Prime Minister of France
On 5th September 2024, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, has appointed Michel Barnier (73 years old), Former Brexit negotiator, as the new Prime Minister (PM) of France. At 73, Barnier is the oldest of the 26 prime ministers that have served modern France’s Fifth Republic.
- He will take charge from the outgoing PM Gabriel Attal, who has been serving as the caretaker PM of France following the 2024 Election results.
- The appointment comes after more than 50 days of caretaker government. This is the longest government transition period ever in French history.
Note: Gabriel Attal has been serving as the PM of France since January 2024. At the age of 34, he became the youngest person and the first openly gay person to serve as French PM.
In July 2024, he official resigned from the post and continued to serve in a caretaker capacity.
About Michel Barnier:
i.Michel Barnier is a veteran conservative politician from the right winged Republicans party (LR).
ii.In 1978, he was elected to the National Assembly as the youngest Member of Parliament(MP).
iii.He has held several key roles in French governments, including:
- Minister of the Environment (1993–1995)
- Minister for European Affairs (1995–1997)
- Minister of Foreign Affairs (2004–2005)
- Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries (2007–2009)
iv.At the European Union(EU) level, he was European Commissioner for Internal Market and Services (2010–2014).
v.He was named as EU’s Brexit negotiator after the United Kingdom (UK)’s referendum on leaving EU. He served as EU’s Chief Brexit Negotiator from 2016 to 2021.
Awards & Honours:
He has received numerous honors, including France’s Chevalier of the Légion d’honneur and Commander of the Ordre du Mérite Maritime, and international awards like the Medal of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay and the Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry (Portugal), and Order of the Star of Romania.
About France:
President– Emmanuel Macron
Capital– Paris
Currency– Euro
FSIB Recommends Rama Mohan Rao Amara for MD of SBI
The Financial Services Institutions Bureau (FSIB) has recommended Rama Mohan Rao Amara for the position of Managing Director (MD) of State Bank of India (SBI) to fill the vacancy created by the elevation of Challa Sreenivasulu (CS) Setty as the Chairman of SBI.
- He is currently serving as the Deputy MD of SBI(since July 2023).
Background:
i.FSIB interviewed 9 candidates for the MD position at SBI.
ii.Rama Mohan Rao Amara was selected based on his experience, performance, and qualifications.
iii.The final decision on the recommendation will be made by the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), led by Prime Minister (PM) of India Narendra Modi.
- Amara will become the 4th MD of the SBI’ which is led by a Chairman and 4 MDs.
About Rama Mohan Rao Amara:
i.Rama Mohan Rao Amara started his career in SBI as a probationary officer in 1991.
Prior to his appointment as Deputy MD of SBI, He served as the MD and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of SBI Cards and Payment Services since January 2021.
ii.He has also served as the Chief General Manager, State Bank of India, Bhopal Circle, Madhya Pradesh and Chief General Manager, Financial Control at SBI Corporate Centre in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
iii.He has also served as the CEO of Chicago branch and then as President and CEO of SBI California, The United States of America(USA).
About FSIB:
i.FSIB is chaired by Bhanu Pratap Sharma, former Secretary of the Department of Personnel and Training (DoPT).
ii.Other members include Animesh Chauhan, former MD of Oriental Bank of Commerce, RBI’s ex-executive director Deepak Singhal, and Shailendra Bhandari, former MD of ING Vysya Bank.
About State Bank of India (SBI):
Chairman– Challa Sreenivasulu Setty
Headquarters– Mumbai, Maharashtra
Establishment– 1955
Tagline– Pure Banking, Nothing Else
Gov Names Deepti Gaur Mukerjee as SEBI Board Member
The Government of India(GoI) has named Deepti Gaur Mukherjee, Secretary of the Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), as a Member of the Board of Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).
- Mukherjee has replaced erstwhile MCA Secretary Manoj Govil, who recently was posted as Expenditure Secretary in theMinistry of Finance(MoF). He has been serving as a part-time member of the SEBI Board since December 2022.
- Deepti Gaur Mukherjee is a 1993 batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the Madhya Pradesh (MP) cadre and has been serving as the MCA secretary from August 21, 2024.
- Prior to this, she was served as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of the National Health Authority(NHA), New Delhi(Delhi).
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Arianespace Launches Sentinel-2C Satellite Aboard Last Vega Rocket for Environmental Monitoring
Arianespace, France based space transportation company, has successfully launched the last Vega launcher (VV24 mission) carrying the third Copernicus Sentinel-2 (Sentinel-2C) satellite, into Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO) at an altitude of 775 kilometer(km).
- The mission was launched from the Guiana Space Center, French Guiana on 4th September 2024.
- This will serve as the Earth observation component of the European Union(EU)’s Space Program, which will provide crucial environmental data for the planet.
Points to Note:
i.This flight (VV24) was the last and 20th successful launch of Vega. This will be replaced by the upgraded Vega-C launcher, which is expected to return to flight by the end of 2024.
ii.The Vega rocket launched the previous two Sentinel-2 satellites in 2015 and 2017.
About Sentinel-2C:
i.Sentinel-2C was designed and built by a consortium of around 60 companies led by the Airbus Defence and Space (ADS).
- It was the 144th satellite built by ADS, launched by the Arianespace
ii.It is part of Copernicus, (originally called Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES)), the world’s most advanced Earth observation system.
- The program is co-funded by the EU and the European Space Agency (ESA)
iii.Equipped with an High resolution (HR) multispectral imager, the Sentinel-2C provides HR optical imagery for numerous applications including land, water, and atmospheric monitoring.
iv.It will generate valuable images and data to help respond to natural disasters, monitor pollution, and inform action on climate change.
Note: Sentinel-2C will replace its predecessor, Sentinel-2A, following a brief period of collective observations. Eventually, Sentinel-2D will succeed Sentinel-2B.
Sentinel-2 mission:
i.The Sentinel-2 mission is the result of close collaboration between ESA, the European Commission, industry, service providers, and data users.
ii.It is based on a constellation of 2 identical satellites, Sentinel-2A (launched in 2015) and Sentinel-2B (2017), flying in the same orbit but 180 degrees apart to optimise coverage and revisit time.
iii.Each satellite carries an HR multispectral imager to deliver optical images from the visible to the Short-Wave Infra-Red (SWIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
About Arianespace:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)– Stéphane Israël
Headquarters– Evry, France
Founded – 1980
ENVIRONMENT
Carrhotus piperus: New Spider Species Discovered in Tamil Nadu
A new species of jumping spider named ‘Carrhotus piperus’ has been discovered in the lower Palani Hills in Dindigul District, Tamil Nadu (TN). This discovery raises the total number of known Carrhotus species in India to 10, with 37 globally.
- The detailed research findings has been published in the Journal of Insect Biodiversity and Systematics (JIBS), an international peer-reviewed journal of Tarbiat Modares University (TMU) Press(Tehran, Iran).
Research details:
John Caleb T.D. from the Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, TN and M. Sampathkumar from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) – National Bureau of Agricultural Insect Resources (NBAIR), Bengaluru (Karnataka), provided a detailed taxonomy and illustration of the species.
Key Points:
i.During a 2016 survey in Thadiyankudisai, Dindigul (TN), Dr. Sampathkumar discovered the spider on pepper (Piper nigrum) plants, which was around two metres (m) above ground.
ii.The specific epithet, ‘piperus’, is derived from the plant’s generic name, signifying the spider’s distinctive habitat.
iii.The spider is distinguished from its closely related species by its distinctive prolateral protrusion and beak-shaped embolus.
About Tamil Nadu (TN):
Chief Minister (CM) – Muthuvel Karunanidhi Stalin
Governor – Ravindra Narayana Ravi
Wildlife Sanctuaries – Kalakad Wildlife Sanctuary, Vallanadu Black Buck Sanctuary
Tiger Reserve – Srivilliputhur – Meghamalai Tiger Reserve (SMTR)
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