Current Affairs 7 & 8 September 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

PM Narendra Modi inaugurated SEMICON India 2025 in New Delhi;  Unveils ‘Vikram-32’ Microprocessor In September 2025, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi inaugurated the 4th edition of SEMICON India at Yashobhoomi (India International Convention & Expo Centre) at New Delhi, Delhi.

• The event was held, under the theme “Building the Next Semiconductor Powerhouse” from September 2 to 4, 2025.

Highlights of SEMICON India 2025:
Organizer: The event was jointly organized by the India Semiconductor Mission (ISM), Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), and Semiconductor Equipment and Materials International (SEMI), the global semiconductor industry association.
Event:
Day 1 – Inauguration: Official launch of SEMICON India 2025.
Day 2 – Global Engagement: Exhibition visit, interactions with exhibitors, and a roundtable with global Chief Executive Officer(CEO)/ Chief Experience Officer / Chief officers(CXO) on India’s semiconductor potential.
Day 3 – Chip Design Focus: Panel discussions and keynotes centered on catalyzing India’s chip design ecosystem.
Launch of Vikram-32 Microprocessor:
First Made-in-India Chip: During the event, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, MeitY, Ministry of Railways (MoR), presented “Vikram-32”, India’s first indigenous 32-bit semiconductor microprocessor, to PM Narendra Modi,

• He also showcased test chips from four government-approved semiconductor projects.

Outcome of SEMICON India 2025:
At SEMICON India 2025, thirteen major announcements showcased India’s fast-track progress toward emerging as a global semiconductor powerhouse.
Launch of IDTA: Formation of the India Deep-Tech Investment Alliance (IDTA) announced, with an initial funding commitment of USD 1 million.
Tata Electronics: A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between Tata Electronics Private Limited (TEPL) and Merck, a global leader in semiconductor materials and solutions, to strengthen the semiconductor fab at Dholera (Gujarat), ensuring supply chain, materials, and workforce development.

• TEPL signed an MoU with Centre for Development of Advanced Computing (C-DAC), under India’s Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), to boost the semiconductor design ecosystem, startups and Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) under Design-Linked Incentive (DLI) scheme and Chips-to-Startup Programme.

Kaynes Semicon: It has partnered with SPARSH-IQ, 3rdiTech, Focally, and SenseSemi Technologies to develop India’s first fully Indigenous automotive and industrial AI vision solution.
Semiconductor Market: India’s semiconductor industry is set for rapid expansion, with the market projected to grow from USD 38 billion in 2023 to between USD 100 billion and USD110 billion by 2030.
>>Read Full News

SRS 2023 Report: India’s Birth and Death Rates Drop by Half Over 50 Years to 18.4 and 6.4In September 2025, the Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India (RGI&CCI) which works under the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), has released the Sample Registration System (SRS) Bulletin 2023. The report highlighted that for the 1st time, India’s birth and death rates have declined to nearly 50% i.e. to 18.4 and 6.4 in 2023, compared to 36.9 and 14.9 (in 1971), respectively.

• While, Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) has dropped to record low, from 129 deaths per 1,000 live births (in 1971) to 25 (in 2023). This IMR recorded in 2023 also marks a decline of 37.5% compared to 2013 level.

Key Findings:
Total Infertility Rate (TFR): India’s TFR has decreased from 2.0 (in 2022) to 1.9 (in 2023), far below the 5.2 recorded in 1971.

• The report highlighted that a total of 18 states and UTs now have TFR below the replacement level.

India’s Average Life Expectancy: As per the SRS-based Abridged Life Tables 2019-2023, India’s average life expectancy for males and females in 2023, was at around 68.5 years and 72.5 years, respectively.
Proportion of Elderly People: The datasets of SRS 2023 revealed that the proportion of the elderly people in India (people above the age of 60), has increased by 0.7% percentage points annually, to 9.7% of the population.
About Registrar General & Census Commissioner of India (RGI&CCI):
Registrar General of India (RGI)- Mrityunjay Kumar Narayan
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
>>Read Full News

MoHUA launches ‘Angikaar 2025’ campaign under PMAY-U 2.0In September 2025, Union Minister Manohar Lal, Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs(MoHUA), launched “Agnikaar 2025”, a step to enhance the implementation of Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana – Urban 2.0 (PMAY-U 2.0), in New Delhi(Delhi).
About Agnikaar 2025:
Campaign: The Angikaar 2025 campaign will run from 4th September 2025 to 31st October 2025, across 5,000+ Urban Local Bodies (ULBs) in India.
PMAY-U Awas Diwas: As part of the campaign, PMAY-U Awas Diwas will be celebrated on 17th September 2025, marking the first anniversary of the launch of PMAY-U 2.0.
PM Awas Mela – Shehri: An anchor event, ‘PM Awas Mela – Shehri’, will be organised at District Headquarters, and for larger cities, at the Municipal Corporation level.

• The event will be conducted in two phases: the first phase from 17th to 27th September 2025, and the second phase on any day between 16th and 31st October 2025.

>>Read Full News

BANKING & FINANCE

MFIN: MFIs’ disbursements drop 24% y-o-y to ₹22,805 crore in Q1FY26 In September 2025, Gurugram (Haryana) based Microfinance Industry Network (MFIN) India, an umbrella organisation of the Microfinance Institutions (MFIs), released the 54th edition of Micrometer as on 30 June 2025 report.

Key Findings:
Performance: The Asset Under Management (AUM) of MFIs is Rs 1,34,574 cr as on 30 June 2025, including owned portfolio Rs. 1,11,849 cr and managed portfolio of Rs. 22,725 cr.

• AUM decreased by 16.4% compared to 30 June 2024 and decreased by 5.4% compared to 31 March 2025.
• The client base also contracted from 4.5 cr to 3.8 crcompared to the same period last year.

Q1FY26: In Q1 FY 25-26, a loan amount of Rs 22,805 cr was disbursed through 41.5 lakh accounts, marking a 23.6% decline compared to the disbursement in Q1 FY 24-25.

• The average loan amount disbursed per account during Q1 FY 25-26 was Rs 54,956, reflecting an increase of approximately 16.5% compared to the same quarter of the previous financial year.

>>Read Full News

Amazon Acquires Axio for USD 200 million to Expand Digital Lending Business in India
In September 2025, Amazon India has completed the acquisition of fintech company Axio (formerly Capital Float), securing approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This deal, estimated at around USD 200 million (Rs. 1,762 crore), marks one of Amazon’s largest investments in India.

• The acquisition allows Amazon to expand into credit products and broaden its range of financial services.

Highlights of the Acquisition:
Leadership Continuity: Founders Sashank Rishyasringa and Gaurav Hinduja will continue to lead Axio, which will function as a wholly-owned Amazon subsidiary.
NBFC License: With this acquisition, Amazon India gains a Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) license, enabling direct lending to consumers and small businesses in India.
Existing partnership: Axio has powered Amazon Pay’s Buy Now, Pay Later (BNPL) services for six years; the acquisition formalizes and expands this partnership.

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

BHEL Partners with Horizon for Hydrogen Fuel Cell Trains
In September 2025, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited (BHEL), a Maharatna Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Ministry of Heavy Industries (MoHI), signed a 10-year Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Singapore-based Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies to jointly develop hydrogen fuel cell-based trains tailored for the Indian market.

Key Details of MoU:
Objective: The partnership aims to develop zero-emission trains using onboard hydrogen fuel cells to generate electricity, offering a sustainable alternative to diesel and electric locomotives.
Expanding Horizons:Through this partnership, BHEL aims to develop and enter a new market segment focused on hydrogen fuel cell technology for transportation applications.
Importance: The collaboration supports India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission(NGHM) and leverages BHEL’s strength in propulsion systems and locomotives along with Horizon’s expertise in hydrogen fuel cells.

NGEL Signs MoU with VOC Port to Establish Green Hydrogen Fuelling Station in Tuticorin, TN
In September 2025, National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC) Green Energy Limited (NGEL), a subsidiary of NTPC Limited, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority (VOCPA), to establish a Green Hydrogen Fuelling Station at the VOC Port in Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu (TN).

• This initiative makes it the first Indian port with a Green Hydrogen Fuelling Station.

Key People: The MoU was signed and exchanged by Kishore Kumar Hota, Chief General Manager (CGM), NTPC, and A. Ganesan, Chief Mechanical Engineer (CME), VOCPA, in the presence of Union Minister Sarbananda Sonowal, Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW).
Deployment of Trucks: As part of the MoU, NGEL will deploy hydrogen-based Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) trucks to gradually phase-out fossil fuel-powered trucks, enhancing decarbonization and energy security.
National Significance:Through these initiatives, VOC Port is set to become a central green shipping hub for India’s coastal corridors, supporting economic growth in Tamil Nadu and reinforcing India’s clean energy, sustainability, and net-zero emission targets.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

NIRF Rankings 2025: IIT-Madras Topped ‘Overall Category’ for 7th Consecutive YearIn September 2025, Union Minister Dharmendra Pradhan, Ministry of Education (MoE) released the 10th edition of the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) i.e. NIRF Rankings 2025, during a special event held at the Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Delhi.

• As per the NIRF’s latest rankings, the Indian Institute of Technology Madras (IIT-M) has secured the top spot in the ‘overall category’ with an overall score of 87.31, for the 7th consecutive year (2019-2025).
• It is followed by Indian Institute of Science (IISc) Bengaluru and IIT-Bombay (IIT-B) ranked at 2nd and 3rd position, respectively.

Key Highlights:
States-wise Representation: Tamil Nadu (TN) with 17 colleges, emerged as the most represented state in this year’s rankings, followed by Karnataka (6), Maharashtra (11), Delhi (8), among others.
IITs Dominance: This year’s ranking in overall category is dominated by Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) as more than 4 IITs were featured among the top 10 including IIT-M, IIT-Delhi (IIT-D), IIT-Kanpur (IIT-K).
IIT-M Dominance: Apart from securing 1st position in overall category, IIT-M has also retained the top spot in ‘Engineering’ subject-domain category for the 10th consecutive year (2016-2025).
About Ministry of Education (MoE):
Union Minister- Dharmendra Pradhan (Lok Sabha Constituency- Sambalpur, Odisha)
Minister of State (MoS)– Jayant Chaudhary (Rajya Sabha- Uttar Pradesh, UP); Dr. Sukanta Majumdar (Constituency- Balurghat, West Bengal, WB)
>>Read Full News

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Andrew Michael Holness Re-elected as Jamaican PM for Third TermIn September 2025, Jamaica’s Prime Minister(PM) Andrew Michael Holness, leader of the Jamaica Labour Party (JLP), was re-elected for a third consecutive term after the JLP secured a majority in the parliamentary elections held on September 3, 2025.

• This victory marks the first time a JLP leader has served 3 consecutive terms as PM, setting a new precedent in Jamaica’s political history.

Election Outcome:
JLP: Secured 34 seats in the House of Representatives and will appoint 13 of 21 senators to the upper chamber.
PNP:The People’s National Party (PNP), led by Opposition Leader Mark Golding, secured 29 seats in the House of Representatives and will nominate 8 senators to the Jamaican Senate.
Historic Context: The 2025 General Election marked the 19th election in Jamaica since the introduction of Universal Adult Suffrage in 1944.
About Andrew Michael Holness:
Career: He began his professional journey in the non-profit sector as Executive Director(ED) of the Volunteer Opportunities, Unlimited for Childhood Education and Hope (VOUCH).
Politics: In 1997, he was elected Member of Parliament (MP) for St. Andrew West Central at the age of 25, making him one of the youngest MPs in Jamaica’s history.
Ministerial Roles: He held ministerial portfolios in Housing (2002) and Education (2005), and subsequently served as Minister of Education in 2007, overseeing major educational reforms in Jamaica.
Prime Minister(PM): In 2011, Andrew Holness became Jamaica’s youngest PM(at 39) succeeded former PM Bruce Golding and the first PM born after the country’s independence in 1962, marking a historic milestone.

• Although his initial term was brief, he was elected to a full term in 2016 at age 44, becoming the youngest ever to win the office.
• In 2020, Holness led the JLP to a decisive victory, securing a second consecutive term as PM.
• He is currently the longest-serving PM from the JLP.

About Jamaica: 
Capital – Kingston
Currency – Jamaican Dollar(JMD)

ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Dassault Aviation Raises Additional 2% Stake in DRAL to 51%
On September 5, 2025, Dassault Aviation, a French aerospace company, acquired an additional 2% stake worth approximately Rs.176 crores (USD 20 million) in Dassault Reliance Aerospace Limited (DRAL), a Joint Venture (JV) between Dassault Aviation and Reliance Aerostructure, a subsidiary of Reliance Infrastructure, from Reliance Aerostructure, increasing its shareholding from 49% to 51%.

• The transaction is expected to be completed by 1 November 2025.

Significance: With this move, Dassault holds the majority stake in DRAL, allowing it to provide direct guarantees, warranties, and long-term services to its Indian and global customers.

• Reliance Aerostructure, as a minority stakeholder, will have less control over operations.

About DRAL: DRAL, based in Nagpur (Maharashtra), manufactures components for Rafale and Falcon jets. It has been designated as a Centre of Excellence (CoE) for Dassault Falcon Jets (6X, 8X, and 2000 series).

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

China Unveiled JL-1 Air-Launched Ballistic Missile in Military Parade
In September 2025, the People’s Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF) of China unveiled the Jinglei-1 (JL-1) Air-Launched Ballistic Missile (ALBM) during 2025 China Victory Day Parade held at Tiananmen Square, Beijing (China), marking the first public display of the air component of China’s nuclear triad.

About JL-1 Missile:
Type: The JL-1 or JingLei-1, is a nuclear-capable ALBM designed to be launched from H-6N bombers, equipped with in-flight refueling capability.
Range: Approximately 8,000 kilometre (km)
Design: Broadly based on the design of the ground launched DF-21 series of ballistic missiles.
Warheads: Capable of carrying nuclear or conventional warheads.
Features: The system is equipped with a Maneuverable Re-entry Vehicle (MARV) for precision strikes, enhancing survivability and second-strike capability
Other Weapons Unveiled:

• JL-3 SLBM – Submarine-launched intercontinental ballistic missile.
• DF-61 & DF-5C ICBMs – Land-based intercontinental ballistic missiles.
• GJ-11 Stealth Combat Drone and AJX002 Submarine Drone.
• LY-1 Laser Weapon mounted on armored vehicles.
• Other AI-powered and unmanned systems, including “robotic wolves.”

SPORTS

Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya Launches Mascot ‘Jalveer’and Logo for Asian Aquatics Championship 2025On 5 September 2025, Union Minister Mansukh Mandaviya, Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (MYAS), unveiled the mascot “Jalveer” and official logo for the 11th Asian Aquatics Championship, in New Delhi, Delhi.

• Monal Chokshi, Secretary-General of Swimming Federation of India (SFI); and Virendra Nanavati,  Senior Vice President of SFI were present at the event.

About Mascot & Logo:
Mascot: ‘Jalveer’ is an energetic aquatic superhero designed to embody the spirit of water and energy.

• The name ‘Jalveer’ combines ‘Jal’ (water) and ‘Veer’ (brave), symbolizing courage and vitality in aquatic sports.

Logo: The logo for the 11th Asian Aquatics Championship seamlessly integrates the Asiatic Lion, native to Gujarat, with dynamic representations of swimming, diving, water polo, and artistic swimming.
Event Details:
Venue: The championship will be hosted for the first time in India at the newly built Veer Savarkar Sports Complex, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, from 28 September to 11 October 2025.
Participants: Over 1000 athletes from more than 30 countries will compete in swimming, diving, water polo, artistic swimming, and open water swimming.
Support: The event is supported by the MYAS and the Sports Authority of Gujarat (SAG)
Importance: The championship provides Indian athletes an opportunity to showcase their talent against Asia’s best and acts as a qualifying event for the 2026 Asian Games.
Strategic Vision: Hosting the championship aligns with Gujarat’s long-term sports strategy, including its bid for the 2030 Commonwealth Games(CWG) and the 2036 Olympic Games.
About Swimming Federation of India (SFI):
It is the governing body for aquatic sports in India, recognized by Asia Aquatics and affiliated with the World Aquatics (WA).
President- R N Jayaprakash
Headquarters- Ahmedabad, Gujarat
Established – 1948

BOOKS & AUTHORS

COAS General Upendra Dwivedi Launches Book ‘Operation Sindoor’ by Retd. Lt. Gen. K.J.S. Dhillon
In September 2025, General Upendra Dwivedi, Chief of the Army Staff (COAS) of the Indian Army (IA), launched a book titled ‘Operation Sindoor: The Untold Stories of India’s Deep Strikes Inside Pakistan’, authored by Lieutenant General Kanwal Jeet Singh (K.J.S) Dhillon (Retired), at the Manekshaw Centre in New Delhi, Delhi.

About the Book :
Publisher: The book has been published by Penguin Random House India.
Content: The book details India’s military response, Operation Sindoor, to the April 2025 Pahalgam terror attack, offering insights into planning, execution, challenges, emotions, and strategic lessons, including aspects usually undisclosed due to uniform restrictions.
Significance: It highlights political clarity, strategic guidance, force application, narrative management, and international relations, while serving as a tribute to the IA’s courage, professionalism, and whole-of-nation approach.

IMPORTANT DAYS

World Duchenne Awareness Day 2025 – September 7The United Nations(UN’s) World Duchenne Awareness Day (WDAD), also known as World Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy Day, was observed globally every year on 7 September to raise awareness about Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy (DMD/BMD), rare genetic disorders that progressively weaken muscles.

• 7 September 2025 marked the second annual observance of WDAD.

Theme:
2025 Theme: “Family: The Heart of Care”
Focus: The 2025 theme emphasized the pivotal role of families in the care and support of individuals affected by DMD/BMD.

Background:
Inception: In 2014, two active members of the World Duchenne Organization (WDO), Elizabeth Vroom (President) and Nicoletta Madia (Community Coordinator), initiated the observance of WDAD on 7 September.
UN Recognition: On 29 November 2023, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted Resolution A/RES/78/12, officially designating 7 September of every year as WDAD, with the formal observance beginning in 2024.

• The first UN-recognized WDAD was observed on 7 September 2024.

Global Commemoration :In observance of WDAD, people across the globe release thousands of red balloons into the sky as a symbol of support and awareness.
About Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy(DMD):
Rare Progressive Disorder: Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is a rare and progressive genetic condition. People with DMD lack dystrophin, a protein essential for protecting muscles.
Genetic Cause: The condition arises from a fault in the gene responsible for producing dystrophin.

• DMD is caused by a mutation on the X-chromosome, which is why it primarily affects males.

Progression :Muscles weaken gradually over time, eventually affecting the entire body.
Origin of Name: The disorder is named after Dr. Duchenne de Boulogne, who first documented the disease in detail in the 1860s.
Key facts:
Age of Diagnosis: In most countries, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) is diagnosed after 4 years of age, with an average diagnostic delay of around 2.5 years.
Prevalence: Globally, 1 in 5,000 newborn boys is affected by DMD.
Life Expectancy: With current standards of care, individuals with Duchenne can live into their early 30s.
About World Duchenne Organization (WDO)
The WDO, formerly known as United Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy (UPPMD), is a federation of organizations representing patients and their families worldwide.
Chair –Elizabeth Vroom
Headquarters – Netherlands
Established – 2009

STATE NEWS

Government of Odisha Partners with TCS to Design and Implement IFMS 3.0
In September 2025, Government of Odisha partnered with Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) to design and implement third generation of Integrated Financial Management System (IFMS 3.0).

• This system will automate Odisha’s public finance workflows, enhance precision and transparency, and empower officials with AI-assisted insights for confident, data-driven decision-making.

About IFMS 3.0:
Integration: It is engineered on cloud-native, microservices-based architecture. It will integrate the TCS Artificial Intelligence (AI) Workbench (AIWB), an open-source platform to support AI and Machine Learning (ML) projects, including model development, monitoring, and retraining.
Features: It offers unified management of finances, User-friendly Interface, Real-time data integration, Advanced reporting and analytics tools, robust security protocols, mobile accessibility, and multilingual chatbot.
Background: TCS, founded in 1968, has collaborated with Odisha since 2005 in several digital initiatives such as Odisha Treasury Management System (OTMS), IFMS 1.0, IFMS 2.0.

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