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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
PM Narendra Modi Inaugurated Bharat Mobility Global Expo 2025 from January 17 to January 22, 2025
In January 2025, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi inaugurated Bharat Mobility Global Expo 2025, India’s largest mobility expo in India at the Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Delhi. It has also become the world’s 2nd largest automotive expo.
- The expo was held from January 17 to January 22, 2025 across 3 different venues: Bharat Mandapam; Yashobhoomi India International Convention and Expo Centre (IIC), Dwarka in New Delhi (Delhi) and India Expo Centre & Mart, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh (UP).
- Theme: “Beyond Boundaries: Co-creating Future Automotive Value Chain”.
- During the event, more than 239 launches from all concurrent events. And also, 90 vehicles were launched at the Auto Expo Motor Show 2025.
i.Pune (Maharashtra)-based Vayve Mobility Private Limited (VMPL) launched India’s 1st solar-powered Electric Vehicle (EV) named “Vavye EVA”.
ii.Pune-based EKA Mobility, a leading electric vehicle manufacturing company in India, launched “EKA COACH”, India’s 1st fully stainless-steel luxury electric bus for long-distance travel.
About Engineering Export Promotion Council India (EEPC India):
It is a trade and investment promotion organisation for the engineering sector in India. It is sponsored by the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I).
Chairman- Arun Kumar Garodia
Established- 1955
>> Read Full News
CZA Approved Proposal to Set up India’s White Tiger Breeding Centre in MP
In January 2025, New Delhi(Delhi) based the Central Zoo Authority (CZA), Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change(MoEFCC), has approved the proposal to set up India’s 1st white tiger breeding centre in Govindgarh area of Rewa district in Madhya Pradesh (MP).
- The approval follows the recommendations made by the expert committee of CZA during its 114th meeting held in December, 2024 and subsequently by the technical committee during its 112th meeting held in December, 2024.
- This new white tiger breeding facility will be developed as part of the revised Master (Layout) Plan of Maharaja Martand Singh Judeo White Tiger Safari and Zoo, Mukundpur, Satna (MP).
About Central Zoo Authority (CZA):
Chairman- Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, MoEFCC
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Established- 1992
>> Read Full News
Maharashtra to Set up India’s 1st AI University
Maharashtra is set to establish India’s first Artificial Intelligence (AI) University, to become a Center of Excellence(CoE) for AI education and innovation. The university will focus on AI research, innovation, and skill development.
- Maharashtra government has formed a task force chaired by Parrag Jaiin Nainutia, the Principal Secretary (Information Technology, IT), Government of Maharashtra, has been formed for planning and implementation.
Objectives of the AI University:
i.The establishment of the AI University promotes research and development in AI and related fields.
ii.It aims to make Maharashtra a leading hub for technology and AI-driven innovation.
iii.It also drives technological innovation and formulates policies in AI and emerging technologies.
Task Force Members:
i.The task force is designed to be a collaborative effort bringing together expertise from academia, industry, and government to create an institution focused on AI education, research, and innovation.
ii.The task force members include:
- Directors of the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai, Maharashtra, and the Indian Institutes of Management-Mumbai(IIM-M), Mumbai.
- Representatives from Google India Private Limited (GIPL), Mahindra Group, and Larsen & Toubro Limited Limited(L&T) .
- Officials from the Ministry of Electronics and IT (MeitY) .
- Experts from the Rajiv Gandhi Science and Technology Commission (RGSTC) of the Government of Maharashtra, and the Data Security Council of India (DSCI).
About Maharashtra:
Chief Minister (CM)- Devendra Fadnavis
Governor– Chandrapuram Ponnusamy(C.P) Radhakrishnan
Capital– Mumbai
Airports– Gandhinagar Airport
Bird Sanctuaries– Karnala Bird Sanctuary, and Great Indian Bustard Sanctuary
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Forbes Top 10 Most Powerful Countries in The World 2025: USA Topped; India secures 12th spot
According to the list of Top 10 powerful countries in the world 2025 released by an american business magazine Forbes, the United States of America (USA) secured the top spot as the most powerful country in the world with a Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of USD 30.34 trillion.
- The USA was followed by China in the 2nd spot with a GDP of USD 19.53 trillion and Russia in the 3rd position with a GDP of USD 2.2 trillion respectively.
- India secured the 12th position with a GDP of USD 4.27 trillion in the list as of February 2025.
Note: In terms of global GDP, India is positioned at the 5th spot behind the USA, China, Germany, and Japan.
About Forbes:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)– Sherry Phillips
Headquarters – New Jersey, the United States of America (USA)
Founded – 1917
>> Read Full News
India Tops Global List in Passenger Loads on Domestic Flights: IATA Report
In January 2025, Montreal (Canada)-based International Air Transport Association (IATA) released its ‘full-year and December 2024 international passenger market performance data’, showing record-high demand for air travel. As per IATA’s domestic full-year traffic report, India’s domestic flights have recorded a Passenger Load Factor (PLF) of 86.4% in 2024 (down by 0.6% point compared to 2023), the highest among all domestic markets.
- Also, India has surpassed the United States of America (USA) (84.1%) and China (83.2%), are ranked at 2nd and 3rd position respectively.
- As per Directorate General of Civil Aviation (DGCA)’s data, the aviation sector in India witnessed 163 million passengers boarding domestic flights in 2024.
i.The report revealed that domestic-full year demand reached record highs in terms of passenger numbers and load factors.
- Domestic full-year traffic for 2024 increased 5.7% compared to previous year while capacity increased by 2.5%.
ii.The report showed that the total full-year in 2024 measured in RPKs has increased by 10.4% compared to 2023.
iii.As per the report, international full-year traffic increased 13.6% in 2024 compared to 2023, and the capacity increased by 12.8%.
About International Air Transport Association (IATA):
Director General (DG) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Willie Matthew Walsh
Headquarters- Montreal, Canada
Established- 1945
>> Read Full News
Mali, Burkina Faso & Niger Officially Withdraw from ECOWAS
In January 2025, Abuja(Nigeria) based Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) officially acknowledged the exit of three West African Countries – Republic of Mali, Burkina Faso, and Republic of Niger from the regional economic bloc.
- The split occurred after the three departing countries rejected ECOWAS’s demands to restore civilian rule. Their leaders have criticized ECOWAS, saying it is too influenced by France, their former colonial ruler.
- ECOWAS has advised its remaining 12 members to keep recognizing the passports of these three countries and continue trade with them until further instructions are given.
Points to Note:
i.The relationship between the three countries and ECOWAS worsened after a coup in July 2023 that removed Niger’s President Mohamed Bazoum.
- ECOWAS has firmly opposed the military takeovers and imposed sanctions on these nations.
ii In reaction, Niger, Mali, and Burkina Faso decided to leave ECOWAS in January 2024.
- They accused the bloc of not protecting its member countries and being too close to foreign nations
iii.The three countries formed the Alliance of Sahel States in September 2024 to strengthen security cooperation. They are currently under military rule after experiencing coups in recent years.
- The Sahel states are nations located in Africa’s Sahel region.
About Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS):
The ECOWAS is a political and economic alliance of West African nations, established on 28 May 1975 through the Treaty of Lagos to enhance regional economic integration.
- As of February 2025, ECOWAS has 12 member states which includes Benin, Cabo Verde, Côte d’Ivoire, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone, and Togo.
President -Omar Touray
Headquarters– Abuja, Nigeria
BANKING & FINANCE
Gujarat CM Launched Sensex F&O Contracts on India INX at GIFT City
In February 2025, Bhupendra Patel, Chief Minister (CM) of Gujarat launched Sensex Future & Options (F&O) contracts on the India International Exchange (India INX), India’s first international stock exchange platform and subsidiary of Bombay Stock Exchange Limited (BSE) at Gujarat International Finance Tech-City- International Financial Services Centre (GIFT-IFSC) in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
- This new offering will allow the international investors to trade and settle BSE derivatives in United States Dollar (USD), facilitating greater participation from global traders and investors.
- This will also enable the global investors to trade India’s benchmark equity index without currency conversion risks.
Key Points:
i.The contracts will trade for 22 hours per day, which is in alignment with global markets and expanding access to Indian equities through tax friendly regime of GIFT City.
ii.Foreign investors also include Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and they can also participate in this new product offering without requirement of an Indian tax identification number i.e. Permanent Account Number (PAN).
Note: F&O derivatives are the financial derivatives that permit traders to speculate on asset price movements without owning the asset itself. It includes underlying assets such as stocks, bonds, commodities, among others.
About India International Exchange (India INX):
It is India’s 1st international exchange established at GIFT City in 2017. It offers global investors with a wide range of investment opportunities in a regulated, tax-efficient, and technologically advanced environment.
Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Vijay Krishnamurthy
Headquarters- Gandhinagar, Gujarat
RBI Imposed Penalties on ESFBL and IPPB for Regulatory Non-Compliance
In February 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) imposed penalties on Chennai (Tamil Nadu, TN) based Equitas Small Finance Bank Limited (ESFBL) and New Delhi (Delhi) based India Post Payments Bank Limited (IPPB) for failing to comply with regulatory guidelines.
i.ESFBL was fined Rs 65 lakh for non-compliance with directions on ‘Levy of Foreclosure Charges/Pre-payment Penalty on Floating Rate Term Loans’ and ‘Credit Flow to Agriculture – Collateral-free agricultural loans.’
ii.IPPB was penalized with Rs 26.70 lakh for deficiencies in adhering to the ‘Customer Service in Banks’ .
iii.Further, a penalty of Rs 3.10 lakh has also been imposed on Chennai based Aptus Finance India Private Limited for contravention of certain provisions of norms related to Non-banking Financial Companies (NBFCs).
SEBI Proposes New Combo Product: MFs with TLI
In January 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra) based Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), the capital market regulator, is planning to introduce a new financial product that combines Mutual Funds (MFs) investments with Term Life Insurance (TLI).
- The announcement was made by SEBI Chairperson, Madhabi Puri Buch aiming to enhance Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) in rural areas.
i.The product would enable customers to combine life insurance with MFs investments, offering a more affordable and appealing solution that promotes financial inclusion in underserved regions.
ii.Additionally, SEBI is working on the “Pay Right” initiative, which will help investors verify the authenticity of Unified Payments Interface (UPI) payments through Know Your Customer (KYC) checks, reducing the risk of digital fraud.
ECONOMY & BUSINESS
CRISIL: India’s GDP to grow at 6.5% in FY26; CAD widen to 1.3%
According to the CRISIL Ratings Limited (formerly Credit Rating and Information Services of India Limited) latest report, India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is projected to grow by 6.5% in the Financial Year 2025-26 (FY26), marginally higher than the 6.4% growth estimated for current financial year (FY25).
- On the external front, India’s Current Account Deficit (CAD) is expected to widen from 1.0% of GDP (in FY25) to 1.3% (in FY26) due to export headwinds from trade policies of the United States of America(USA).
Key Findings:
i.The report highlighted that the government spending will continue to support economic growth of the country, the overall fiscal consolidation stimulus will decrease as fiscal consolidation progresses.
- The report outlined private sector investments as a key factor in influencing growth but, it need to pick up momentum.
ii.The report has projected that Consumer Price Index (CPI) will ease further from 4.7% (in FY25) to 4.4% (in FY26). This decrease will mainly be driven by expectations of a normal monsoon, a high base effect in food inflation, and softer international commodity prices.
- However, non-food inflation might witness a marginal increase to an adverse base effect.
iii.As per the report, India’s fiscal deficit, which stood at 5.6% of GDP in FY24, is projected to decrease to 4.8% (in FY25) and further to 4.4% (in FY26).
- This decline will be possible by regulated revenue spending while maintaining a strong focus on capital expenditure.
- However, a strong services trade balance, steady remittances, and lower crude oil prices will help in preventing sharp increase in the deficit.
iv.The Indian Rupee (INR) is projected to depreciate gradually, averaging Rs 86 per USD in FY25 and Rs 87 per in USD in FY26.
- While the CAD remains stable, international geopolitical uncertainties could lead to fluctuations in the currency markets.
Note: CAD is also known as trade deficit, which occurs when the total import value of goods/services of a country exceeds the total export value of that country. It is calculated as a percentage of GDP.
About CRISIL Ratings Limited:
Managing Director (MD)– Subodh Rai
Headquarters- Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established- 1987
T-Hub & ITFA Sign MoU to Boost India-Turkiye Trade & Cultural Ties
In January 2025, Hyderabad (Telangana) based startup incubator Technology Hub (T-Hub) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indo-Turkiye Friendship Association (ITFA) during ITFA’s inaugural event at the Hyderabad Turkish Consulate General in Jubilee Hills in Hyderabad, Telangana.
- The MoU aims to strengthen collaboration between the innovation ecosystems of both countries, as they emerge as global leaders in economy and technology.
- T-Hub and ITFA will partner on various initiatives, including the Türkiye Tourism Roadshow scheduled for February 26, 2025, in Hyderabad.
Key People: The ceremony was attended by Orhan Yalman Okan, Consul General of Türkiye, and M.A. Faiz Khan, Chairman of ITFA.
Key Highlights:
i.The MoU facilitates cross-border mentorship, market access, and collaboration in sectors like Information Technology (IT), software, pharmaceuticals, defense, aerospace, cybersecurity, green and renewable energy, and critical minerals.
- It also emphasizes health, food security, logistics, and supply chain management, fostering collaboration in agriculture, textiles, and machinery.
ii.It fosters joint academic and accelerator programs, focusing on technology-driven initiatives in Artificial intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), and critical minerals.
iii.With this ITFA will facilitate Indian startups’ access to Turkish markets and connections with suitable partners, while T-Hub will assist Turkish startups in navigating the Indian ecosystem.
Note: In 2024, bilateral trade between India and Republic of Turkiye reached USD 13 billion, with both governments setting a mid-term target of USD 20 billion.
About Technology Hub (T-Hub):
T-Hub is the world’s largest innovation hub and a leading startup ecosystem enabler.
Interim Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Sujit Jagridar
Headquarters – Hyderabad, Telangana
Established – 2015
AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS
South Africa’s Tshego Gaelae Wins 40th Mrs World Title 
On 31 January 2025, Tshego Gaelae from South Africa (SA), a 33-year-old model, made history by becoming the first Black South African woman to win the 40th edition of the Mrs.World title in 2025.
- The grand finale took place in Las Vegas, United States of America (USA), where Gaelae was crowned by Viktoria Horshkova, the winner of Mrs.World 2024.
- Sri Lanka’s (SL) Ishadi Amanda was named first runner-up, while Thailand’s Ploy Panperm took the second runner-up.
Note: Mrs.World Competition, established in 1984, is known as the first beauty pageant exclusively for married women.
About Tshego Gaelae:
Born in Soweto,SA, Gaelae is not only a model but also a lawyer and a labor relations manager.
i.She is deeply committed to supporting women and children affected by domestic violence through her organization, We Are Our Children’s Keepers.
ii.Gaelae is only the second South African to win the title, following Candice Abrahams, who claimed victory in 2016
iii.She also holds the title of Mrs South Africa 2024.
About South Africa (SA):
President– Cyril Ramaphosa
Capital– Pretoria (administrative capital), Cape Town (legislative capital), and Bloemfontein (judicial capital)
Currency– South African Rand(ZAR)
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
Flemish Nationalist Bart Albert Liliane De Wever sworn-in as New PM of Belgium
On February 3 2025, Bart Albert Liliane De Wever, the first Flemish Nationalist was sworn-in as the new Prime Minister (PM) of Belgium. His victory came after 7-months of negotiations, leading to the formation of a new coalition that currently holds an 81-seat majority in the 150-seat Belgian Parliament.
- Prior to the appointment, he served as the Mayor of Antwerp, Belgium.
- He succeeds Alexander De Croo, who has remained in office as a caretaker since June 2024.
About Bart Albert Liliane De Wever:
i.Bart Albert Liliane De Wever’s political career began in the Volksunie (VU, People’s Union) party, following a split in the party, he founded the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) in 2004.
- He served two times as the Member of the Flemish Parliament from (2004 to 2007) and from (2019 to 2024).
- He was also Member of the Senate of Belgium from 2010 to 2013.
ii.He served as the Member of the Chamber of Representatives of Belgium in 2 separate terms: from 2007 to 2010 and from 2014 to 2019.
iii.From 2013 to January 2025, he served as the Mayor of Antwerp, Belgium, a position in which he became one of the most influential politicians in Flanders.
iv.He led the New Flemish Alliance (N-VA) from 2004 to 2025, advocating for a confederal state and Flemish independence.
v.Under his leadership, the N-VA won significant victories in the 2010, 2014, 2019, and 2024 federal elections, becoming the largest party in Belgium.
About Belgium:
Prime Minister (PM)– Bart Albert Liliane De Wever
Capital- Brussels
Currency- Belgian Euro (EUR)
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
MoR Launches ‘SwaRail’ SuperApp for Beta Testing
In January 2025, the Ministry of Railways (MoR) introduced the ‘SwaRail’ SuperApp (application), which serves as a one-stop solution for Indian Railways (IRs) services.
- It was developed by the New Delhi (Delhi) based Centre for Railway Information Systems (CRIS) to improve digital infrastructure and provide convenient access to a wide range of railway-related services.
- The app is currently in its beta testing phase and is available for download on both Google Play Store and Apple App Store.
i.The SuperApp offers Single Sign-On, allowing users to access all services with one set of credentials. Moreover, the same credentials will be used to access existing Indian Railways apps.
ii.It integrates ticket booking, Passenger Name Record (PNR) status, food ordering, more for a simplified experience and can be accessed using Mobile Personal Identification Number (MPIN) or biometric authentication.
iii.It aims to offer a seamless and user-friendly experience, integrating multiple railway services into one platform, reducing the need for several individual apps.
ENVIRONMENT
Researchers Discover 2 New Green Cardamom Species in Western Ghats
In February 2025, an international team of researchers discovered two new species, ‘Elettaria facifera’ and ‘Elettaria tulipifera’, closely related to the “Queen of Spices,” green cardamom (Elettaria cardamomum), in the Western Ghats of Kerala. This discovery contributes to both spice production and conservation efforts.
- The findings have been published in the paper “The Cardamom Conundrum Resolved: Recircumscription and Placement of Elettaria in the Only Pantropically Distributed Ginger Lineage,” featured in the journal Taxon.
- The international research team, comprising experts from India, Denmark, Colombia, the Czech Republic, Singapore, Sri Lanka, and the United Kingdom (UK), includes Mamiyil Sabu, a Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)-Emeritus Scientist (ES) at Kerala State Council for Science, Technology and Environment (KSCSTE)-Malabar Botanical Garden and Institute for Plant Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala.
Note: The researchers have discovered six species closely related to Elettaria cardamomum, four of which were previously classified under the genus ‘Alpinia’ but have now been reclassified under Elettaria.
About New Species:
The genus name ‘Elettaria’ originates from the old Malayalam name “Elletari,” as recorded by Hendrik van Rheede in his 17th-century botanical treatise Hortus Malabaricus.
i.Elettaria facifera is characterized by sessile leaves, erect flowering shoots that are separate from the leafy shoots, and a pure white labellum adorned with purple-red markings.
- It is found in the Periyar Tiger Reserve, located in the Idukki district of Kerala.
ii.Elettaria tulipifera is distinguished by its striking tulip-shaped inflorescence and large, bright to dark red, whorled bracts.
- It is found in the Agasthyamalai Hills in Thiruvananthapuram district and Munnar in Idukki district of Kerala.
iii.With the recent reclassification, the Elettaria genus now comprises seven species, including Elettaria cardamomum, E. ensal, E. floribunda, E. involucrata, and E. rufescens.
iv.The seed capsules of Elettaria cardamomum are the source of commercially available green cardamom.
About Cardamom production:
- Guatemala is the world’s largest producer of cardamom, followed by India and Tanzania.
- In India, cardamom is primarily cultivated in Kerala followed by Karnataka and Tamil Nadu(TN).
About Kerala:
Chief Minister (CM) – Pinarayi Vijayan
Governor – Rajendra Vishwanath Arlekar
National Parks – Silent Valley National Park, Pampadum Shola National Park, Mathikettan Shola National Park
OBITUARY
Navin Chawla, Former CEC Passed Away
On February 1, 2025, former Chief Election Commissioner of India (CEC) Navin Chawla passed away at the age of 79 in New Delhi (Delhi). He was born on 30 July 1945 in New Delhi.
i.Navin Chawla was a retired 1969-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer of the Arunachal Pradesh (AR)-Goa-Mizoram and Union Territory (AGMUT) cadre.
ii.He served as the Election Commissioner (EC) from May 16, 2005, to April 20, 2009, and then as CEC from April 2009 to July 2010.
iii.During his tenure,he oversaw the 2009 Lok Sabha elections and implemented reforms, such as allowing 3rd-gender voters to choose a new voting category.
iv.In 2005 he received ‘Mazzini Award’ (Government of Italy) for his efforts to forge a new relationship with Italy and strengthen the existing bonds between India and Italy.
v.In 2014 he received ‘Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan, Mumbai Award’ for his exemplary work in the conduct of elections during electoral processes in India.
Note: In 1992, he authored the ‘Authorized Biography of Mother Teresa’, which was later translated into 14 languages both in India and internationally.
IMPORTANT DAYS
World Cancer Day 2025 – February 4 
World Cancer Day (WCD) is observed annually on February 4 across the globe to raise awareness of fundamental cancer issues and promote efforts in prevention, detection, and treatment.
- The campaign theme of WCD 2025-2027 is “United by Unique,” emphasizes the importance of personalized, patient-centered care in the battle against cancer.
Background:
i.On February 4 1999, the ‘Charter of Paris’ consisting of 10 articles, was adopted at the World Summit Against Cancer for the New Millennium in Paris, France.
ii.Under Article X, WCD was officially proclaimed to be observed annually on February 4.
- The first-ever WCD was observed on February 4 2000.
- February 4 2025 marks 25 years of signing the Charter of Paris Against Cancer.
About Union for International Cancer Control (UICC):
UICC has over 1,150 member organisations in 172 countries and territories.
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)– Dr Cary Adams
Headquarters– Geneva, Switzerland
Established– 1933
>> Read Full News
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