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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
4 New Wetlands, 2 from Tamil Nadu, 1 from Jharkhand, and 1 from Sikkim Added to Ramsar List
On 31 January, 2025, Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) announced the inclusion of four new wetlands from India in Ramsar Convention list, bringing the total number of internationally recognized Ramsar sites in India to 89.
- The newly added sites are the Sakkarakottai Bird Sanctuary and Therthangal Bird Sanctuary in Tamil Nadu (TN), Khecheopalri Wetland in Sikkim, and Udhwa Lake in Jharkhand. This also marks the first Ramsar sites for both Sikkim and Jharkhand.
- Tamil Nadu now has 20 Ramsar sites, the highest number in India, followed by Uttar Pradesh (UP) with 10.
Note: Globally, there are 2,529 Ramsar wetlands. Wetlands are unique ecosystems that play a crucial role in supporting diverse species of plants and wildlife, both aquatic and terrestrial.
About Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC):
Union Minister– Bhupender Yadav ( Constituency- Alwar, Rajasthan)
Minister of State (MoS)– Kirti Vardhan Singh (Constituency- Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, UP)
>> Read Full News
IIT Indore in Collaboration with MeitY Launched ‘AgriHub’ as a CoE for Agritech
In January 2025, Indian Institute of Technology Indore (IIT-I), Indore, Madhya Pradesh (MP) in collaboration with Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) launched ‘AgriHub’, an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven Centre of Excellence (CoE) to foster technological innovation, startup incubation, and industry collaboration in agritech sector.
- The CoE will utilize AI, Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) which will help in addressing the critical agricultural challenges such as: drought, floods, and low productivity and will also promote sustainable agriculture in India.
i.The inauguration event of AgriHub was graced by S. Krishnan, Secretary, MeitY, as the Chief Guest.
ii.The project is jointly funded by the MeitY and the government of MP for a period of 5 years. It is supported by the MP government, ICAR-IISR Indore(MP), ICAR-CIAE Bhopal(MP), and C-DAC Pune(Maharashtra).
About Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) :
Union Minister- Ashwini Vaishnaw (Rajya Sabha member- Odisha)
Minister of State (MoS)- Jitin Prasada(Constituency- Pilibhit, Uttar Pradesh, UP)
>> Read Full News
Indian Armed Forces conducts TROPEX 25 to test its combat readiness
In January 2025, the senior military officers observed the Theatre Level Operational Readiness Exercise (TROPEX-2025), joint operations aboard several Indian Navy Ship (INS) to witness the operations and readiness of Indian armed forces : Indian Navy (IN), the Indian Army (IA), and the Indian Air Force(IAF), in the Indian Ocean Region(IOR). The exercise was held for 2 days from January 30-31, 2025.
- The senior military officers participated in the exercise are Lieutenant General Johnson P Mathew,Chief of Integrated Defence Staff (CISC); Lt Gen NS Raja Subramani, Vice Chief of the Army Staff (VCOAS); Vice Admiral Krishna Swaminathan, Vice Chief of the Naval Staff(VCNS); Air Marshal Sujeet Pushpakar(S.P) Dharkar, Vice Chief of the Air Staff (VCAS) and Lt Gen Ajay Kumar, Director General(DG) of Infantry.
About TROPEX:
i.TROPEX is the Indian Navy’s(IN) largest exercise, held every two years, to improve coordination among the armed forces and to test readiness in case of threats in the Indian Ocean Region(IOR).
ii.The previous exercise, TROPEX 23 involved extensive operational activities, including coastal defence operations (Sea Vigil) and amphibious maneuvers (AMPHEX).
About TROPEX 25:
i.Senior officers onboard the India’s first indigenous aircraft carrier INS Vikrant saw fighter jets and helicopters in action, with demonstrations that included bomb drops, rocket firing, and aerobatics.
ii.On INS Jalashwa, the officers watched the Army soldiers and Navy Commandos carry out a series of amphibious landing drills. These included breaking through bunkers, jumping from planes in combat, and landing troops and vehicles on the shore using specialized boats.
ii.Air Marshal SP Dharkar participated in a MiG-29K trainer, showcasing the joint capabilities of the IN, the IA, and the IAF.
iii.Additionally, the officers visited the Naval Base at Karwar(Karnataka), where they were informed about the ongoing construction of new facilities to support future naval operations.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
Elon Musk’s X Corp to Launch 1st Digital Wallet with Visa Partnership
In January 2025, Elon Musk owned social media platform, X Corp (formerly known as Twitter, Inc. ), a wholly owned subsidiary of X Holdings Corp, unveiled its 1st Digital Wallet , peer-to-peer (P2P) payment service ‘X Money’ in partnership with Visitors International Stay Admission (VISA), to launch a real-time payment system aiming to create an “everything application (app).”
- VISA, one of the largest United States of America (USA) credit card networks, will be the 1st partner for X’s Money Account service, set to launch later in 2025.
i.The company will utilize Visa Direct, Visa’s real-time money transfer solution, to fund X Money’s wallet, link to a debit card for payments to other users, and facilitate smooth transfers back to your bank account.
ii.X Money will enable users to transfer funds instantly to their bank accounts through Visa Direct.
BANKING & FINANCE
Finvasia Partners with YES Bank Launched AI-Driven Super App ‘Jumpp’
In January 2025, Chandigarh (Punjab) based Finvasia, a fintech company partnered with Mumbai (Maharashtra) based YES Bank Limited to launch ‘Jumpp’, an Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled super application (app) to simplify personal finance.
- The app integrates banking, savings, payments, investments, and borrowing into a seamless, all-in-one platform.
- It enables users to seamlessly open savings accounts with YES Bank in just minutes.
i.Jumpp is designed for online shoppers in Tier 2 and Tier 3 cities, offering a seamless and convenient financial experience.
ii.It connects with India’s Account Aggregator (AA) framework, which has surpassed 100 million consents, ensuring secure and efficient financial data sharing.
iii.It offers multilingual AI-driven assistance in English and Hindi, enabling voice-based interactions to support users with limited digital literacy.
iv.It is powered by an AI chatbot that delivers personalized financial advice, while also incorporating advanced features for fraud prevention.
v.It prioritizes data security, fully adhering to regulatory guidelines to safeguard user information and ensure privacy.
vi.Finvasia plans to onboard one million users by January 2026, focusing on expanding digital financial services to areas beyond metro cities, thereby reaching a broader audience.
RBI Injects USD 5.1 billion Liquidity via FX Swap Auction
In January, 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra) based Reserve Bank of India (RBI), conducted a dollar-rupee buy/sell foreign exchange swap (FX swap) auction for USD 5.1 billion. The auction saw a significant oversubscription, with total bids amounted to USD 25.59 billion from 253 participants, exceeding the offered amount by five times.
- This move will infuse rupee liquidity into the banking system and is part of a broader strategy by the central bank to inject approximately Rs.1.5 trillion into the financial system.
i.The transaction will be reversed on August 4, 2025, when the RBI will sell the USD 5.1 billion, obtained through 28 accepted bids, back to the market at the forward rate (currency exchange spot rate plus 96.71 paise) and take back Rs. 43,784 crores approximately
ii.In response to the auction’s results, dollar-rupee forward premiums saw a slight dip, with the 1-year implied yield moderating its increase to settle at the last quote of 2.24%.
Note: In an FX swap, the RBI acquires dollars from financial institutions in exchange for rupees, simultaneously boosting rupee liquidity and reducing excess dollar circulation
ECONOMY & BUSINESS
Avaada Group Partners with Casale to Develop India’s Largest Green Ammonia Plant in Odisha
In January 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra)- based Avaada Group partnered with Casale, a company fully owned by Casale Holding and headquartered in Lugano, Switzerland, to develop India’s largest green ammonia plant in Gopalpur, Odisha.
- This project will help India transition away from fossil fuel-based ammonia production, aligning with the country’s net-zero emission commitments.
i.The facility will have a production capacity of 1,500 tonnes per day (TPD) and aims to drive clean energy adoption, reduce carbon emissions, and support sustainable industrial growth.
ii.Casale will provide the Green Ammonia Process License, engineering designs, key equipment, and technical expertise to establish the facility.
iii.Casale had licensed a total green ammonia capacity of 5,700 metric tonnes per day (MTD) in India till now.
AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS
Noel Naval Tata Honored with Doctorate by University of Sussex
In January 2025, England (The United Kingdom, UK) based the University of Sussex awarded an honorary doctorate to Noel Naval Tata, a prominent business leader from the Mumbai (Maharashtra)-based Tata Group and a distinguished alumnus of the university, for his exceptional contribution to global business leadership.
- Professor Sasha Roseneil, Vice-Chancellor and President of the University of Sussex, conferred the honorary doctorate upon Noel Tata during a private ceremony in Mumbai, Maharashtra.
- Noel Naval Tata currently serves as the Chairman of Trent Limited, Tata International Limited, Voltas Limited, and Tata Investment Corporation Limited. Additionally, he holds the position of Vice Chairman at Tata Steel Limited and Titan Company Limited.
About Noel Naval Tata:
i.Noel Tata earned a degree in Economics from the University of Sussex in 1978.
ii.With over 40 years of leadership experience at the Tata Group, Noel Tata has played a key role in Trent Limited, the group’s fashion retail arm, expanding its brands to include Westside, Star Bazaar, and Zudio.
iii.In 2024, Noel Tata, Ratan Tata’s half-brother, was appointed Chairman of the Tata Trusts Limited, the philanthropic arm of the Tata Group.
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
Hero MotoCorp Appoints Vikram Kasbekar as Acting CEO
In January 2025, New Delhi (Delhi) based Hero MotoCorp (HMC) Limited,India’s largest two-wheeler manufacturer appointed Vikram Kasbekar, Executive Director (ED) of the company, as the acting Chief Executive Officer (CEO), effective from May 1, 2025.
- He will succeed Niranjan Gupta, who will step down as CEO of Hero MotoCorp, effective from April 30, 2025.
Other appointments:
i.Ranjivjit Singh, Chief Business Officer (CBO) of Hero MotoCorp, will complete his tenure on April 30, 2025. He will be succeeded by Ashutosh Varma, the current National Sales Head of India Business Unit (IBU), who will take over on May 1, 2025.
ii.The maker of the ‘Splendor+’ has also confirmed that Ram Kuppuswamy, Chief Procurement Officer (CPO), will take on the additional role of Chief Operations Officer (COO) for manufacturing, effective April 1, 2025. He will also oversee plant and quality functions.
- Hero’s EV & Emerging Mobility Business Unit (EMBU) will transition into a fully independent unit by February 1, 2025.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
DRDO Successfully Conducted 3 Flight-trials of Indigenous VSHORADS from off the Coast of Odisha
On February 01 2025, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted three consecutive flight-trials of the Very Short-Range Air Defence System (VSHORADS) from Integrated Test Range (ITR), Chandipur off the coast of Odisha.
- These tests were conducted against high-speed targets flying at very low altitude.
i.During these tests, the surface-to-air missiles intercepted and completely destroyed the targets having reduced thermal signature simulating low flying drones at different flying conditions.
ii.These flight-tests were carried out in final deployment configuration where in two field operators carried out weapon readiness, target acquisition and missile firing.
About Defence Research and Development Organisation(DRDO):
It is the Research and Development (R&D) wing of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), Government of India (GoI).
Chairman- Dr. Samir Vankatpati Kamat
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Established-1958
>> Read Full News
IN Launches LSAM 23, the 9th ACTCM Barge to Boost Logistics Capabilities
In January 2025, the Indian Navy (IN) launched its 9th Ammunition Cum Torpedo Cum Missile (ACTCM) Barge, named Landing Ship Ammunition 23 (LSAM 23) (Yard 133), at M/s Suryadipta Projects Private Limited in Thane, Maharashtra. The launching ceremony was presided over by Commodore (Cmde) Rakesh Anand (Retd.), Group Head of Marine Division.
- The barges facilitate the transportation, embarkation, and disembarkation of articles and ammunition to IN platforms, both alongside jetties and at outer harbors.
i.The barges have been indigenously designed and constructed by the MSME Shipyard in collaboration with an Indian ship designing firm and the Indian Register of Shipping (IRS).
ii.Model testing was conducted at the Naval Science and Technological Laboratory (NSTL) in Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh(AP), to ensure the seaworthiness of the barges.
iii.In March 2021, the contract was signed with the M/s Suryadipta Projects Private Limited, a Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Shipyard, for the construction of 11 ACTCM Barges.
- The shipyard has successfully delivered eight of these barges to date, which are being used by the IN for operational evolutions.
JAXA Launches ‘Michibiki 6’ Navigation Satellite into Orbit
On February 2, 2025, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) based in Tokyo, Japan launched the ‘Michibiki 6’, a navigation satellite aboard its H3 rocket from the Tanegashima Space Center (TNSC) in Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan.
- This launch marks Japan’s first satellite launch of 2025 and the fourth consecutive successful launch for the H3, reinforcing its role as Japan’s new flagship launch vehicle.
About Michibiki 6:
i.The 1,900-kilogram(kg) Michibiki 6 satellite, also known as the Quasi-Zenith Satellite (QZS-6), is part of Japan’s Quasi-Zenith Satellite System (QZSS), a positioning satellite network designed to improve location accuracy for smartphones, navigation systems, and drones.
ii.The QZSS, is operational from 2018, operates in multiple orbits to ensure continuous satellite coverage over Japan.
- The newly launched satellite is the fifth in this system, with plans to expand it to seven satellites by March 2026 and eventually to 11 satellites by the late 2030s.
iii.This expansion is expected to enhance positioning accuracy from 5-10 meters (m) to within 1 m.
Key Points:
i.The H3 rocket, developed jointly by JAXA and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Limited based in Tokyo, Japan is positioned to replace the H-2A.
ii.H3 rocket, serves as a successor to the H2A series, and the Epsilon system, a smaller launch vehicle.
Note: In 2024, Japan carried out five rocket launches, including three H3s and two H-2As.
About Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) :
Administrator– Hiroshi Yamakawa
Headquarters– Tokyo, Japan
Established– 2003
Sunita Williams Sets New Record for Longest Spacewalk by a Female Astronaut During 92nd USA Spacewalk
In January, 2025, an Indian-origin astronaut from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Sunita “Suni” Williams set a new record for the longest total spacewalking time by a female astronaut, reaching 62 hours and 6 minutes. This milestone was achieved during the 92nd United States of America (USA) spacewalk.
i.The spacewalk was part of Expedition 72, which began on September 23, 2024.
ii.This marked her ninth spacewalk, breaking the previous record of 60 hours and 21 minutes held by former astronaut Peggy Whitson.
iii.During this spacewalk, Sunita Williams, along with her mission partner Butch Wilmore, performed maintenance on the International Space Station (ISS) and collected material samples from the Destiny laboratory and Quest airlock for scientific analysis.
- Both astronauts have been on the International Space Station (ISS) since June 2024.
SPORTS
India won ICC U19 Women’s T20 World Cup 2025 by defeating South Africa for 2nd consecutive time
On February 02 2025, India won the 2nd edition of the International Cricket Council (ICC) Under-19 (U19) Women’s T20 (Twenty 20) World Cup 2025 for the 2nd consecutive time by defeating South Africa with 9 wickets in the final at Bayuemas Oval, Kuala Lumpur (KL), Malaysia.
- India’s women cricket team was led by captain Niki Prasad and South Africa’s women cricket team was led by captain Kayla Reyneke.
Note:Following this win, the Board of Control for Cricket in India (BCCI) has announced prize money of Rs 5 crore for the India’s U-19 women’s team.
Highlights:
i.South Africa, batting first, had scored 82 runs in 20 overs.
ii.India completed the task by securing 84 runs in just 11.2 overs, winning with 52 balls to spare.
ii.Gongadi Trisha earned ‘Player of the Match 2025’ and ‘Player of the Series 2025’ awards for her outstanding performance and contributions in the match.
- She had an exceptional tournament, scoring 309 runs at an average of 77.25 and a strike rate of 147.14.
- She scored an unbeaten 44 runs from 33 balls and took 3 wickets for 15 runs, leading India to victory.
iii.Sanika Chalke provided solid support with an unbeaten 26 runs off 22 balls.
iv.Vaishnavi Sharma leads the bowling with 17 wickets, followed by Aayushi Shukla .
v.Vaishnavi Sharma, Aayushi Shukla, and Parunika Sisodia all contributed by claiming 2 wickets each, making it a complete team effort in both batting and bowling.
About ICC Under-19 Women’s T20 World Cup:
i.It is an international cricket competition, organised by the ICC since 2023.
ii.The tournament was played in the T20 format, featured 16 teams, participated in 41 matches.
iii.In the first edition of ICC Women’s T20 World Cup 2023, India defeated England by 7 wickets in the final in South Africa.
iv.The third edition of the Under-19 Women’s T20 World Cup, scheduled to be hosted by Bangladesh and Nepal in 2027.
About South Africa:
President- Matamela Cyril Ramaphosa
Capitals- Cape Town (Executive), Pretoria (Legislative), Bloemfontein (Judicial)
Currency- South African rand (ZAR)
R Praggnanandhaa won ‘Tata Steel Chess Masters 2025’, Defeats World Champion D Gukesh in Tiebreaker
On February 2, 2025, Indian Chess Grandmaster R Praggnanandhaa won the ‘Tata Steel Chess Masters 2025’ trophy by defeating World Chess Champion of 2024, D Gukesh in the tiebreaker held in Wijk aan Zee, Netherlands.
- With this victory, Praggnanandhaa became the 1st Indian Chess player since Viswanathan Anand in 2006 to win the Tata Steel Masters title.
- He previously reached a career-high World Ranking of 8 in July 2024 and was a runner-up at the Chess World Cup 2023, where he lost to Magnus Carlsen in the final.
About Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2025:
i.The Tata Steel Chess Tournament 2025 was the 87th edition of the “Wimbledon of Chess,” a classical tournament that has been previously won by World Chess Champions Euwe, Botvinnik, Tal, Petrosian, Spassky, Karpov, Kasparov, Kramnik, Anand, and Carlsen.
- The event was held from 17 January 2025 to 2 February 2025 in Wijk aan Zee, Netherlands.
ii.The tournament, the 1st elite chess event of the year, featured 5 out of 14 participants ranked in the top 10 globally.
iii.The event includes chess legends, showcasing a classical 14-player round-robin format in both the Masters and Challengers categories.
Highlights:
i.Praggnanandhaa R, ranked 14th in the world, performed admirably, securing six wins, five draws, and two losses during the tournament, including a defeat to Germany’s Vincent Keymer in the final round.
ii.Gukesh D, newly crowned World Chess Champion 2024, lost for the 1st time as World Champion, falling to Grandmaster Arjun Erigaisi in 31 moves.
- Tiebreaker: The tournament was decided by a blitz tiebreaker, with each player playing two fast-paced games, ending with a 1-1 score.
OBITUARY
Former Papua New Guinea’s PM Sir Julius Chan Passed Away
In January 2025, Sir Julius Chan, the former Prime Minister (PM) and the Last Founding Father of Papua New Guinea (PNG) passed away at the age of 85 in Huris, New Ireland Province, PNG. He was born on 29 August 1939, Tanga Islands, Territory of New Guinea(now New Ireland Province), PNG.
- He served as PM of PNG from 1980 to 1982 and from 1994 to 1997.
About Sir Julius Chan:
i.Sir Julius Chan, former PNG Defence Force (PNGDF) commander, was a prominent PNG longest serving politician who made significant contributions to the country’s political landscape over several decades.
ii.He was the last founding father of PNG’s independence in 1975 known as “Sir J,” and the “last man standing” from PNG’s 1st post-colonial government.
iii.His political career began in the 1960s, when he was elected to represent the Namatanai district, New Ireland Province, PNG in the pre-independence House of Assembly in 1968.
- He became the leader of the People’s Progress Party (PPP) in 1970.
iv.He served as Deputy Prime Minister (PM) on four occasions (1976, 1985, 1986, 1992–1994) and Minister of Finance three times (1972–1977, 1985–1986, and 1992–1994).
- He served as the 1st Finance Minister in 1972, establishing PNG’s banking and finance systems.
v.He was appointed as the PM on 11 March 1980, following a successful no-confidence motion against Michael Somare, the country’s 1st PM.
vi.He was a member of the New Ireland Province and was elected to the National Parliament in 2007.
vii.He served as the Governor of New Ireland Province in 2007 and remained active in his role until his death.
Awards and Honors:
i.Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE): In 1981, he was knighted for his service as Finance Minister and PM to the country.
ii.Grand Companion of the Order of Logohu (GCL): He was awarded this PNG’s highest national honor for his contribution to the country’s independence and development.
iv.Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG): He was awarded this high-ranking British honor for his outstanding service to the country on the global stage in diplomacy.
About Papua New Guinea(PNG):
Prime Minister (PM) – James Marape
Capital – Port Moresby
Currency – Papua New Guinean Kina(PGK)
Horst Koehler, Former German President & IMF’s MD Passed Away
On February 1 2025, Former German President and the Managing Director (MD) of International Monetary Fund (IMF) Horst Koehler passed away at the age of 81 in Berlin, Germany. He was born on 22 February 1943, Heidenstein, General Government (now Skierbieszów, Poland).
- He served as the MD of IMF in 2000, a position he held for 4 years.
- He served as the 9th President of Germany from 2004 to 2010.
About Horst Koehler:
i.Horst Köhler was a distinguished German Politician and Economist, and Member of the Christian Democrats, who served as the Deputy Finance Minister under ex-Chancellor, Helmut Kohl in 1990.
ii.He held influential roles in international financial institutions, including as President of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) from 1998–2000.
iii.He also held various Advisory and Leadership positions, including in the United Nation (UN) High-Level Panel on the Post-2015 Development Agenda and the African Development Bank Group.
iv.He was widely respected for his efforts to promote international cooperation, development, and ethical leadership.
Awards and Honours:
i.German Order of Merit of Baden-Württemberg (2002): Awarded for his contributions to economic policy and leadership.
ii.Grand Cross of the Order of Saint Olav (2007): Awarded by Norway for his efforts in global peace and development.
iii.Global Economy Prize (2017): Awarded for his outstanding contributions to global economic policy and sustainability.
IMPORTANT DAYS
World Wetlands Day 2025 – February 2
The United Nations (UN’s) World Wetlands Day is observed annually on February 2 across the globe to raise awareness about the critical role wetlands play in supporting both people and the planet.
- The day commemorates the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar Convention), an intergovernmental treaty signed on 2 February 1971, in Ramsar, Iran along the shores of the Caspian Sea.
- The theme for World Wetlands Day 2025, “Protecting Wetlands for Our Common Future”.
Background:
i.The World Wetlands Day observance began in 1997, organized by the Secretariat of the Convention on Wetlands, and has been celebrated by the Convention’s Contracting Parties since its establishment.
ii.On 30 August 2021, the UN General Assembly (UNGA) adopted resolution A/RES/75/317, declaring February 2 as World Wetlands Day every year to halt the loss of wetlands and promote their conservation and restoration.
iii.The first UN-recognized World Wetlands Day was observed on February 2, 2022.
About Ramsar Convention on Wetlands:
The Ramsar Convention Secretariat is based at the headquarters of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in Gland, Switzerland.
Secretary-General (SG)– Dr. Musonda Mumba
>> Read Full News
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