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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
76th Republic Day of India- 26 January 2025
India celebrated its 76th Republic Day (R-day) on 26 January 2025 with great patriotism. The Republic Day parades and events took place at Kartavya Path (formerly known as Rajpath) in New Delhi, Delhi. Republic Day commemorates the adoption of the Constitution of India, which came into effect on 26 January 1950, making India a sovereign, democratic, and republic nation.
- President of India, Droupadi Murmu, unfurled the National Flag, followed by the National Anthem and a 21-gun salute using 105-millimeter (mm) Light Field Guns, an indigenously made weapon.
Theme of the Republic Day 2025:
The 76th Republic Day celebrations, themed ‘Swarnim Bharat: Virasat aur Vikas,’ (Golden India: Heritage and Development) highlighted India’s military strength, cultural heritage, and development.
About the Chief Guest:
The President of Indonesia, Prabowo Subianto, was the Chief Guest for the 76th Republic Day celebrations, marking him as the fourth Indonesian leader to be invited for this honor.
About the 76th Republic Day Parade: The ceremony began with a visit from Prime Minister (PM) of India,Narendra Modi. The parade was led by Lieutenant (Lt.) General Bhavnish Kumar, General Officer Commanding, Delhi Area.
i.Group Captain Alok Ahlawat led the Mi-17 1V helicopters from the 129 Helicopter Unit, which showered flower petals in the Dhwaj Formation
ii.A highlight of the parade was a 148-member all-women marching contingent from the Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF).
iii.A 160-member marching contingent and a 190-member band contingent from Indonesia participated in the Republic Day parade for the first time.
>> Read Full News
Union Ministers Ashwini Vaishnaw and Gajendra Singh Shekhawat Jointly launched Various Initiatives ahead of 1st WAVES in Delhi
In January 2025, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB) and Union Minister Gajendra Singh Shekhawat, Ministry of Tourism (MoT) and Ministry of Culture (MoC), jointly launched various initiatives such as: WAVES Bazaar; 3 Create in India Challenges; WAVES Awards, among others at the National Media Centre in New Delhi, Delhi.
- These initiatives were launched ahead of the 1st World Audio Visual Entertainment Summit (WAVES) scheduled to be held from February 5 to February 9, 2025 at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi.
i.During the event, Union Minister Ashwini Vaishanaw also announced a new challenges aimed to promote films that explore India’s rich tourism and cultural heritage. These challenges aim to promote creativity, innovation, and international participation.
ii.WAVES Bazaar, an e-Marketplace, designed to bring together creators, buyers, collaborators from across different sectors such as film, Television (TV), music and firms dealing in creative content at one platform.
iii.As per MIB, WAVES Awards will start with nominations opening on February 15, 2025. The awards feature categories like: Game of the Year, Film of the Year, and Advertising Campaign of the Year.
About Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MIB):
Union Minister- Ashwini Vaishnaw (Rajya Sabha member- Odisha)
Minister of State (MoS)- Loganathan Murugan (Rajya Sabha member- Madhya Pradesh, MP)
>> Read Full News
DGFT Launched Enhanced ‘eCoO 2.0 System’ to Boost Trade Efficiency
In January 2025, the Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I) has launched the enhanced Certificate of Origin (eCoO) 2.0 System to simplify the certification process for exporters and improve trade efficiency, with features like multi-user access under a single Importer Exporter Code (IEC).
- Starting from 1st January 2025, electronic filing of Non-Preferential CoO is mandatory through the eCoO 2.0 platform, accessible to exporters via https://trade.gov.in.
About enhanced Certificate of Origin (eCoO) 2.0 System:
i.The platform handles more than 7,000 eCoOs daily, including both preferential and non-preferential certificates, connecting 125 issuing agencies, such as 110 national and regional chambers of commerce, over 650 issuing officers, and all Indian exporters in one unified system.
ii.The initiative simplifies the certification process and speeds up processing, benefiting global supply chains that involve intermediary trade through India.
iii.The certificates are issued based on documentary proof from the foreign country of origin and ensure transparency by clearly stating the origin details and supporting documents.
Key features of eCoO 2.0 :
i.The system now also supports Aadhaar-based e-signing in addition to digital signature tokens, offering more flexibility.
ii.It also introduces an in-lieu Certificate of Origin feature for requesting corrections to previously issued Certificates of Origin through a simple online application process.
iii.DGFT has introduced a process for obtaining online Back-to-Back Certificates of Origin (Non-Preferential), which apply to goods not originally from India but intended for re-export, trans-shipment, or merchanting trade.
iv.An integrated dashboard gives exporters easy access to eCoO services, Free Trade Agreement (FTA) details, trade events, and other resources.
About Directorate General of Foreign Trade (DGFT):
Director General(DG) – Santosh Kumar Sarangi
Headquarters – New Delhi (Delhi)
Established – 1991
Tripura becomes the 1st NE State to Sign MoU with Bhashini for Multi-Lingual Governance
In January 2025, the Government of Tripura has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Digital India Bhashini Division (DIBD) of the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) for multi-lingual governance. The MoU was signed during a state-level workshop titled “Bhashini Rajyam”, held at Pragna Bhavan in Agartala, Tripura under the guidance of Professor (Dr.) Manik Saha, Chief Minister (CM) of Tripura.
- With this, Tripura becomes the 1st North-Eastern(NE) state, as well as 8th Indian state to sign a MoU with Bhasha Interface for India(Bhashini).
- This MoU marks a significant milestone in the state’s efforts to promote digital inclusivity and leveraging technology for enhanced citizen centric governance.
About Digital India Bhashini Division (DIBD):
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Amitabh Nag
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Established- 2022
>> Read Full News
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
55th Annual Meeting of WEF held in Switzerland from January 20– 24, 2025: Part II
The 55th Annual Meeting of the World Economic Forum (WEF 2025) was held, with the theme “Collaboration for the Intelligent Age”, from January 20 to 24, 2025 in Davos-Klosters, Switzerland.
i.The Centre for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (C4IR) India, liaison office of WEF in India, launched its 6-year Impact journey report during the WEF Annual meeting 2025.
ii.During the meeting, the WEF, in collaboration with New York City(the United States of America, USA) based McKinsey Health Institute(MHI), released a report titled ‘Blueprint to Close the Women’s Health Gap: How to Improve Lives and Economies for All’ that highlights the global health condition of women and the need to close the health gap.
iii.The Telangana government secured an investment of Rs 1,78,950 crore, which will create 49,550 jobs, on the sidelines of the WEF 2025 in Switzerland.
- The state government signed several Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs), with major focus on establishing data centres, followed by pumped storage facilities.
iv.Maharashtra government has signed 61 MoUs, including 54 investment proposals and 7 strategic cooperation, at WEF2025 of investment worth Rs 15.70 lakh crore and having the potential to provide 16 lakh jobs in the state.
About World Economic Forum(WEF):
President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Børge Brende(Norway)
Headquarters– Cologny, Switzerland
Founded– 1971
>> Read Full News
BANKING & FINANCE
Mobikwik becomes India’s 1st Fintech Company to Roll out CBDC in Partnership with RBI and Yes Bank
In January 2025, Gurugram (Haryana)-based One Mobikwik Systems Limited, has become 1st fintech company in India, to roll out a full-scale Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) or e-rupee, in collaboration with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and Yes Bank Limited.
- As per this strategic partnership, Yes Bank Limited will act as a primary sponsor bank to provide the issuance of the CBDC for both these 3rd-party application providers.
Note: CBDC is a digital legal tender issued and supported by the RBI. This digital currency is equivalent to sovereign currency and can be exchanged at a one-to-one ratio with existing physical currency.
Key Points:
i.Now, this e-rupee wallet is accessible to all Android users of Mobikwik, which will enable seamless Peer-to-Peer (P2P) and Peer-to-Merchant (P2M) transactions.
ii.Users can now pay by scanning any Unified Payments Interface (UPI) Quick Response (QR) code using e-rupee, as the wallet is completely compatible with UPI.
iii.Existing users of Mobikwik who have completed their Know Your Customer (KYC) formalities can instantly open e-rupee wallets and make transactions from their bank accounts.
iv.The wallet allows maximum transactions of Rs 50,000 per day, with per transaction limit of Rs 10,000. It supports denominations ranging from Rs 0.50 to Rs 500.
Background:
i.It was initially launched on December 01, 2022, as a pilot project for the e-rupee retail segment (e-R) with 4 banks: State Bank of India (SBI), ICICI Bank Limited, Yes Bank Limited and IDFC First Bank in 4 Indian cities.
iii.In April 2024, RBI allowed non-bank entities to offer digital currency transactions through CBDC.
- According to the RBI, at present, 15 banks including, SBI, Kotak Mahindra Bank Limited (KMBL), Axis Bank Limited, HDFC Bank Limited, among others, offer CBDC wallets.
- While, 14 participants, which includes both bank and non-bank entities, in the wholesale CBDC pilot.
iv.In January 2025, Bengaluru (Karnataka)-based Cred, backed by Tiger Global and Peak XV, launched the beta version of its e-wallet, developed in partnership with the RBI and Yes Bank as the sponsor bank.
About One Mobikwik Systems Limited:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Bipin Preet Singh
Headquarters- Gurugram, Haryana
Established- 2009
RBL Bank & Piramal Finance Partner to offer Co-Lending Business
In January 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra) based RBL Bank Limited (formerly known as Ratnakar Bank Limited) and Mumbai (Maharashtra) based Piramal Capital and Housing Finance Limited (also known as Piramal Finance), a wholly subsidiary of Piramal Enterprises Limited (PEL), announced a partnership aimed at enhancing financial inclusion.
- This is the 3rd co-lending partnership for Piramal Finance, following similar collaborations with Axis Bank Limited and the Central Bank of India (CBI) Limited.
i.This collaboration aims to provide loans to middle and low-income borrowers in rural and semi-urban areas, with a focus on Tier 2 and Tier 3 markets.
ii.The primary goal is to provide competitive interest rates and customized credit solutions for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and home loan borrowers.
iii.This collaboration combines RBL Bank’s financial expertise and branch network with Piramal Finance’s innovative ‘High Tech + High Touch’ approach, offering competitive interest rates and customised credit solutions to underserved communities.
PNB unveils 1st-ever real time NCRP Solution for Cybercrime
In January 2025, New Delhi (Delhi) based Punjab National Bank (PNB) Limited became the 1st Indian bank to unveil real time Clari5’s National Cybercrime Reporting Portal (NCRP) Integration Solution.
- It was introduced in partnership with the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C), making PNB a leader in both banking and cybersecurity.
- This solution is designed to improve fraud prevention and automate complaint management.
i.Clari5’s NCRP Integration Solution enhances fraud prevention with automation across various banking channels, including Internet Banking, Mobile Banking, Automated Teller Machines (ATMs), Debit Cards, Unified Payments Interface (UPI), etc.
ii.The key Features include Real-Time Lien, First In, First Out (FIFO) Logic for faster complaint resolution, Intelligent Debit Freeze, and Whitelisting for account protection.
Note: Bengaluru(Karnataka) based CustomerXPs Software Private Limited founded in 2006. It sells its financial crime risk management software product under the brand name Clari5.
Paytm Launches ‘Receive Money QR Widget’ for Android users
On January 28 2025, Noida, Uttar Pradesh (UP) based Paytm, subsidiary of One97 Communications Limited(OCL), launched the ‘Receive Money Quick Response (QR) Widget‘ for android users, enabling them to receive payments directly from their smartphone’s home screen without the need to open the Paytm application (app).
- Paytm, became the 1st company to launch this new feature.This was previously launched for iPhone users.
- This new widget streamlines and accelerates the payment collection process for influencers, freelancers, shopkeepers, delivery partners, and small businesses to receive money quickly and efficiently.
Nakul Jain Announces Resignation as MD & CEO from PPSL:
In January 2025, Nakul Jain announced his resignation as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Paytm Payments Services Limited (PPSL), a subsidiary of OCL to pursue his own entrepreneurial journey.
- His resignation will take effect on March 31, 2025, at the close of business or an earlier mutually agreed date.
i.Nakul Jain joined PPSL in 2022 as an in-charge of the Online Payments business. He has more than 21 years of experience in areas like retail banking, product management, wealth management, international banking, and payments.
ii.Prior to joining Paytm, he was part of the Management Team at Standard Chartered Bank.
iii.He also held leadership positions at ICICI Bank Limited and IndusInd Bank Limited.
Points to Note:
i.In August 28 2024, PPSL received approval from the Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance (MoF) for downstream investment from Paytm into the subsidiary company PPSL.
ii.PPSL has already made an application for Payment Aggregator (PA) licence from the RBI and is awaiting approval.
About Paytm:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)– Vijay Shekhar Sharma
Headquarters– Noida, Uttar Pradesh (UP)
Established– 2010
ECONOMY & BUSINESS
India’s AIonOS signs MoU with Indosat to boost Indonesia’s AI growth
In January 2025, New Delhi (Delhi) based AIonOS India Private Limited signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Indosat Ooredoo Hutchison (Indosat or IOH), a leading Indonesian digital telecommunications company to transform Indonesia’s Artificial Intelligence (AI) ecosystem.
- This partnership marks the 1st large scale AI-focused collaboration between India and Indonesia, under the visionary, Government-to-Government (G2G) initiative.
- The MoU aims to harness the potential of AI to fuel innovation, stimulate economic growth, and drive socio-cultural transformation in Indonesia.
Note: AIonOS, founded in April 2024, is a joint venture between InterGlobe and Assago Group, focused on transforming businesses into AI-driven enterprises.
Key Areas :
The collaboration focuses on AI³ (AI for Indonesia and India), an initiative powered by Indosat and AIonOS aimed at reshaping Indonesia’s digital economy using AI technology.
i.Transformative Solutions: AI³ aims to create transformative solutions, in areas like tourism, knowledge economy, and sustainable agriculture, driving innovations to strengthen Indonesia’s global networks.
ii.Knowledge Economy Development: The partnership will collaborate with top educational institutions to build an AI-skilled workforce, strengthening Indonesia’s position in the knowledge economy.
iii.Sustainable Food Security: AI³ will use AI to boost agricultural productivity, improve climate resilience, and support local farmers, enhancing food security across Indonesia..
Key Points:
i.Indosat and AIonOS will also establish a Centre of Excellence(CoE) in Jakarta (Indonesia) in collaboration with a China-based company, DeepSeek that focuses on AI technology.
ii.In January 2025, DeepSeek launched its open-source AI model, DeepSeek-R1, designed to compete with major players like OpenAI, offering advanced capabilities in areas such as mathematical reasoning and code generation.
About Indonesia:
President- Prabowo Subianto Djojohadikusumo
Capital- Jakarta
Currency- Indonesian Rupiah (IDR)
SEBI Unveils ‘Dharohar’: A Digital Repository for India’s Securities Market
On January 26, 2025, during India’s 76th Republic Day celebrations, Mumbai, Maharashtra based Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) unveiled ‘Dharohar – Milestones in the Indian Securities Market,’ a digital knowledge repository.
- This initiative highlights SEBI’s commitment to preserving India’s securities market legacy while enhancing awareness and understanding among diverse stakeholders.
- This is designed for a broad audience, including students, investors, researchers, journalists, market participants, and the general public.
i.Dharohar documents the 150-year history and evolution of the Indian securities market, showcasing its diverse products, participants, and institutions.
ii.It includes a website with an interactive timeline of significant events and three-dimensional (3D) galleries, providing an engaging experience for visitors.
iii.It currently contains over 3,000 assets, including articles, regulatory evolution, interviews with notable personalities, historic newspaper clippings, share certificates, infographics, videos, committee reports, and more.
iv.It is set to expand, with new content being added regularly to enhance its value for users.
v.Users can access the Dharohar repository at https://www.mism.org
AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS
ICC Awards 2024: India’s Bumrah, Smriti ,and Arshdeep Singh Win ICC Men’s Cricketer , Women’s ODI, and Men’s T20I Cricketer of the Year Awards
The International Cricket Council (ICC) announced the winners of the ICC Awards 2024, with 3 Indian cricketers making their mark on the honours list. The ICC Awards 2024 event took place over five days, from January 24 to 28, 2025, highlighting exceptional performances across various categories.
i.India’s Jasprit Jasbirsingh Bumrah claimed the top honor ‘Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy’ for Men’s Cricketer of the Year 2024 and the ICC Men’s Test Cricketer of the Year 2024 respectively.
ii.Smriti Mandhana(India) was named the Women’s One Day International (ODI) Cricketer of the Year 2024.
iii.Arshdeep Singh Aulakh(India) bagged ICC Men’s Twenty20 International (T20I) Cricketer of the Year 2024.
iv.Amelia Kerr Charlotte(New Zealand) claimed the top honor “Rachael Heyhoe Flint Trophy” ICC Women’s Cricketer of the Year 2024 for her outstanding performances throughout 2024.
V.Richard Keith Illingworth(England) received David Shepherd Trophy’ for ICC Umpire of the Year 2024.
About International Cricket Council (ICC) Awards:
The ICC Awards recognize the top cricket performers of the year across all formats. There are 13 different categories in which these prestigious honors are awarded.
Chairman- Jay Shah
Headquarters – Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
Founded: 1909 (for the ICC); ICC Awards introduced in 2004.
>> Read Full News
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
KRBL Appoints Amitabh Bachchan as Ambassador for Indian Rice Brand ‘India Gate’
In January 2025, Noida(Uttar Pradesh, UP) based KRBL Limited, an Indian rice processing and exporting company, has appointed Bollywood actor Amitabh Bachchan as the brand ambassador for its flagship ‘India Gate’ brand.
- This decision aimed to strengthen the brand’s connection with consumers and enhance its global presence in the basmati rice market.
- Amitabh Bachchan is the brand ambassador for several well-known products in India, including upGrad, FirstCry, Maggi, Kalyan Jewellers, Cadbury Dairy Milk, Parker Pens, Gujarat Tourism, ICICI Prudential Life, and Maaza.
i.KRBL Limited(formerly known as Khushi Ram Behari Lal Ltd.,) was founded in 1889 in Lyallpur,Punjab by two brothers namely Khushi Ram and Behari Lal.
ii.It is recognized as one of the world’s largest rice millers. It is best known for its India Gate brand of basmati rice, which is the largest selling rice brand in India.
iii.Anil Kumar Mittal is the Chairman and Managing Director(MD) of KRBL Limited.
Alexander Lukashenko Wins 7th Consecutive Term as President of Belarus
In January 2025, Alexander Lukashenko was re-elected as president of Belarus for the 7th consecutive five-year term. He received 86.8% of the vote in the presidential election.
- The Republic of Belarus was formed in 1991 shortly after declaring itself independent of the Soviet Union. In 1994, Alexander Lukashenko was elected as the first president of Belarus. As of January 2025, he is the only person to have served as President of Belarus.
- Belarus, officially called the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked(without coastal line) country in Eastern Europe. It shares borders with Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, and Latvia.
- The capital of Belarus is Minsk and its currency is the Belarusian Ruble(BYN). Roman Alexandrovich Golovchenko is the Prime Minister(PM) of Belarus.
Belarusian Parliament :-
The Belarusian Parliament is also known as the National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus with the total capacity of 174 member,it consists of two chambers:
- The Council of the Republic – the upper house consists of 110 members.
- The House of Representatives – the lower house consists of 64 members.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ISRO Completes 100th Mission, GSLV-F15 Successfully Launched from Sriharikota, AP
On January 29 2025, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) successfully launched GSLV-F15/NVS-02 mission, carrying the NVS-02 satellite, from the Second Launch Pad (SLP) Satish Dhawan Space Centre (SDSC) in Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh (AP). With the successful launch of this mission, ISRO completed its 100th launch from Sriharikota spaceport.
- This mission marks the 17th flight of India’s Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) and 11th flight with indigenous cryogenic stage.
- It is also the 8th operational flight of GSLV with an indigenous cryogenic stage.
- Since 1979, ISRO has conducted 99 launches with Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) carrying out 62 launches, followed by GSLV (16), Launch Vehicle Mark-3 (LVM3)(7), Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) (4), among others.
i.The GSLV-F15 rocket is equipped with an indigenous cryogenic upper stage has successfully placed the NVS-02 satellite into the intended Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit (GTO).
ii.NVS-02 is 2nd out of the 5 second-generation Navigational Satellite (NVS) series (NVS-01/02/03/04/05), which are designed to augment Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC)base layer constellation with improved features for ensuring the continuity of services.
About Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO):
It is one of the six largest space agencies in the world.
Chairman- V Narayanan
Headquarters– Bengaluru, Karnataka
Established– 1969
>> Read Full News
South Africa’s MeerKAT Telescope Discovers the “Inkathazo” Galaxy
In January 2025, a team of South African researchers and astrophysicists discovered a new giant radio galaxy (GRG), named ‘Inkathazo,’ using the MeerKAT telescope (formerly known as the Karoo Array Telescope (KAT)) in the Northern Cape province of South Africa.
- It spans 3.3 million light-years from end to end , 32 times the size of our Milky Way galaxy, and is 1.44 billion light-years away from Earth.
- This discovery was published in the scientific journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (MNRAS).
i.Inkathazo, meaning “trouble” in South Africa’s isiXhosa and isiZulu languages, was named due to the challenges in understanding the physics behind this discovery.
ii.GRGs are enormous cosmic structures that emit jets of hot plasma, extending millions of light-years into space
iii.These glowing jets, visible at radio frequencies, are driven by supermassive black holes at the centers of galaxies.
NASA Discovers LID-568: A Supermassive Black Hole
In January 2025, NASA(National Aeronautics and Space Administration) of United States(US) government has unveiled a discovery “LID-568”, a supermassive black hole that challenges current beliefs about how black holes form and grow.
- Supermassive black holes are one of the most common types in the universe. They are usually found at the center of most galaxies.
Key Highlights:
i.LID-568 was identified using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and the Chandra X-ray Observatory.
ii.This black hole exists approximately 1.5 billion years after the Big Bang, making it one of the earliest known black holes in the universe.
iii.The mass of LID-568 is estimated to be around 10 million times that of the Sun, positioning it as a low-mass supermassive black hole.
iv.LID-568 exhibits a remarkable feeding rate, consuming material at a pace 40 times greater than the established Eddington limit, a phenomenon known as super-Eddington accretion. Super-Eddington accretion refers to a rare phenomenon where a black hole consumes material at a rate much higher than the Eddington limit.
v.The study, led by Hyewon Suh from the International Gemini Observatory/NSF NOIRLab, was published in Nature Astronomy in November 2024.
LID-568 Comparison with Other Supermassive Black Holes:
i.Sagittarius A: Located at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A,has a mass of about 4.3 million solar masses. While LID-568 is heavier, both are categorized as low-mass supermassive black holes.
ii.M87: In contrast, M87, another well-known supermassive black hole, has a mass of around 6.5 billion solar masses, highlighting the significant difference in mass when compared to LID-568.
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