Current Affairs 30 December 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of Anti-Terror Conference 2025 Held in New DelhiIn December 2025, Union Minister Amit Shah, Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) and Ministry of Cooperation, inaugurated the Anti-Terror Conference (ATC) 2025, in New Delhi, Delhi.

• The two-day conference, organized by the National Investigation Agency (NIA) under the MHA, was held from December 26 to 28, 2025.

Highlights of Anti-Terror Conference (ATC) 2025:
Key Launches: Union Minister Amit Shah launched anti-terror digital tools such as Updated NIA Crime Manual, Organized Crime Network Database (OCND), and Lost, Looted and Recovered Weapons Database (LLRWD).

• Updated NIA Crime Manual: It is a revised investigative and prosecution guide for terrorism and organized crime cases.
• OCND: It is a national, Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled database to map organized criminals and their links with terror networks using First Information Reports (FIRs), charge-sheets, and dossiers.
• LLRWD: It is India’s first-ever weapons database to track government weapons that are lost, stolen, looted, or recovered from state police forces and Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs). It is prepared by the NIA to prevent their misuse by criminals or terrorists.

Nine NIA Personnel Honoured: During the conference, Union Minister Amit Shah honoured nine personnel of the NIA for their exceptional service with Sewa Padak and Veerta Padak.
>>Read Full News

Union Minister Pralhad Joshi Releases’ IS 19262:2025’ for Electric Agricultural TractorOn December 24, 2025, the Union Minister Pralhad Joshi, Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution (MoCAF&PD), unveiled a new Indian Standard (IS) 19262: 2025 ‘Electric Agricultural Tractors – Test Code’ on the occasion of National Consumer Day 2025(December 24), held at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Delhi.

Key Features of IS 19262:2025 :
Electric Agricultural Tractor: The tractor use electric motor(s) powered by battery packs, instead of conventional diesel engines, for propulsion and other agricultural operations.
Developer: The Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS), under the MoCAF&PD, developed the standard to set uniform testing procedures for the safety, reliability and performance of electric agricultural tractors.
Contributor: The development of this standard was greatly supported by the following contributors:

• Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoAFW)
• Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) -Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering(CIAE) , Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh (MP)
• Central Farm Machinery Training and Testing Institute (CFMTTI), Budni, MP
• Tractor and Mechanization Association (TMA), New Delhi
• Automotive Research Association of India (ARAI), Pune, Maharashtra
• All India Farmers Alliance (AIFA), New Delhi

Reference Standards: The standard draws technical assistance from IS 5994: 2022 ‘Agricultural tractors — Test code’ and relevant Automotive Industry Standards developed for Electric Vehicles(EV), suitably adapted for agricultural applications.
Test Code: It covers evaluation of Power Take-Off (PTO), drawbar power, belt and pulley performance, vibration levels, and inspection of critical components and assemblies.
Electric Tractor Benefits: Electric tractors remove tailpipe emissions on farms, reducing air pollution and the overall carbon footprint of agriculture.

• Tractors also promise lower maintenance requirements, reduced operating costs, and improved energy efficiency.
• It also ensures a healthier working environment with reduced noise and no exhaust exposure for farmers.

About Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution (MoCAF&PD):
Union Minister – Pralhad Joshi (Constituency – Dharwad, Karnataka)
Minister of State(MoS) – B.L. Verma (Rajya Sabha – Uttar Pradesh, UP), Nimuben Bambhaniya (Constituency – Bhavnagar, Gujarat)

MoPSW Notified Operational Guidelines for Two Major Shipbuilding InitiativesIn December 2025, the Ministry of Ports, Shipping & Waterways (MoPSW) notified the operational guidelines for two key shipbuilding initiatives, the Shipbuilding Financial Assistance Scheme (SBFAS) and the Shipbuilding Development Scheme (SbDS), with total budget outlay of Rs 44,700 crore.

• As per MoPSW, both initiatives will remain valid until March 31, 2036, with an in-principle extension envisaged up to 2047.

About Operational Guidelines for Shipbuilding Initiatives:
Guidelines for SBFAS:Under SBFAS with a budgetary allocation of Rs.24,736 crore, the Government of India (GoI) will extend financial assistance of 15%–25% per vessel, depending on the vessel category.

• The scheme offers graded support for small normal, large normal, large normal, and specialised vessels.The scheme also provides for the establishment of a National Shipbuilding Mission(NSM).
•  It also features a shipbreaking credit note which offers 40% of scrap value as credit to shipowners scrapping vessels at Indian yards.

Guidelines for SbDS:The SbDS, with a budget outlay of Rs.19,989 crore, primarily focuses on long-term capacity and capability building within the domestic shipbuilding sector.

• The scheme facilitates the development of greenfield shipbuilding clusters, modernisation of existing brownfield shipyards, and the setting up of an Indian Ship Technology Centre (ISTC) under the Indian Maritime University (IMU).
• Greenfield shipbuilding clusters under SbDS, will receive 100% capital support for common maritime and internal infrastructure through a Centre-State (50:50) Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV).
• The scheme also introduces a Credit Risk Coverage Framework which offers government-supported insurance for pre-shipment, post-shipment, and vendor-default risks to enhance project bankability and financial resilience.

>>Read Full News

DAC Approved Proposals Worth Rs 79,000 Crore to Enhance the Capabilities of Armed ForcesIn December 2025, the Defence Acquisition Council (DAC), chaired by Union Minister Rajnath Singh, Ministry of Defence (MoD) approved cleared procurement proposals worth Rs.79,000 crore  covering Indian Army(IA), Indian Navy(IN), and Indian Air Force(IAF) acquisitions under Buy (Indian-Indigenously Designed, Developed, Manufactured(IDDM)) category to boost operational readiness and self-reliance.

• This marks the fourth DAC meeting of 2025, following October’s similar approvals.

Key Procurement for Armed Forces:
Key Acquisitions for IA: The Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) accorded Acceptance of Necessity (AoN) for the procurement of Loiter Munition Systems, Low Level Light Weight Radars (LLLWRs), Long Range Guided Rocket Ammunition for Pinaka MLRS, and the Integrated Drone Detection & Interdiction System Mk-II to enhance precision strike capability, counter low-flying drones, extend Pinaka’s range and accuracy, and protect critical assets in both tactical battle areas and hinterland.
Key Acquisitions for IN: The DAC granted AoN for Bollard Pull (BP) Tugs, High Frequency Software Defined Radio (HF SDR) Manpack, and leasing of High Altitude Long Range (HALE) RPAS. These systems will support safe manoeuvring of naval vessels, improve secure long-range communication, and ensure continuous intelligence, surveillance, reconnaissance (ISR) and Maritime Domain Awareness in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR).
Key Acquisitions for IAF: AoN was approved for Automatic Take-off and Landing Recording Systems, Astra Mk-II missiles, Full Mission Simulators for LCA Tejas, and SPICE-1000 guidance kits. These acquisitions will strengthen aerospace safety, enhance beyond-visual-range combat capability, improve pilot training, and boost the IAF’s long-range precision strike capability.
Ministry of Defence (MoD):
Union Minister- Rajnath Singh (Constituency- Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, UP)
Minister of State (MoS)- Sanjay Seth( Lok Sabha constituency- Ranchi, Jharkhand)

AB-PMJAY Expansion in 2025: Governments of Odisha & Delhi joined
In 2025, Ayushman Bharat- Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY), a flagship initiative by the Government of India (GoI), launched in 2018, further expanded its coverage by including Delhi and Odisha.

AB-PMJAY Expansion in 2025:
Odisha: In January 2025, Government of Odisha signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with National Health Authority (NHM), under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), to join AB-PMJAY as the 34th State or Union Territory (UT).
Delhi: In April 2025, Government of Delhi signed the MoU with NHM and became the 35th State or UT to join AB-PMJAY.
Non-Joinee: With this move, West Bengal (WB) is the only State which has not joined AB-PMJAY.
AB-PMJAY: It is a health assurance programme that offers cashless hospitalisation coverage of up to Rs.5 lakh per family per year for secondary and tertiary care.

• As of 1 December 2025, around 42.48 crore Ayushman cards have been issued since 2018, with 10.98 crore hospital admissions and claims totaling Rs.1.60 lakh crore under the scheme.

GoI Declares Parvati-Arga Bird Sanctuary in UP as ESZ
In December 2025, Union Minister of State (MoS) Kirti Vardhan Singh, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), announced that the Government of India (GoI) has declared the Parvati-Arga Bird Sanctuary (PABS) in Uttar Pradesh (UP) as an Eco-Sensitive Zone (ESZ) to promote biodiversity conservation and responsible ecotourism

About Parvati-Arga Bird Sanctuary :
Biodiversity: The ESZ declaration aims to protect flora and fauna, maintain ecological balance, and strengthen biodiversity.
Location & Area: This Ramsar-listed site is situated in Gonda District, UP, covering an area of 1,084 hectares and serves as a critical habitat for migratory birds from Central Asia and Tibet.
ESZ : An area surrounding protected regions, designated under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (EPA), aimed at reducing human impact and ensuring sustainable development.

NTH Signs MoU with DMSRDE to Strengthen Research and Testing Cooperation
On December 28, 2025, the National Test House (NTH), under the Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food & Public Distribution (MoCAF&PD), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Defence Materials and Stores Research & Development Establishment (DMSRDE), under Defence Research and Development (DRDO), Ministry of Defence(MoD), to strengthen cooperation in research, testing and training.

Key Details of the MoU:
Role of Entities: Under the MoU, NTH and DMSRDE will support each other in testing and evaluation. The partnership is expected to enhance knowledge sharing, skill development, and technical expertise.
Scope: NTH and DMSRDE will conduct joint research and testing, share laboratory facilities and equipment, exchange scientific and technical knowledge, organize seminars, workshops, and training programs, and collaborate on topics of mutual and national interest.
NTH: Established in 1912, NTH offers testing, inspection, and quality assurance for industrial and consumer products, following national and international standards. It is accredited by the National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) and recognised by the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS).

IAF’s SDI Signs MoU with IIT-Madras to Develop Indigenous Airborne Communication System
In December 2025, the Software Development Institute (SDI) of Indian Air Force (IAF), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Indian Institute of Technology-Madras (IIT-M), Chennai(Tamil Nadu, TN), to jointly design and develop an indigenous digital communication system for airborne applications(App).

• This collaboration marks a major step towards realising the vision of ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’, fostering self-reliance in defence technology and enhancing strategic capabilities of India.

Key Details of MoU:
Signatories: The MoU was signed by Air Vice Marshal R. Guruhari, Commandant of SDI; Prof. V. Kamakoti, Director of IIT-M; and Dr. M.J. Shankar Raman, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Pravartak Technologies Foundation at IIT-M campus in Chennai.
Partnership: The initiative combines SDI’s defence software expertise with IIT‑Madras’ cutting-edge research capabilities.
Key Focus Area: The project  will focus on areas like: advanced encryption protocols, secure transmission of data, resilience against threats, scalability for airborne networks, and integration with existing defence systems.
Significance: SDI in partnership with IIT-M will develop advanced algorithms for networking and encryption, which is critical for secure, reliable, and high-performance data exchange in dynamic airborne systems.

• Such systems are indispensable for contemporary military operations and the execution of network-centric warfare.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

India Ranks 3rd in Rare Earth Reserves with 6.9 million tonnes REOOn December 28, 2025, India ranked 3rd in Rare Earth reserves with 6.9 million tonnes (MT) of Rare Earth Oxide (REO) reserves, accounting for around 6 to 7% of global reserves, in a report released by Amicus Growth.

• China ranked first with 44 MT of ROE and Brazil (approximately 21 MT) secured second place.

About Rare Earth Elements (REE) : Rare earth elements are a group of 17 metallic elements with unique magnetic, optical, and chemical properties and are high-grade, economically extractable deposits.
Highlights of the Report:
Other Top 10 countries: Australia ranked 4th with 5.7 MT, Russia (5th rank) (3.8 MT), Vietnam (6th rank) (3.5 MT), Malaysia (7th rank) (2 MT), Thailand (8th rank) (1.9 MT), United States of America (USA) (9th rank) (1.9 MT), and Burundi (1.5 MT).
REE Production: In 2024, India produced around 2,900 tonnes, which is less than 1% of global production, placing it 7th globally. China produced about 270,000 tonnes in 2024, securing first place.

• The USA produced 45,000 tonnes and secured second place, followed by Myanmar (31,000 tonnes) (3rd place), Nigeria (4th), Thailand (5th), and Australia (6th), each produced around 13,000 tonnes.
• Russia produced (8th), Madagascar (9th) around 2,500 tonnes, and Vietnam (10th) (300 tonnes).

About the Ministry of Mines (MoM):
Union Minister – G Kishan Reddy (Constituency – Secunderabad, Telangana)
Minister of State (MoS) – Satish Chandra Dubey (Rajya Sabha – Bihar)
>>Read Full News

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Indian Origin Jayshree Ullal Ranks First on Hurun India Rich List 2025In December 2025, Indian-Origin and British-Born Jayshree Ullal, President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Arista Networks, was named the wealthiest Indian-Origin professional manager or executive on the ‘Hurun India Rich List 2025’ with an estimated net worth of USD 5.7 billion (approximately Rs.50,170 crores).

• With this achievement, she has overtaken prominent Indian-origin technology leaders, including Google CEO Sundar Pichai and Microsoft CEO Satya Nadella, in terms of personal wealth rankings within the global tech sector.

About Jayshree Ullal: 
Profile: Jayshree Ullal, an Indian-origin business executive, is renowned for her pioneering contributions to cloud networking and data center technology.
Career: In 2008, she joined Arista Networks, California (United States of America (USA), a Cloud Computing company that designs high-performance network switches and software. Jayshree holds 3% of the shares of Arista Networks.

• Earlier, she worked in Cisco Systems, AMD, and Fairchild Semiconductor.

Recognition: In 2025, she was also recognized among the top first-generation women wealth creators in the Candere Hurun India Women Leaders List 2025.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Russia Launches ‘Soyuz-2.1b’ Rocket from Vostochny Spaceport with 52 SatellitesOn December 28, 2025, Russia successfully launched the ‘Soyuz-2.1b’ space rocket , carrying the Fregat upper stage with 52 satellites from Site 1S at the Vostochny Cosmodrome in the Amur Region, located at the Eastern part of Russia.

• The mission represented the sixth Soyuz-2 launch from the Vostochny Spaceport in 2025 and Russia’s final orbital launch of the year.

Key Details:
Payload Details: The mission carried two Aist-2T Earth-observation satellites (Number-1 and Number-2) along with 50 small satellites developed by Russian universities under the Universat programme.
Aist-2T Earth-observation Satellites: The Aist-2T satellites, developed by the Progress Rocket and Space Centre under Roscosmos, are an upgraded version of the Aist-2D platform that was launched in 2016.

• These spacecraft perform stereoscopic Earth imaging, generating digital terrain models with a 1.2-meter(m) panchromatic resolution and 32 kilometer(km) swath width, and have a planned service life of at least five years.
• These satellites have been tasked to deliver stereoscopic images of Earth’s surface and create 3-Dimensional (3-D) models of the planet that will help in monitoring natural emergencies like: fires, floods, and volcanic eruptions.

Other 50 Satellites: These satellites are expected to serve scientific and technology requirements of companies based in Russia and its friendly states such as Iran, Belarus, Ecuador.

• Also, 50 other smaller satellites included CubeSats which will study climate change and space weather in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) for the Russian Hydrometeorological Service.

Russia Launches 3 Iranian Satellites:

Launches: In December 2025, Russia also launched 3 Iranian communication satellites that included Paya, Kowsar, and Zafar-2 into a 500 km orbit from the Vostochny Cosmodrome using a Soyuz rocket.

• Paya weighs 150 kilogram(kg), the heaviest satellite Iran has placed into orbit while Kowsar weighs 35 kg.

Mission: The satellites are capable of capturing images with up to 3 m resolution. Their mission encompasses management of water resources, agricultural monitoring, and environmental observation, with a planned operational lifespan of up to five years.
About Russia:
President-Vladimir Putin
Capital-Moscow
Currency-Russian Ruble (RUB)

STATE NEWS

Rajasthan Government Launches ‘e-Swasthya Samvad’ Digital Platform for Medical Education Governance
In December 2025, the Rajasthan government, led by Chief Minister (CM) Bhajan Lal Sharma, launched ‘e-Swasthya Samvad’, a new digital communication platform aimed at strengthening governance, transparency, and coordination within the state’s medical education department.

About e-Swasthya Samvad:
Purpose: A digital platform connecting all stakeholders in Rajasthan’s medical education and healthcare system to enable faster decision-making, better monitoring, and effective policy implementation.
Schedule: Conducted twice a week via video conference (every Tuesday and Thursday).
Two-Phase Interaction: 

• Phase 1 (from 5 pm): Senior officials including principals, medical superintendents, Principal Medical Officer (PMOs), and heads of departments (HoDs)
• Phase 2 (from 6 pm): Open interaction with faculty members, doctors, nursing staff, students, and the general public.

Discussion Areas: Budget announcements, CM’s Office directives, grievance redressal via Chief Minister Information System (CMIS) and Centralized Public Grievance Redress and Monitoring System (CP-GRAMS), implementation of health schemes, infrastructure projects, equipment procurement, and routine operational issues.
Participation & Accountability: Stakeholders can submit issues online or participate spontaneously; decisions are recorded instantly, with officials required to submit Action Taken Reports (ATR) within 72 hours.

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