Current Affairs 27 & 28 April 2025

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs 27 & 28 April 2025, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2025 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

UDAN Scheme: Connecting India, One Flight at a TimeThe Regional Connectivity Scheme- Ude Desh Ka Aam Nagrik (RCS-UDAN), a flagship initiative of Government of India (GoI) launched on October 21, 2016, aimed to democratize aviation by making flying accessible and affordable for all. The scheme is being implemented by the Ministry of Civil Aviation (MoCA).

• The 1st RCS-UDAN flight was inaugurated on April 27, 2017 by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi, connecting Shimla (Himachal Pradesh, HP) to New Delhi (Delhi).

i.The RC-UDAN is an important component of India’s National Civil Aviation Policy (NCAP) 2016, with a 10-year vision to connect Tier-2 and Tier-3 cities through a market-driven yet financially supported model.
ii.The scheme operates on the market-driven approach, where airlines assess demand on specific routes and submit proposals during the bidding rounds.
iii.Till date, 625 routes have been operationalized under the scheme, connecting 90 airports (including 15 heliports & 2 water aerodromes) across the country.
>> Read Full News

MP Gets Approval for Rs 2,100 Crore India’s  first PM MITRA Textile Park ProjectIn April 2025, Madhya Pradesh (MP) has officially received the approval from Ministry of Textiles (MoT) for Rs 2,100 crore Prime Minister Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM-MITRA) Park Project. This will be the state-of-the-art integrated textile park first-of-its-kind in India.

• This newly approved project is expected to enhance the state’s industrial landscape and strengthen India’s textile sector on the global platform.
• The state government of MP had already received investment proposals worth Rs 10,000 crore, reflecting strong interest from the industrial sector.

Key Points:
i.The park, spanning over an area of 21,000 acres will be located in Bhainsola village, Badnawar tehsil, in Dhar district, MP, approximately 110 kilometer (km) from Indore, 85 km from the Pithampur industrial cluster, and 50 km from the Delhi-Mumbai Expressway via Ratlam.
ii.It will consist of various modern facilities, including a 20 Mega Liters per Day (MLD) Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) plant, a solar-powered energy facility, and plug-and-play Built-To-Suit (BTS) units.
iii.Also, residential complexes will be constructed for workers, ensuring comprehensive infrastructure for the project’s workforce. Construction activities for the park are projected to be completed within 14 months.
About PM-MITRA Park Project:
i.It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS), announced by Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Ministry of Finance(MoF) in the Union Budget for Financial Year 2021-22 (FY22).
ii.The Government of India (GoI) had allocated Rs 4,445 crore for the implementation of the scheme for 7 years up to FY28.
iii.The GoI had announced 7 sites across 7 Indian states namely, Tamil Nadu (TN) (Virudhnagar), Telangana (Warangal), Gujarat (Navsari), Karnataka (Kalaburagi), Madhya Pradesh (MP) (Dhar), Uttar Pradesh (UP) (Lucknow) and Maharashtra (Amravati) for setting up of PM MITRA Parks.
About Madhya Pradesh (MP):
Chief Minister (CM)-  Mohan Yadav
Governor- Mangubhai C. Patel
Capital- Bhopal
National Parks (NPs)- Kanha NP, Bandhavgarh NP

India Launches First Indigenous HPV Test Kits for Cervical Cancer ScreeningIn April 2025, Union Minister of state (Independent charge) Jitendra Singh Minister of State for Science and Technology(MoS&T) launched its first Made-in-India Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) test kits for cervical cancer screening.

• The two kits are Truenat HPV-HR Plus by Goa-based Molbio Diagnostics and Patho Detect by Pune (Maharashtra)-based Mylab Discovery Solutions.
• The kits were developed under the Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology’s (MoS&T) Grand Challenges India (GCI) initiative, coordinated by the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC).

Key Features of the Kits:
i.Designed for cervical cancer screening, the second most common cancer among Indian women.
ii.Target 7-8 high-risk HPV strains responsible for most cervical cancer cases.
iii.Use Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technology, leveraging India’s expanded post-COVID diagnostic infrastructure.
iv.Offer rapid, cost-effective, and point-of-care testing, addressing challenges of traditional methods like Pap smears and Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid (VIA).
Validation and Collaboration:
The kits were validated under the study titled “Validation of Indigenous Human Papillomavirus Tests for Cervical Cancer Screening in India” (i-HPV) by:

• All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi
• National Institute of Cancer Prevention and Research (NICPR), Noida (Uttar Pradesh, UP)
• National Institute for Research in Reproductive and Child Health (NIRRCH), Mumbai (Maharashtra)
• World Health Organization (WHO) International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon (France)

Global and National Impact:
i.According to WHO, 1 out of every 5 women globally suffering from cervical cancer is Indian, and 25% of global cervical cancer deaths occur in India.
ii.WHO recommends that countries adopt HPV testing with a goal to screen 70% of eligible women by 2030, requiring only two lifetime tests at the ages of 35 and 45 years.
About Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC):
It is a non-profit Public Sector Enterprise (PSE), formed by the Department of Biotechnology (DBT) under the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoS&T)
Chairman – Dr. Rajesh S. Gokhale
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Formed – 2012

CSIR-IMMT signs Agreement with Russia to Advance Critical Mineral Technologies
In April 2025, ​Bhubaneswar(Odisha) based Council of Scientific and Industrial Research – Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology (CSIR-IMMT) under the Ministry of Science and Technology (MoS&T) has signed two Joint Declarations of Intent (JDIs) with leading Russian institutions: the State Research and Design Institute of the Rare Metal Industry (JSC Giredmet), a premier research and design institute under the Russian State Atomic Energy Corporation, Rosatom, Moscow(Russia) and the National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow (NUST MISIS)

• The aim of the collaboration is to strengthen cooperation in critical mineral processing and sustainable resource development.

i.Two separate JDIs were signed by Dr. Ramanuj Narayan (Director – CSIR-IMMT), one with Dr.Andrei I. Golinei (Director, Chemical Technology Unit, JSC Rosatom Science) and another with Dr. Michael R Filonov (Vice Rector – NUST MISIS) in the presence of Anoop Kumar Srivastava, Counsellor (Space) from the Embassy of India in Moscow.
ii.The collaborations are coordinated by Dr. Kali Sanjay, Chief Scientist and Head of Business Development from CSIR-IMMT, and Dr. Konstantin V Ivanovskikh, Deputy Director for Science and Innovation, Griedmet JSC and Dr. Korotchenko Natalia, Director MISIS Information and Marketing Centre, NUST MISIS.
iii.The collaboration focuses on research and development in process metallurgy, especially on technologies for extracting and processing critical minerals.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

World Bank Report: India’s Extreme Poverty Drops to 2.3%; Employment Growth Outpaces Working-age Population In April 2025, Washington DC (the United States of America, USA)-based World Bank (WB) released its latest report titled ‘India Poverty and Equity Brief : April 2025’. As per the report, India’s extreme poverty (defined as living on less than USD 2.15 per day) has dropped significantly from 16.2% (in 2011-12) to 2.3% (in 2022-23).

• The report further showed that 17.1 crore people have been lifted out of extreme poverty, and 37.8 crore have moved above the broader poverty line during this period.

i.The report highlighted that India has made significant strides in poverty reduction and employment growth has outpaced the working-age population since 2021-22.
ii.The report showed that decline rate in India’s extreme poverty line  was highest in rural areas of the country, where it dropped from 18.4% to 2.8%.

• While, urban extreme poverty decreased from 10.7% to 1.1% which narrows the rural-urban poverty gap from 7.7% to just 1.7%, which reflects 16% Year-on-Year (Y-o-Y) decrease.

iii.As per the World Bank’s report, India’s employment rates, especially among women, are increasing, and urban unemployment dropped to 6.6% in 1st Quarter (Q1: April to June) of Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25), the lowest since 2017-18.
About World Bank (WB):
President– Ajay Banga
Headquarters– Washington, DC, the United States of America (USA)
Established– 1944
>> Read Full News

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI cancels license of Imperial Urban Co-op Bank over inadequate liquidity
In April 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cancelled the license of the Jalandhar(Punjab)-based Imperial Urban Co-operative Bank as the lender does not have adequate capital and earning prospects.

• With immediate effect, the bank has been prohibited from conducting the business of banking, which includes acceptance of deposits and repayment of deposits, as defined under Section 5(b) read with Section 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.

i.The Registrar of Cooperative Societies, Government of Punjab has also been requested to issue an order for winding up of the bank and appoint a liquidator for the bank.
ii.On liquidation, every depositor would be entitled to receive deposit insurance claim amount up to Rs. 5 lakh under the Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC) Act, 1961.
iii.As per the data submitted to RBI by the bank, 97.79 depositors are entitled to receive the full amount of their deposits from DICGC. As on January 31, 2025 DICGC has paid Rs.541 crore of the total insured deposits.

RBI imposes Penalties on Indian Bank, IOB and Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services
In April 2025, Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed penalties on three financial institutions: Chennai, Tamil Nadu(TN) based Indian Bank(IB), Chennai based Indian Overseas Bank (IOB) and Mumbai(Maharashtra) based Mahindra & Mahindra Financial Services Ltd (MMFSL) for various regulatory non-compliances.
i.The RBI imposed a fine of Rs 1.61 crore on Indian Bank for non-compliance with some directions on ‘Interest Rate on Advances’, ‘Kissan Credit Card (KCC) Scheme’ and ‘Lending to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Sector.

• The penalty was imposed for violating provisions of Section 47A(1)(c) read with Sections 46(4)(i) and 51(1) of the Banking Regulation Act(BR Act), 1949

ii.IOB faced a penalty of Rs 63.60 lakh “non-compliance with certain directions issued by RBI on ‘Credit Flow to Agriculture – Collateral free agricultural loans’ and ‘Lending to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Sector.

• The penalty has been imposed in exercise of powers conferred on RBI under the provisions of section 47A(1)( c ) read with sections 46(4)(i) and 51(1) of the Banking Regulation Act,1949

iii.MMFSL faced a penalty of Rs 71.30 lakh for non-compliance with certain provisions of the ‘Non-Banking Financial Company- Systematically Important Non-Deposit taking Company and Deposit taking Company (Reserve Bank) Directions, 2016’ and Reserve Bank of India (Know Your Customer (KYC)) Directions, 2016.

• The penalty has been imposed by RBI under clause (b) of sub-section (1) of Section 58G read with clause (aa) of sub-section (5) of Section 58B of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Humanitarian Madhusudhan Sai Honoured with Fiji’s Highest HonourOn 25th April 2025, Sri Madhusudhan Sai, an Indian spiritual and Humanitarian leader, was conferred the ‘Companion of the Order of Fiji’, the nation’s highest civilian award by Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu, the President of Fiji at the State House of Fiji in Suva, Fiji.

• The previous recipients of the ‘Companion of the Order of Fiji’ include Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi in 2023 and President of India Draupadi Murmu in 2024.

i.He was awarded for his significant contributions to healthcare and social welfare in Fiji, through his Sri Satya Sai Sanjeevani Children’s Hospital, the first state-of-the-art, fully free Children’s Hospital in the South Pacific region focusing on treating the children irrespective of any background.
ii.He founded ‘One World One Family’, global humanitarian mission, which works across more than 80 countries to improve access to healthcare, nutrition and education.
About Fiji:
President – Ratu Naiqama Lalabalavu
Capital – Suva
Currency – Fijian Dollar (FJD)
>> Read Full News

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

ISRO takes up Lead Role of ‘International Charter Space and Major Disasters’ India, through its national space agency, Bengaluru, Karnataka based Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has assumed the lead role of the “International Charter Space and Major Disasters” for 6 months from April 2025. This leadership commenced during the 53rd Charter meeting, organized by ISRO’s National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC) from April 14 to 17, 2025 in Hyderabad, Telangana.

• The event witnessed the participation of major global space agencies (with 22 foreign delegates attending in person) engaged in space-based disaster management activities.

Note: India is signatory to the International Charter, which celebrates its 25th anniversary in 2025.
About the International Charter:
The International Charter: Space and Major Disasters strives to be a key provider of Earth-observation satellite (EOS) data and works with experts to derive information products to support disaster relief organizations in saving lives, property, infrastructure and the environmental major disasters around the world.
Charter functions:
i.The Charter functions as a collaborative framework involving 17 member organizations, who voluntarily provide Earth observation data and value-added products for managing disasters occurring globally.
ii.The Charter’s services are extended to more than 120 countries, ensuring that disaster-struck regions can access critical satellite-based information, regardless of their national capabilities.
Responsibilities of the lead role:
Assuming the lead role in the Charter has placed India at the strategic centre of coordinating global disaster response efforts using space-based assets. The responsibilities include:

• Managing activation requests and ensuring rapid dissemination of products.
• Taking lead in Strategic Planning
• Coordinating the supervision and delivery of satellite imagery from member agencies
• Facilitating training, outreach and capacity-building activities.

ISRO’S achievements within Charter:
Since 2021, ISRO has responded to 153 Charter activations and has contributed almost 700 Earth observation products.These include flood extent mapping, landslide delineation, infrastructure damage assessments, and post-disaster recovery planning.

•  India has also been a beneficiary of the Charter activations and has received support during natural calamities.

About Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO):
Chairman – Dr.V.Narayanan
Headquarters – Bengaluru, Karnataka
Established – 1969
About International Charter Space and Major Disasters:
Founded – 2000
Members – 17 space agencies

RIL Appoints Anant Ambani as ED; Becomes 1st Indian Company to Cross Rs 10 Lakh Crore EquityOn 26th April 2025, the Board of Directors of Mumbai (Maharashtra) based Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) appointed Anant M. Ambani as an Executive Director (ED) for a five-year term, effective from 1st May 2025, subject to shareholders’ approval.

• Currently, he serves as a Non-Executive Director at RIL and has been actively involved in the group’s energy and sustainability initiatives, where RIL targets becoming a net-zero carbon company by 2035.
• He plays a pivotal role in steering RIL’s energy ventures, particularly focusing on green and Renewable Energy(RE) initiatives.​

About Anant M. Ambani: 
i.Anant Ambani becomes the first among the Ambani siblings to assume an ED role at RIL.
ii.He has been a Board Member of Jio Platforms Limited (JPL) since March 2020, Reliance Retail Ventures Limited (RRVL) since May 2022, and both Reliance New Energy Limited (RNEL) and Reliance New Solar Energy Limited (RNSEL) since June 2021.
iii.He also serves on the Board of Reliance Foundation (RF) since September 2022.
RIL becomes 1st Indian company to cross Rs.10 lakh crore in total equity
In April 2025, ​Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) reported record annual consolidated revenues of Rs.1,071,174 crore (approximately USD 125.3 billion) for the fiscal year 2024–25(FY25), marking a 7.1% year-on-year(YoY) increase.

• With this, RIL achieved a significant milestone by becoming the first Indian company to surpass Rs.10 lakh crore in total equity .​
• This follows its 2024 achievement as the first Indian firm to cross Rs. 20 lakh crore in market capitalization(market cap).

i.This growth was driven by strong performances in its consumer businesses and oil-to-chemicals (O2C) sector.
ii.Reliance Industries Limited (RIL) reported a 2.9% YoY increase in its annual consolidated Profit After Tax (PAT) and share of profit/(loss) from associates and joint ventures, reaching Rs.81,309 crore (approximately USD 9.5 billion).
iii.The company also announced a capital expenditure of Rs.131,107 crore (about USD 15.3 billion) for the fiscal year ending March 31, 2025.
About Reliance Industries Limited: 
Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) – Mukesh Ambani
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Founded – 1957

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DRDO-DRDL Achieves 1,000-Second Scramjet Test for Hypersonic Missile DevelopmentIn April 2025, the Hyderabad (Telangana) based Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), a unit of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), successfully conducted a 1,000-seconds ground test of an Active Cooled Scramjet Subscale Combustor at its newly established Scramjet Connect Test Facility (SCPT) in Hyderabad.

• This achievement marks a critical advancement in India’s Hypersonic Cruise Missile Development Programme, following a prior 120-second test in January 2025.
• This success paves the way for full-scale flight-worthy combustor testing, a crucial step toward operationalizing hypersonic missiles.

i.Hypersonic Cruise Missile (HCM) is capable of sustained flight at speeds exceeding Mach 5 (>6,100 kilometers per hour (km/h)), powered by air-breathing scramjet engines that rely on supersonic combustion for long-duration performance.
ii.A Scramjet (Supersonic Combustion Ramjet) is an air-breathing engine without moving parts, capable of sustaining combustion at supersonic speeds.

• It uses a unique flame stabilization method to sustain combustion even when air flows at speeds greater than 1.5 kilometers per second (km/s).

ISRO & SCTIMST Signed MoU to Propel Space Medicine Advances
In April 2025, Bengaluru (Karnataka)-based Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), Department of Space (DoS) and Thiruvanathpuram (Kerala)-based Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences & Technology (SCTIMST), Department of Science & Technology (DST), Ministry of Science & Technology (MoS&T) have signed the ‘Framework Memorandum of Understanding(MoU) on Cooperation in Space Medicine’.

• The MoU was signed by Dr. Sanjay Behari, Director of SCTIMST and M. Ganesh Pillai, Scientific Secretary, ISRO in the presence of Dr. V Narayanan, Chairman of ISRO in Thiruvananthapuram.

i.This strategic partnership marks a major milestone in the advancement of space medicine and its applications will further support India’s human space flight missions (Gaganyaan program) and improve healthcare both in space and on Earth.
ii.The MoU is set to accelerate innovations and advancements in areas such as human physiological research, behavioral health studies, biomedical support systems, radiation biology, and medicine, among others.
iii.This collaboration will also promote research opportunities in space medicine and help develop new technologies that can benefit national priorities.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

‘Beyond the Courtroom’ By Fali S. Nariman Released
In April 2025, ‘Beyond the Courtroom: Reflections on Law, Constitution, and Nationhood’, written by the late Fali Sam Nariman, released. It is a curated collection of S.Nariman’s most impactful speeches, groundbreaking articles, and enlightening lectures, reflecting the extensive scope of his legal and constitutional expertise. ​

• The book is published by New Delhi(Delhi) based Hay House Publishers India Private Limited.
• Divided into five sections (Nation, Judiciary, Constitution, Law and Arbitration) the book also advice young lawyers and tackles ethical questions.

About Fali S.Nariman:
i.Fali Sam Nariman, born on 10 January 1929, was an Indian Jurist. He was a senior advocate, Supreme Court of India. He actively served as the nominated member of the Upper House of India’s Parliament from 1999 to 2005.
ii.He was appointed as the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Geneva, Switzerland from 1995 to 1997.
iii.He was a member of the ICC International Court of Arbitration, Paris and later, its Vice-President from 1998 to 2005.He was elected as the President of International Council for Commercial Arbitration (ICCA) from 1994 to 2002.
iv.He was awarded Padma Bhushan in 1991 for recognition of distinguished services in the field of jurisprudence and Padma Vibhushan in 2007 for the recognition of exceptional and distinguished services in the field of Public Affairs.

IMPORTANT DAYS

World Veterinary Day 2025 – April 26World Veterinary Day (WVD) is observed annually on the last Saturday of April worldwide to recognize the contributions of veterinarians in ensuring animal health, welfare, and public safety.

• The annual observance is led by the World Veterinary Association (WVA), a global federation of veterinary associations dedicated to advancing veterinary science.

i.In 2025, World Veterinary Day was observed on 26th April 2025

• In 2026, World Veterinary Day will be observed on 25th April 2026

ii.WVA announced the theme for World Veterinary Day 2025 as “Animal Health Takes a Team.”
iii.In 2000, WVA initiated World Veterinary Day as an annual celebration.
About World Veterinary Association (WVA):
President – John de Jong
Headquarters – Brussels, Belgium
>> Read Full News

International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day 2025 – April 26The United Nations (UN)’s International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day is annually observed across the globe on 26th April to commemorate the anniversary of the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear disaster.

• The day is observed to honour the victims and survivors of the Chernobyl disaster and to raise awareness about its long-lasting impacts.
• 26th April 2025 marks the 39th anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster.

Background:
i.On 8th December 2016, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/71/125 and proclaimed the 26th April of every year as International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day.
ii.The 1st ever International Chernobyl Disaster Remembrance Day was observed on 26th April 2017.
>> Read Full News

World Intellectual Property Day 2025 – April 26World Intellectual Property Day (World IP Day) is observed annually across the globe on April 26 to raise awareness about how IP rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, and designs, influence daily life and to celebrate creativity and innovation.

• The date marks the enforcement of the Convention Establishing the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), came into force in 1970.
• The theme for World IP Day 2025 is “Music and IP: Feel the Beat of IP.”

Background:
i.The day was officially established in 2000 by WIPO to increase awareness and understanding of IP.
ii.The first World IP Day was observed on 26th April 2001.
Key Points:
i.India secured the 9th position globally in PCT filings, with 4,552 applications in 2024, up from 3,725 in 2023, reflecting a 22.2% year-on-year growth.
ii.According to the 13th edition of the International IP Index released by the Washington, D.C. (USA) based U.S. Chamber of Commerce, India maintained its 43rd position out of 55 countries.
>> Read Full News

STATE NEWS

Dr. A. Jayathilak Appointed as 50th Chief Secretary of Kerala
In April 2025, Dr. A. Jayathilak, a 1991-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer from Kerala cadre, has been appointed as 50th Chief Secretary(CS) of Kerala by the state cabinet. He will remain at this post till June 2026, when he is due for retirement.

• He will succeed Sarada Muraleedharan, a 1990-batch IAS officer, who is scheduled to retire on April 30, 2025.
• Currently, he is serving as Additional CS (Finance), Kerala.

i.Dr. A. Jayathilak officially started his bureaucratic career as Subcollector of Mananthavady and served as  District Collector (DC) of Kollam and Kozhikode districts of Kerala.
ii.During his 34 year long career in public service, he held key positions in the state government, including Managing Director (MD) in the Industries Department and the Kerala Tourism Development Corporation (KTDC), Chairman of Spice Board and Additional CS(Disaster Management).
iii.He also held various posts in the Chhattisgarh government on inter-cadre deputation during 2002-05.

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