Current Affairs 26 July 2025

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs 26 July 2025, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2025 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Union Minister Amit Shah unveils ‘National Cooperative Policy – 2025’ in New DelhiIn July 2025, Union Minister Amit Shah, representing the Ministry of Home Affairs(MHA) and Ministry of Cooperation, launched the ‘National Cooperative Policy 2025’ at an event held at Atal Akshay Urja Bhawan in New Delhi, Delhi. This policy marks a significant milestone for India’s cooperative movement, setting the direction for the next two decades (2025-2045).

• In 2002, India introduced its first National Cooperative Policy, providing a foundational framework aimed at improving the management of the economic activities of cooperative

Key Highlights:
Vision: It is to build a Viksit Bharat by 2047 through ‘Sahkar Se Samriddhi’ (prosperity through cooperation).
Committee: Under the leadership of Suresh Prabhu, a 40-member committee presented a comprehensive and visionary cooperation policy to India’s cooperative sector.
Sectors: The Ministry of Cooperation has prepared a detailed plan for sectors like tourism, taxi services, insurance, and green energy.
Targets: The target is to triple the contribution of the cooperative sector to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by the year 2034. 

• Also bring 50 crore citizens, who are either not members or are inactive in the cooperative sector, into active participation.
• Additionally, there is a target to increase the number of cooperative societies by 30% from the current count of 8.3 lakh.

>>Read Full News

DoP and NIPL Sign Agreement to Revolutionize Inward Remittances to IndiaOn July 24, 2025, the Department of Posts (DoP), under the Ministry of Communications and NPCI International Payments Limited (NIPL), the international arm of National Payments Corporation of India(NPCI), has signed the Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) to collaborate on an initiative to transform inward remittances to India.

• It integrates Unified Payments Interface (UPI) and the Universal Postal Union (UPU) Interconnection Platform (IP) to create a secure and affordable remittance channel across Indian diaspora in the world.

NDA Signed to Expand UPI’s Global Reach:
Agreement Signed: The NDA agreement was exchanged between L.K. Dash, Deputy Director General (International Relations and Global Business), DoP, and Ritesh Shukla, CEO(NIPL) to initiate this innovative project.
Global Aspirations: Previously, the Government of India (GoI) internationalized UPI in countries including France, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Bhutan, Nepal, Mauritius, Sri Lanka, and Singapore.

• The inclusion of the UPU’s 192-member global postal network will further expand UPI’s worldwide footprint.

Key Benefits:
Affordable Remittances: The integration of UPI-UPU-IP significantly reduces remittance costs, making it affordable for Indian workers abroad to send money home.

• Note: Remittance costs are the charges associated with transferring money internationally from a sender to a recipient.

Secure Transactions: The two-factor authentication system(UPI) combined with the trusted postal network ensures secure and fraud-resistant transactions.
Wider Reach and Accessibility: By utilizing the UPU-IP network, the reach of UPI-enabled remittances is enabled to remote and rural regions without thr presence of banks.
Real-Time Transfers: Transaction is done in real time through UPI real-time money transfer system thus forwarding inward remittance to India.
About Universal Postal Union (UPU):
Director General(DG)- Masahiko Metoki
Headquarters- Berne, Switzerland
Established-  1874

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

India & UK Sign CETA to Boost Bilateral Trade and InvestmentOn July 24, 2025, India and the United Kingdom (UK) signed a landmark Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) to strengthen bilateral trade, investment, and economic cooperation. The pact was signed during Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi’s official visit to the UK at Chequers, Buckinghamshire, UK.
Key Signatories:
The agreement was signed by Union Minister Piyush Goyal, Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I), Government of India (GoI), and Jonathan Reynolds, UK Secretary of State for Business and Trade, in the presence of Narendra Modi, Prime Minister (PM) of India, and Keir Starmer, PM of the UK.
Economic Context:

• The deal aims to double bilateral trade from USD 56 billion (2025) to USD 112 billion by 2030.
• CETA contains 26 chapters, covering areas such as goods, services, digital trade, Intellectual Property (IP), and sustainability.

Tariff Reductions:

• India’s Commitments:
• Elimination of duties on 99% of tariff lines, covering almost 100% of the bilateral trade value.
• 99% of UK exports (e.g., whisky, automobiles, medical devices) to gain zero-duty access.
• Whisky tariffs to be reduced from 150% to 75% immediately, and further down to 40% over 10 years.
• UK’s Commitments:
• Reduction in 90% of tariff lines, with 85% reaching zero-duty status within 10 years.
• Benefits key Indian sectors: textiles, gems, pharmaceuticals, and engineering goods.

>>Read Full News

USA Announces Withdrawal from UNESCOIn July 2025, the President of the United States of America (USA), Donald Trump, announced that the USA will withdraw from the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) effective December 31, 2026. This decision marks the third time the USA has exited the organization, following previous withdrawals in 1984 and 2017.

• The USA cited ideological differences over divisive social and cultural issues that it believes do not align with the country’s national interests.

About USA Withdrawal from UNESCO:
Reasons: The USA has highlighted the reasons such as non-compliance of ideologies such as promoting divisive and cultural causes which includes Diversity, Equity and Inclusion (DEI) toolkits, Anti-racism education, gender-based programs of UNESCO like “Transforming MEN’talities.

• It also opposes the alignment of UNESCO with the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially the goals such as Climate change; Gender equality; Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Plus (LGBTQ+) inclusion; Cultural diversity.

History of withdrawal and rejoining: In 1984, the USA withdrew from UNESCO under former President Ronald Reagan. After 19 years, the USA rejoined under President George W. Bush in 2003.

• In 2017, President Donald Trump announced the withdrawal, effect from December 31, 2018, claiming anti-Israel bias and the appointment of Palestine as a full member of UNESCO in 2011. USA rejoined in July 2023 under the former President Joe Biden.

Impact: The USA contributed over 8% of the total budget of UNESCO, which would face financial gaps for a shorter period.

• The other impacts include the loss of voting rights, reduced influence in setting international cultural, educational, and technical standards.

Note: In January 2025, the USA withdrew from the World Health Organization (WHO).
About United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):
Director-General (DG) – Audrey Azoulay
Headquarters – Paris, France
Established – 1945

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI withdraws conditions on Religare Finvest under Corrective Action PlanOn 23rd July 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) officially withdrew the Corrective Action Plan (CAP), which was previously imposed on Religare Finvest Limited (RFL), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Religare Enterprises Limited (REL).
Background: The CAP was initially imposed on January 18, 2018, due to irregularities observed during the inspection as of March 31,2017.

• The Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) had accumulated losses of Rs. 2,270 crores till March 2022. The RBI had placed the NBFC under the CAP framework due to large-scale fund misappropriation from both REL and RFL.

Recovery: The NBFC made progress by completing a one-time settlement with 16 lenders in March 2023, repaying over Rs. 9,000 crores to the banking system.

• Despite the withdrawal of CAP, RFL is still required to maintain compliance with all prudential norms.

Stakeholders: Earlier in 2025, the Burman family secured a controlling stake in REL following the conclusion of an open offer.

• This acquisition officially made them the promoters of REL, equating to a 25.16% stake in the company.

RBI cancels licence of The Karwar Urban Co-op Bank
In July 2025, the RBI has cancelled the licence of the karwar, Karnataka based The Karwar Urban Co-operative Bank (UCB) due to inadequate capital and earning prospects.
Closure: The bank does not have adequate capital and earning prospects. As such, it does not comply with the provisions of Section 11(1) and Section 22(3)(d) read with Section 56 of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949,”

• As per RBI announcement, Karwar UCB will cease to conduct banking business effective the end of business hours on 23rd July 2025.

Liquidation: The RBI has also requested the Registrar of Cooperative Societies (RoCS), Karnataka, to initiate the bank’s winding-up process and appoint a liquidator.

• On liquidation, every depositor would be entitled to receive the deposit insurance claim amount of his/her deposits up to a monetary ceiling of Rs 5 lakh from Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC).

About Religare Enterprises Limited (REL):
Interim Chairperson – Praveen Kumar Tripathi (Interim)
Headquarters –  Delhi, New Delhi

Federal Bank Launches India’s First Biometric Authentication for Ecom Card Transactions
On July 24, 2025, Federal Bank Limited has introduced India’s first-ever biometric authentication solution for electronic (e)-commerce card transactions with credit cards and debit cards. The initiative was launched in collaboration with fintech partners M2P and MinkasuPay.

• With this move, One Time Passwords (OTPs)-based Two Factor Authentication (TFA) of the transactions has been replaced.

About India’s First Biometric Authentication:
Biometric Authentication: The customers can authenticate their ecommerce purchases through their fingerprint or Face Identification (ID).
Enhanced User Experience: Replacement of OTP verification has reduced the timeframe from typical 30 – 60 seconds to just 3-4 seconds. This initiative enhances security and user experience.
Enrollment  The enrollment is done with one-time consent during checkout on supported merchant applications such as Easemytrip. After enrollment, the payments are authenticated through biometric scans on Mobile Phones.
RBI Compliance: The biometric solution is compliant with TFA guidelines of Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and opts OTP verification when biometrics do not work.

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Rwanda President Paul Kagame Appoints Justin Nsengiyumva as PMOn July 24, 2025, Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda, has appointed Justin Nsengiyumva, who served as deputy governor of the National Bank of Rwanda(BNR), as the Prime Minister (PM) of Rwanda, with immediate effect. This move paves the way for the formation of a new cabinet within 15 days.

• He succeeds Edouard Ngirente, who was dismissed on July 23, 2025, after serving since August 2017.

About Justin Nsengiyumva:
Introduction: Justin Nsengiyumva is an experienced Rwandan economist and public servant.
Early Career in Rwanda: He served as the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Trade & Industry, Rwanda, from 2005 to 2008. He led the trade negotiations at the World Trade Organization (WTO) and regional block such as East African Community (EAC), and the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA).

• In 2008, he served as the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Education, Rwanda.

Career In UK: He contributed to the welfare reforms as an economist, serving for the Department of Work and Pensions in United Kingdom (UK).

• As a Senior Economic Advisor at the Office of Rail and Road (ORR) in the Government of UK, he led policy research and cost benchmarking initiatives for Network Rail, representing ORR in European Regulatory forums.
• He also served as Policy & Research Development Manager of the Refugee Action, UK, where he worked on inclusive research and policy for refugee and minority communities.

Deputy Governor of BNR: He worked as the Deputy Governor of BNR from February to July 2025. In this role, he co-led the digital payments and innovation strategy.

• Under his supervision, BNR recorded financial inclusion of 96% in both formal and informal sectors.

About Rwanda:
President – Paul Kagame
Capital – Kigali
Currency – Rwandan Franc (RWF)

Nirmal Minda Appointed as Senior Vice President of ASSOCHAM In July 2025, Nirmal K. Minda, Executive Chairman of Uno Minda Limited, has been appointed as the Senior Vice President of the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) during the First Managing Committee Meeting for the financial year 2025–26(FY26), held in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

• He is set to succeed Sanjay Nayar, Founder and Chairman of Sorin Investment Fund (SIF), as the next President of ASSOCHAM.

About Nirmal Minda:
Introduction: Nirmal Minda He is a seasoned industrialist with over 50 years of leadership experience in the auto components sector.
Leadership Roles: He currently serves as the Executive Chairman of UNO Minda (formerly Minda Industries), which makes a range of auto parts for cars and two-wheelers.

• Under his leadership, Uno Minda has expanded to operating 73 factories worldwide with a diverse range of products, including switching systems, lighting systems, acoustic systems, and alloy wheels.
• He has also served as the President of Automotive Component Manufacturers Association of India (ACMA) for 3 consecutive years.

Awards and Achievements: He has received several accolades for his business achievements and contributions to society.

• These include the EY Award in the Manufacturing category in 2019 and the Haryana Ratna Award for his social achievements.
• He was also awarded the prestigious HURUN Self-made Entrepreneur Award, in 2023.

Other Appointments:
Amitabh Chaudhry, Managing Director and CEO of Axis Bank Limited, will be appointed as the Vice-President of the Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM), pending approval from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI).
About Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry of India (ASSOCHAM) :
Headquarters-  New Delhi, Delhi
Established- 1920

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DRDO Conducts Flight Trials of UAV-Launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3 in APIn July 2025, the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully conducted flight trials of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-Launched Precision Guided Missile (ULPGM)-V3 at the National Open Area Range (NOAR) in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh (AP).
About ULPGM-V3 Missile:
Purpose: The ULPGM-V3 is a fire-and-forget, precision-guided air-to-surface missile launched from UAVs, designed to accurately engage static and moving targets while ensuring minimal risk to personnel.

• The ULPGM-V3 is the upgraded version of the earlier ULPGM-V2 variant, which was developed by DRDO’s Terminal Ballistics Research Laboratory (TBRL), had multiple warhead options.

Development: The missile was developed by DRDO in collaboration with industry partners, including Development-cum-Production Partners (DcPPs), Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), and Indian start-ups.

• Manufacturing support was provided by Bharat Dynamics Limited (BDL), in association with Adani Defence Systems.

Weight and Propulsion: The missile weighs 12.5 kg (kilogram) and is powered by a dual-thrust solid propulsion system, offering a range of up to 4 km (kilometer) during the day and 2.5 km at night.
Guidance System: It is equipped with Imaging Infrared (IIR) seekers for passive homing, allowing accurate targeting in both day and night conditions.
Target Capability: The system supports multiple warhead configurations, including tandem warheads capable of penetrating tanks equipped with Explosive Reactive Armour (ERA).
Communication: The missile includes a two-way datalink, enhancing real-time communication between the missile and control station during flight.
UAV Compatibility: Its lightweight structure ensures compatibility with various UAVs, providing operational flexibility across diverse terrain and mission profiles.
Advancements: The advancements in ULPGM-V3 include increased range, advanced target acquisition systems, and enhanced propulsion, making it more suitable for current and future battlefield requirements.
About Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO):
Chairman – Dr. Samir Venkatapati Kamat
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Established – 1958

ISRO-VSSC & NIOT Signed MoU to Develop ‘MATSYA-6000’ Submersible VesselOn 23rd July 2025, Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), a centre under the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT), an autonomous institute under the Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES), for the development of a Human Occupied Vehicle (HOV) named ‘MATSYA-6000’, a submersible vessel under the ‘Samudrayaan project’.
About MATSYA-6000 Submersible:
Design: The submersible features a spherical personnel capsule of 2,260 millimetres (mm) diameter, built using Titanium alloy with 6% Aluminium, 4% Vanadium – Extra Low Interstitials grade (Ti6Al4V – ELI grade), with a wall thickness of 80 mm.
Depth Capability: Designed to withstand pressure up to 600 bar and temperatures as low as -3°C.
Crew: Capable of carrying a three-member crew into the deep sea.
About Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC):
Director – S. Unnikrishnan Nair
Headquarters – Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala
Established – 1963
>>Read Full News

Turkey Unveils Indigenous Hypersonic Missile “Tayfun Block-4”In July 2025, Turkey unveiled its first indigenously developed hypersonic ballistic missile, Tayfun Block – 4,during the 17th International Defence Industry Fair (IDEF 2025) held in Istanbul, Turkey. The missile is designed to enhance Turkey’s long-range precision strikes on high-value strategic targets.

• With this launch, Turkey has entered the global hypersonic arms race, joining major powers such as the United States of America (USA),Russia, and China.
• Turkey has also become the secondNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) member, after the USA, to develop an indigenous hypersonic missile.

About Tayfun Block -4:
Tayfun Block-4 is Turkey’s first indigenous long-range hypersonic ballistic missile, developed by Roketsan. It is capable of exceeding Mach 5 speed and is designed to evade advanced air defense systems.

• Its guidance system is based on Global Positioning System (GPS) and Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS) combined with the inertial system (INS) for high accuracy with a maximum error constant of 5 meters(m).

Note: Mach is the unit of the ratio of the speed of a body to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium.
Key Specifications:

About Roketsan:
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Murat Ikinci
Headquarters – Ankara, Turkey
Established – 1988

SPORTS

IOA Ratifies Appointment of Raghuram Iyer as its CEO, Sets Up Anti-Doping PanelOn July 24, 2025, the Executive Council (EC) of the Indian Olympic Association (IOA) has ratified the appointment of Raghuram Iyer as the full time Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and established Athletes Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel (AADDP) to tackle doping.

• This move is the result of the criticism from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) following its delegation visit, about the lack of governance and compliance with national and international anti-doping standards.

Raghuram Iyer Appointed as CEO of IOA:
About Raghuram Iyer: He began his career with executive roles at Sony Pictures Entertainment and Discovery Channel. He was appointed as CEO of Rajasthan Royals, a Franchise of Indian Premier League (IPL) in 2007.

• From 2016 to 2022, he worked across multiple franchises, including Rising Pune Super Giant (RPSG) (IPL), Lucknow Super Giants (LSG) (IPL), ATK Mohun Bagan (Indian Super League football), RPSG Mavericks (Ultimate Table Tennis).
• In 2024, he was unanimously selected as CEO of IOA by a nomination committee comprising P.T. Usha, President, IOA; M.C. Mary Kom, Athletes’ Commission Chair; and Nita Ambani, IOC member from India.

Athletes Anti-Doping Disciplinary Panel:
Members: The panel, comprising seven members, will be headed by Rohit Rajpal, former tennis player; Dr. PSM Chandran, renowned sports medicine expert; Aparna Popat, former Badminton player.

• It also includes Dr. Anindya Chowdhury, legal expert in sports law, Major General (Maj Gen) Dilawar Singh, Sports governance specialist, Dr. B. Srinivas, Sports medicine and policy advisor, and Dr. Sudhir K. Jain, Academic and researcher in health science and doping ethics.

Role of AADDP: It will ensure transparent, and fair adjudication of doping cases, promote awareness among athletes, trainers, and officials.

• It operates in accordance with the global anti-doping code of the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) and follows the national rules established by India’s National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA).

Note: India recorded a 3.8% doping positivity rate in 2023.
About Indian Olympic Association (IOA):
President – P.T. Usha
Headquarters – New Delhi, Delhi
Established -1927

IMPORTANT DAYS

World Drowning Prevention Day 2025 – July 25The United Nations (UN)’s World Drowning Prevention Day is annually observed across the globe on July 25 to highlight drowning’s global impact, promote life-saving prevention measures, and catalyse global action for water safety.

• July 25, 2025, marks the 5th observance of World Drowning Prevention Day.
• The 2025 theme for World Drowning Prevention Day is “Your Story Can Save a Life.”

Background:
UNGA Resolution: On 28th April 2021, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) adopted the resolution A/RES/75/273 on global drowning prevention, officially declaring 25th July every year as World Drowning Prevention Day.
1st Observance:World Drowning Prevention Day was marked for the first time on 25 July 2021.
Global Collaboration: The 76th World Health Assembly (May 2023) adopted the first resolution on drowning prevention, titled “Accelerating Action on Global Drowning Prevention”.

• This resolution, proposed by the governments of Bangladesh and Ireland and co-sponsored by at least 72 Member States, requests governments and partners to escalate action through 2029.

>>Read Full News

World In Vitro Fertilization Day 2025 – July 25World In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Day, also known as World Embryologist Day, is annually observed across the globe on 25th July to raise awareness about IVF technology, and its role in addressing infertility using assisted reproductive technology (ART).

• The day commemorates the birth of Louise Brown, the world’s first baby conceived through IVF technology in 1978.

About World In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) Day:
Background: The world’s first successful birth through IVF was accomplished in the United Kingdom (UK) due to the pioneering efforts of Dr. Patrick Christopher Steptoe, Dr. Robert Geoffrey Edwards, and nurse Jean Marian Purdy.
Milestone Birth: Louise Brown, born on 25th July 1978 at Dr. Kershaw’s Cottage Hospital in the UK, became the first child born using IVF technology, after her mother, Leslie Brown, had undergone more than 100 unsuccessful embryo transfer attempts.
Recognition: Dr. Robert Edwards, regarded as the “Father of IVF,” was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2010 for his contribution to the development of IVF.
>>Read Full News

International Day for Judicial Well-being 2025 – July 25The first ever United Nations (UN’s) International Day for Judicial Well-being was observed on 25th July 2025, to ensure the importance of psychological well-being of judges and magistrates, who uphold the rule of law in the world.

• The day commemorates the adoption of the Nauru Declaration on Judicial Well‑being at the Regional Judicial Conference in Nauru on July 25, 2024.

About International Day for Judicial Well-being:
Background: In 4 March 2025, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA)  adopted Resolution A/RES/79/266 during its 58th plenary meeting and proclaimed 25th July of every year to be International Day for Judicial Well-being.

• The Resolution was initiated by Justice Rangajeeva Wimalasena, President of the Court of Appeal of Nauru and First Secretary Ms. Josie Anne Jacob in coordination with the UN Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
• The resolution was voted unanimously by over 160 countries, 1 not in favor (United States) and 3 abstentions (Haiti, Madagascar, Syria). It includes 70 co-sponsoring Countries including India, United Kingdom(UK), Australia, France, Japan, Nigeria, and Sri Lanka.

Observance: The resolution invites UN Member States, UN agencies, regional and international organizations, judicial institutions, academia, bar associations, and civil society to mark the day for the well-being of judges and magistrates.
>>Read Full News

STATE NEWS

GoI Extends President’s Rule in Manipur till February 2026
On July 25, 2025, Government of India (GoI) has extended President’s Rule in Manipur by six months till 13 February 2026, citing continued social unrest and lack of suitable environment for free and fair elections.

• The resolution was introduced by the Union Minister Amit Shah, Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA), in the parliament.

About Extension of President’s Rule in Manipur:
Article 356: The Parliament has approved the extension of President’s rule as per the Article 356 of the Constitution of India, which permits the implementation of President’s rule in a state when the state government fails to uphold constitutional machinery.

• It requires approval from Parliament every six months to a maximum of three years.

Background of Violence: In May 2023, violence broke out between Meitei and Kuki-Zo groups, which led to a severe law-and-order crisis.
Imposition and Current Administration: Initially it was imposed on 13 February 2025, following the resignation of former Chief Minister (CM) of Manipur N Biren Singh amid violence breakout in Manipur.

• Currently, Governor of Manipur, Ajay Kumar Balla oversees the administration of Manipur.

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