Current Affairs 25 July 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

MSDE Celebrated 10 Years of Skill Development Mission with Launch of Various Key Initiatives at Bharat Mandapam

In July 2025, the Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) celebrated the successful completion of 10 Years of Skill India Mission by hosting a conference cum exhibition under the title ‘Bharat SkillNxt 2025’ at Bharat Mandapam in New Delhi, Delhi.

• Union Minister of State (MoS) (Independent Charge, IC) Jayant Chaudhary, MSDE graced the event.

Initiatives Launched: During the event, several key initiatives including, IndiaSkills 2025-26 Operational Guidelines and Registration Portal, SOAR (Skilling for Artificial Intelligence (AI) Readiness), National Council for Vocational Education and Training (NCVET)’s Kaushal Verse Digital Enterprise Portal (DEP), among others were launched.

MoUs signed: The event also saw the exchange of various high-impact Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) that reaffirmed the government’s commitment to public-private and global collaborations and the most notable MoU was signed between MSDE and the Government of the French Republic.

• Other key MoUs signed during the event were: MoU between NSTI Bengaluru and SLN Technology under the DST scheme; a MoU was signed between NSTI Mumbai (Maharashtra) and ICICI Foundation for rural incubation.
• Series of Flexi MoUs were signed between Regional Directorate of Skill Development and Entrepreneurships (RDSDEs) and prominent industry and academic institutions, including Dixon Technologies, Microsoft, HCL, Apollo MedSkills, and premier institutions like: Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Patna (Bihar), IIIT Una (Himachal Pradesh, HP), RRU Gandhi Nagar, IIT Hyderabad (Telangana), and National Institute of Technology (NIT) Agartala (Tripura) under PMKVY’s institutional strengthening strategy.

>>Read Full News

India Achieved 20% Ethanol Blending in Petrol, 5 Years Ahead of its 2030 Target
In July 2025, Union Minister Hardeep Singh Puri, Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas (MoPNG), announced that India has successfully achieved 20% ethanol blending in petrol in 2025, 5 years ahead of its 2030 target.

• He further highlighted that ethanol blending in petrol has increased from just 1.5% (in 2014) to 20% (in 2025), marking a 13-fold increase over the last 11 years.

Key Economic and Environment Benefits:
Savings in Foreign Exchange: Ethanol Production has increased significantly from 38 crore litres (in 2014) to 661.1 crore litres (by June 2025) which resulted in saving nearly Rs 1.36 lakh crore in foreign exchange.
Strengthening Rural Income and Agriculture Sector: Between the same time period, GoI paid Rs 1.96 lakh crore to distilleries, promoting the growth of the domestic biofuel industry.

• In addition to that, Rs 1.8 lakh crore has been paid directly to farmers.

Reduction in CO2 Emissions: Ethanol-blending has a significant impact on the environment for instance: the increased use of ethanol-blended petrol has reduced Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions by 698 lakh tonnes.
>>Read Full News

Maruti Suzuki Signed a MoU with DPIIT to Propel Auto and Mobility Startup Innovation in India
In July 2025, Maruti Suzuki India Limited has signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MoC&I), to drive and support technology-driven solutions in automobile manufacturing and mobility space.
Empowering Startups through Collaboration:
Participation :As part of the MoU, startups recognised by DPIIT under the ‘Startup India’ initiative will be able to participate in Maruti Suzuki’s led innovation programmes.
Benefits: Selected startups will benefit from expert mentorship, industry insights, and use of the extensive network and infrastructure of the company as a testbed for validating their solutions.
Opportunities:This strategic partnership offers a platform to startups to connect with incubators, accelerators, and investors to showcase their innovations.

MoHUA Launches Drain Cleaning and Safety Drives under SABB Campaign
On July 23, 2025, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) launched a large-scale drain cleaning and safety campaign titled ‘Safai Apnao, Bimaari Bhagao (SABB),’ running from July 1 to 31, 2025, as a key initiative ahead of the monsoon season.
Campaign Objective:
This initiative is part of Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban(SBM-U) 2.0 and seeks to engage citizens and local authorities in creating a cleaner, healthier urban environment throughout the monsoon season.
National Movement:
The campaign has evolved into a nationwide movement, emphasizing the importance of the six Swachhata Mantras: clean hands, homes, neighborhoods, toilets, drains, and public spaces.
State-level initiatives:
In Bihar: The Patnan Municipal Corporation (PMC) has introduced innovative ‘Manhold Ambulances’, specifically designed vehicles for faster, on-site manhole repairs.
In Delhi: The Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) launched initiatives such as ‘Pinkathon’, a walkathon led by 400 National Caded Corps (NCC) girl cadets.
In Maharashtra: Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC), in collaboration with Dnyandeep Seva Mandal High School, organized a Swachhata rally, with participants of over 600 students, teachers, parents, and citizens.
In Telangana: Several initiatives including, desilting of drains, door-to-door awareness drives on waste segregation were undertaken.

BEML Limited Secured Rs 293.81 Crore Defence Order for 150 Indigenous HMVs
In July 2025, Bengaluru (Karnataka)-based BEML Limited, a ‘Schedule A’ Central Public Sector Enterprise (CPSE) under the Ministry of Defence (MoD), received an order worth Rs 293.81 crore from MoD for the supply of 150 indigenously designed High Mobility Vehicles (HMVs) 6×6 (six wheels, all six of which are driven).
About the Defence Vehicle Deployment:
Objective: The indigenously designed HMVs will be deployed to strengthen the logistic support capabilities of the Indian Armed Forces, particularly in remote and inaccessible regions.
Operational Efficiency: These HMVs are indigenously designed and developed by BEML Limited to ensure operational efficiency in extreme terrains, high altitudes, and diverse climatic conditions.
Manufacturing Units: Primary manufacturing will be carried out at BEML’s Palakkad (Kerala) and Mysore (Karnataka) facilities.
Key Features: The HMVs are equipped with:

• Independent Suspension System
• High-Power Air-Cooled Engine
• Central Tyre Inflation System (CTIS)
• Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
• Backbone Tube Chassis Design

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Henley Passport Index July 2025: India Climbs to 77th Rank;  Singapore ToppedOn July 22, 2025, Henley & Partners, a British consultancy specializing in investment migration, released the July edition of Henley Passport Index 2025 Global Ranking.  As per the index, India has recorded the largest jump, by climbing 8 places to 77th from 85 in January 2025 edition. With visa-free access to 59 destinations, India now shares its rank with countries, including Burkina Faso, Senegal, and Cote d’Ivoire.

• Singapore has topped the index as the most powerful passport, offering visa-free access to 193 out of 227 global destinations, followed by Japan and South Korea, which share the second position.

Global Ranking: 
Top 3: Singapore (first) and Japan (second) have retained their positions as on the January 2025 edition, while South Korea has climbed one spot from third to second place, indicating the strong progress of Asian countries globally.

• Seven European Union (EU) nations, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Spain, jointly hold the 3rd position in the index.

Other top 10: The passports of seven countries of the EU share 4th place, including Austria, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal and Sweden, with visa-free access to 188 destinations.

• Greece, New Zealand, Switzerland with 187 countries at 5th place;
• United Kingdom (UK) (185 countries) at 6th; Australia, Czechia, Hungary, Malta, and Poland (185 countries) are ranked 7th;
• Canada, Estonia, United Arab Emirates (UAE) (184) at 8th place ; Croatia, Latvia, Slovakia, and Slovenia (183) at 9th;
• Iceland, Lithuania, and the United States of America (USA) at 10th place with access to 182 destinations.

>>Read Full News

UNSC adopts resolution on peaceful settlement of international disputes unanimously
On July 22, 2025, the United Nations Security Council (UNSC), under the presidency of Pakistan, chaired by Ishaq Dar, Foreign Minister (FM) of Pakistan, unanimously adopted Resolution 2788 (2025) titled “Pacific Settlement of Disputes,” which aims to strengthen mechanisms for the peaceful settlement of international disputes.

• The resolution passed with full support from all 15 member states of the UNSC. 

Key Provisions:
Pacific Settlement Tools: The resolution urges all member states to utilize mechanisms under Article 33 of the UN Charter (Chapter VI), including negotiation, mediation, arbitration, judicial settlement, and other peaceful means.
Regional Cooperation: Calls for enhanced collaboration between the UN and regional and sub-regional organizations in promoting peaceful dispute settlement.

BANKING & FINANCE

PayPal to Launch PayPal World, Partners with NIPL and Others
On 23 July 2025, PayPal, the United States of America (USA) based global payment firm, announced a partnership with India’s National Payment Corporation of India (NPCI) International Payments Limited (NIPL) and others, to launch ‘PayPal World’, a new cross-border payments platform.
About ‘PayPal World’:
Partnerships: In the initial phase, it has established collaborations with 4 international payment service providers which includes

• NIPL, operator of India’s UPI.
• Mercado Pago, Brazil.
• Tenpay Global (Weixin Pay), China
• Venmo, a subsidiary of PayPal

Global UPI Acceptance: Indian users can leverage the Unified Payments Interface (UPI) to pay at international online merchants that accept PayPal.
Consumer Convenience and launch: Supports local payment systems, digital wallets, and currencies for international transactions.
Streamlined Merchant Integration: Merchants gain access to a wider customer base without integrating multiple payment providers, potentially transforming cross-border commerce.
Technology: Built on a cloud-native architecture ensuring low latency and high availability worldwide to support dynamic payment buttons and stablecoins.

NUCFDC Signs MoU with IIA India to Enhance Governance and Internal Audit Standards in UCBs
On July 23, 2025, the National Urban Cooperative Finance and Development Corporation Limited (NUCFDC), Ministry of Cooperation (MoC), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Institute of Internal Auditors India (IIA India), to strengthen the internal audit and governance in Urban Cooperative Banks (UCBs).

• The MoU was signed by Prabhat Chaturvedi, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of NUCFDC, and K.V. Mukundan, CEO of IIA India in Mumbai, Maharashtra.

MoU for Strengthening Governance in UCBs:
Strategic Focus: The MoU focuses on adoption of international audit standards, strengthening internal control systems, and enhancing professional capabilities of internal auditors and senior management in UCBs.
Role of the Parties: Under the MoU, IIA India will provide support to improve governance frameworks within UCBs.

• It will provide access to its global resources such as Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in audit, training modules, and webinars.
• NUCFDC will help UCBs to adopt robust governance models.

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

ADB Lowers India’s FY25 GDP Growth Forecast to 6.5%In July 2025, the Manila, Philippines based Asian Development Bank (ADB) released its report- “Asian Development Outlook (ADO) July 2025: Slower growth amid tariffs and uncertainty”. The report has lowered India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth forecast for Financial Year 2024-25 (FY25) to 6.5%, from its previous estimate of 6.7%.
Key Highlights:
 India Specific: India’s GDP growth is expected to improve to 6.7% in FY26 lower then previous estimation of 6.8%. The baseline expectations of lower crude oil prices will also support economic activity in FY25 and FY26.

• The ADB also revised the inflation forecast for India to 3.8% in 2025 from 4.3% in previous forecast.

Reason: The downgrade is primarily due to the impact of United States of America’s (USA) baseline tariffs and associated policy uncertainty.

• In addition to the effects of lower global growth and the direct impact of additional US tariffs on Indian exports, heightened policy uncertainty may affect investment flows too.

Positive Aspect: Despite the downgrade, India continues to be one of the fastest growing major economies globally. The country’s economic activity remains robust, driven by strong domestic consumption, revival in rural demand, and growth in the services and agriculture sectors.
Other Projections (Region): Developing Asia’s growth forecast downgraded to 4.7% in 2025 and 4.6% in 2026.

• The disinflation in this region is expected to continue, with headline inflation forecast to ease to 2.0% in 2025 and 2.1% in 2026.
• The growth forecast for East Asia in 2025 is revised down, to 4.3%, and to 5.9% in South Asia, while the 2026 growth forecasts remain 4.0% and 6.2%, respectively.

About Asian Development Bank (ADB):
President – Masato Kanda (Japan)
Headquarters – Manila, the Philippines
Member Nations – 69 (49 member nations are from Asia-Pacific region)
Established – 1966

Ind-Ra Lowered India’s FY26 GDP Growth Forecast by 30 bps, to 6.3%
In July 2025, India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra), a wholly-owned subsidiary of Fitch Group, released has lowered India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) forecast by 30 basis points (bps) to 6.3% for Financial Year 2025-26 (FY26), from its previous estimate of 6.6% announced in December 2024.
Key Economic Indicators & Outlook:
Headwinds: The agency has outlined major headwinds like: uncertain global scenario from the unilateral tariff hikes by the Government of the United States of America (USA) for all countries and weaker-than-investment climate.
Tailwinds:It also highlighted major tailwinds like: monetary easing, faster-than-expected inflation decline, and likely above-normal rainfall in 2025. The combined effect of these tailwinds will minimize the impact of strong headwinds.
Inflation Outlook: It has revised its retail inflation forecast for FY26 to 3%, down from 4.3% earlier. This comes as Consumer Price Index (CPI)-based inflation dropped to 2.1% in June 2025, remaining below the Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI’s) 4% target.
Private Consumption Growth: The agency has further projected Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE) to grow at 6.9% Year-on-Year (Y-o-Y) in FY26, due to the decline in retail inflation.
Investment Demand :However, it also projected that investment demand i.e. Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), to grow 6.7% in FY26 compared to its previous estimate of 7.2%.

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

GoI Appoints Ajay Seth as the IRDAI’s New Chairman for 3 Years
On July 24, 2025, the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi, approved the appointment of Ajay Seth as the new Chairman of theInsurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI). His term will be 3 years or until he attains 65 years of age, or until further orders, whichever is earlier
Appointment details:
Vacancy:The appointment follows the vacancy created in March 2025 after the tenure completion of Debasish Panda, the former Chairman of the IRDAI.
Role of FSRASC: The Financial Sector Regulatory Appointments Search Committee (FSRASC), headed by the Cabinet Secretary, is responsible for shortlisting eligible candidates for the post.
Final Approval Authority: As per FSRASC’s recommendation to the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC), chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, final approval is made.
About Ajay Seth:
Service Background: Ajay Seth is a 1987-batch Indian Administrative Service (IAS) officer from the Karnataka cadre.
Tenure as DEA Secretary: He recently retired in June 2025 after completing a four-year tenure (2021-June 2025) as Secretary, Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) under the Ministry of Finance (MoF), Government of India (GoI).

• In March 2025, he was given an additional charge as Revenue Secretary after Tuhin Kanta Pandey assumed the role of Chairman of the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI).

Expertise in Finance and Development: He has wide-ranging expertise in public finance, taxation, budgeting, foreign investment, project appraisal, public-private partnerships (PPP), and development financing.
Other Exposures: He has 33 years of experience in finance and taxation, serving in social sector administration, urban transport, and infrastructure development across roles in the Government of Karnataka, GoI, and the Asian Development Bank (ADB).
Award: PM’s Award for Excellence in Public Administration (2013).
About Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI):
IRDAI is a statutory body functioning under the Ministry of Finance(MoF), Government of India(GoI).
Headquarters: Hyderabad, Telangana
Established: 1999

Vaishali Nigam Sinha Elected as President of UNGCNI
In July 2025, Vaishali Nigam Sinha, Co-Founder and Chairperson – Sustainability, ReNew Private Limited, was elected as the President of the United Nations Global Compact Network India (UNGCNI) for the 2025–2027 term, becoming the first private sector leader in over two decades to head the Indian arm of the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC).
Objectives Under Her Leadership
She was elected as part of a newly formed 12-member governing council  for the 2025–2027 term. Under Vaishali Nigam Sinha’s leadership, the Governing Council will:

• Promote the adoption of the “Forward Faster” initiative, a global UNGC campaign encouraging members to fast-track progress on key sustainable development goals (SDG) targets.
• Expand UNGCNI’s initiatives in gender equality, climate action, water resilience, and the circular economy.

About UNGCNI and the Governing Council: UNGCNI is the Indian local network of the UNGC, a UN-led initiative to promote responsible business practices.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

GSL Launched India’s 2nd Indigenous Pollution Control Vessel ‘Samudra Prachet’ for ICG in Goa
On July 23, 2025, Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL), an Indian Defence Public Sector Undertaking (DPSU),has launched ‘Samudra Prachet’, the second indigenously designed Pollution Control Vessel (PCV) for the Indian Coast Guard (ICG) during a special ceremony held at its headquarters in Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa.

• This vessel was ceremoniously launched by Guest of Honour Priya Paramesh, in the presence of Paramesh Sivamani, Chief Guest Director General ICG (DGICG).

About Samudra Prachet:
Purpose: It is fitted with state-of-the-art Response Equipment which will help ICG in quick and effective response to any oil spill in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ).
Dimensions: The vessel has a length of 114.5 metres (m), a breadth of 16.5 m, and a displacement of 4,170 tonnes.
Key Functions: The vessel will be manned by 14 officers and 115 sailors, equipped with two side-sweeping arms which will help in collecting oil spills while underway, as well as an advanced radar system for detecting oil slicks.

• It is engineered to recover oil across the full viscosity spectrum, pump in contaminated water, analyze and separate pollutants, and store recovered oil in dedicated onboard tanks.

Indigenous Contribution: The project with 72% local content, has significantly contributed to India’s capability-building, employment generation, and skills enhancement, through active engagement of the local industry and Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs).
Background: Samudra Pratap, the 1st PCV was launched on August 29, 2024 and is expected to be delivered soon.
About Goa Shipyard Limited (GSL):
Chairman & Managing Director (CMD)- Brajesh Kumar Upadhyay
Headquarters- Vasco-Da-Gama, Goa
Established- 1957

NASA Launched TRACERS Mission to Study Earth’s Magnetic Shield
In July 2025, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) launched its new mission named ‘Tandem Reconnection and Cusp Electrodynamics Reconnaissance Satellites (TRACERS)’, which comprises a pair of twin satellites that will study how Earth’s magnetic shield (magnetosphere), protects our planet from the Sun called solar wind.

• The spacecraft TRACERS was lifted off aboard SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket from Space Launch Complex 4 East at Vandenberg Space Force Base in California, the United States of America (USA).

Supervision of Mission: The mission is led by David Miles at the University of Iowa (UI) with support from the Southwest Research Institute in San Antonio, Texas.
Designed: The spacecraft for the mission was designed by Boeing Company (formerly known as Millennium Space Systems).
Function of twin satellites: The twin satellites will fly in tandem, just 10 seconds (s) apart and will collect over 3,000 measurements during their one-year mission.
Other NASA’s missions: Apart from TRACERS, the Falcon 9 rocket carried and successfully deployed 3 more NASA missions namely, Athena EPIC (Economical Payload Integration Cost) Small Sat, Polylingual Experimental Terminal (PExT) technology demonstration and Relativistic Electron Atmospheric Loss (REAL) Cub Sat.
About National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA):
Acting Administrator- Sean Patrick Duffy
Headquarters- Washington DC, the United States of America (USA)
Established- 1958
>>Read Full News

OBITUARY

Veteran Theatre Director and Padma Shri Awardee Ratan Thiyam Passed AwayOn July 23, 2025, Ratan Thiyan, a renowned theatre Director and Padma Shri Awardee, passed away at the age of 77 years in Imphal, Manipur.

• In 1989, he was conferred Padma Shri, India’s fourth highest civilian award, in recognition of his contribution to the field of Arts.

About Ratan Thiyam:
Birth: Ratan Thiyam was born on January 20, 1948, in Nabadwip, West Bengal (WB).
Career : In the early stage of his career, in 1976, he established the Chorus Repertory Theatre, which became a nationwide hub for experimenting.

• He served as the Director of the National School of Drama (NSD) from 1987 to 1988, of which he was appointed as Chairperson from 2013 to 2017.

Theatre Movement: He pioneered the Theatre of Roots Movement during the 1960s and 1970s to create a unique theatrical language by integrating Indian classical, folk, and traditional Indian performance forms such as Kathakali, Yakshaganam, and Chhau.
Major Works: He is known for his plays, including, Leima Yenlingai (1980) which addresses the transformation of corruption into a religious terror, Urubhangam (1981), adapted from the Sanskrit play by Bhasa, which focuses on tragic story of Duryodhana, a prominent character in Hindu Mythology, Mahabharata, Andhayug (1981), inspired from Hindi play based on the aftermath of Mahabharata war.

• His other works include Chakravyuha (1984), Uttar Priyadarshi (1996) and Ritusamharam (2002).

National Recognition: In 1987, he received the Sangeet Natak Akademi Award in 1987 and Kalidas Samman Award by Government of Madhya Pradesh (MP) in 1997.

• In 2012, he was conferred the Sangeet Natak Akademi Fellowship (also called as Akademi Ratna), a highest honour by the Sangeet Akademi, for his lifetime contribution to Indian theatre.

International Recognition: His plays were staged at international festivals in various countries such as Germany, France, Japan, United States of America (USA), United Kingdom (UK), Canada, and Southeast Asia.

IMPORTANT DAYS

Income Tax Day 2025 – July 24

Income Tax Day, also known as Aaykar Diwas, is annually observed across India on 24 July to commemorate the introduction of Income Tax (IT) in India in 1860 by Sir James Wilson.

• The day highlights the evolution of India’s tax system, its role in national development, and the contributions of Income Tax Department (ITD) employees.
• 24 July 2025 marks the 166th anniversary of IT Day.

Evolution of the Income Tax (IT) System in India:
Origin: The IT system was first introduced in 1860 by Sir James Wilson, the first Finance Member of the British India Council, to address the financial crisis following the First War of Independence (1857).
First Structured Law: This initial measure laid the groundwork for the Income-tax Act of 1922, which established a structured and centralised tax administration in India by formalising various IT authorities.
Framework :The Central Board of Revenue Act, 1924, institutionalised the framework further by appointing Commissioners of IT across provinces.

• The Income Tax Act, 1961, enacted by the Parliament of India, replaced the 1922 Act and continues to serve as the comprehensive legal framework for direct taxation in India.
• Technological reforms in tax administration began with computerisation in 1981, followed by the launch of the Centralised Processing Centre (CPC) in Bengaluru(Karnataka) in 2009 to streamline return processing and improve efficiency.

>>Read Full News

STATE NEWS

Maharashtra Launches ‘Krishi Samruddhi’ Scheme to Empower Farmers
On 23 July 2025, the Government of Maharashtra announced a new scheme, ‘Krishi Samruddhi’, to be implemented by Maharashtra’s Agriculture Department with a total budget of Rs. 25000 over the next 5 years, aiming to empower farmers and promote climate-resilient, sustainable farming.
About Krishi Samruddhi scheme:
Farmer Empowerment: It aims to empower farmers by providing financial assistance for technology adoption, soil health improvement, water-use efficiency, and post-harvest value addition, and providing training and extension services for best practices.
Sustainable Farming Practices: It helps in Climate-resilient techniques and introduces cost-effective methods to conserve resources and reduce environmental impact.
Investment & Infrastructure Development: This includes boosting capital investment in the agriculture sector by establishing modern infrastructure related to agriculture to strengthen rural connectivity and market access.
Crop Diversification: It supports alternate high-value crops to lower risk and upgrade processing, packaging, and market linkages to increase farmer margins.
Agro-Technology Adoption: It promotes the adoption of agro technologies suitable for different climatic conditions.

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