Current Affairs 24 September 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of PM Narendra Modi’s Visit to Arunachal Pradesh & Tripura on September 22, 2025On September 22, 2025, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi visited Arunachal Pradesh (AR) and Tripura to lay foundation stone and inaugurate multiple development projects worth more than Rs.5,100 crores, focusing on infrastructure development, economic reforms, and cultural heritage preservation.
In Arunachal Pradesh:
Hydropower Projects: Laid foundation stone of two major hydropower projects worth Rs.3,700 crores in Itanagar, AR.Both projects are to be developed jointly by the Arunachal Pradesh government and North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited (NEEPCO) on the Yarjep River.

• Heo Hydro Electric Project with the capacity of 240 Megawatt (MW), aimed at generating Renewable Energy (RE) to support the power needs in the region.
•  Tato-I Hydro Electric Project, with the capacity of 186 MW, designed to enhance energy security and support local development.

Tawang Convention Centre: Laid foundation stone of Tawang Convention Centre in Tawang (AR). It is located at an altitude of over 9,820 feet, with the capacity to host 1,500 delegates, to promote tourism and cultural heritage, host national and international conferences, cultural festivals, and exhibitions.
In Tripura:
Tripura Sundari Temple: PM Modi inaugurated the redeveloped Tripura Sundari Temple at Udaipur in Gomati, Tripura, under the Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual Heritage Augmentation Drive (PRASAD) scheme. It is a 524-year-old and one of the 51 ‘Shakti Peethas’ temple, spanning across 6,784 square metres (sq.m).
>>Read Full News

CAG releases states Finances 2022-23 report: 16 states with revenue surplus recorded.In September 2025, the Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) of India released its report titled “State Finances – 2022-23: A Decadal Analysis,” which noted that in Financial Year 2022-23 (FY23), 16 States recorded a revenue surplus, while 12 States reported a revenue deficit.
Revenue Highlights
Revenue Receipts: During FY23, the total revenue receipts of the 28 States was Rs.35,13,095 crore (cr) which was 22.96% of their combined GSDP (Gross State Domestic Product) of Rs.2,59,57,705 cr.
The following is the composition of revenue receipts:

• States’ Own Tax Revenue (SOTR) constituted 48%.
• Union Taxes constituted 27%.
• Central grants constituted 17%.
• States’ Non-Tax Revenue (SNTR) constituted 7.80%.

Grants: The total Finance Commission (FC) grants under various categories, including certain grants for health sector, was Rs.1,72,849 cr.
The largest share of the total, about 50%, was revenue deficit grants, followed by 26% Panchayati Raj Institution (PRI) grants, 11% Urban Local Bodies (ULB) Grants, 10% State Disaster Response Fund (SDRF) and 1% State Disaster Mitigation Fund (SDMF).
>>Read Full News

Union Minister Bhupender Yadav Presides Over 51st Foundation Day of CPCB in Delhi
On 22 September 2025, Union Minister Bhupender Yadav, Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC), presided over the 51st Foundation Day of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) at Parivesh Bhawan in New Delhi, Delhi.

Highlights of 51st Foundation Day of CPCB:
New Infrastructure and Initiatives: CPCB is strengthening its infrastructure with a new headquarters in New Delhi and advanced regional laboratories in Pune and Shillong, equipped to monitor 70 and 62 environmental parameters respectively, supporting comprehensive monitoring across multiple states.
SAMEER 2.0 App: The upgraded SAMEER 2.0 mobile application (app) for air quality monitoring, available on Android and Apple internet Operating System (Apple iOS), offers an improved interface, personalized alerts, location-based services, and enhanced citizen engagement.
Publications: CPCB released key publications, including the 2025 Technical Report on Polluted River Stretches and a manual on identifying water body pollution using freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates in India.
Capacity Building: CPCB is building the capacity of State Pollution Control Boards and agencies by integrating social science with science and technology to drive behavioral change.

• As part of workforce expansion, 13 new professionals have been recruited to strengthen organizational capabilities.

Reforms: The Jan Vishwas Act, 2023, and the Environment Audit Rules, 2025, aim to simplify compliance by decriminalizing certain provisions and introducing a robust framework for environmental audits.

MoD and MoC Signed MoU for Stitched Ship Project INSV Kaundinya
In September 2025, the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and the Ministry of Culture (MoC) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) for the Stitched Ship Project – Indian Naval Sailing Vessel (INSV) Kaundinya to revive India’s ancient maritime craftsmanship and celebrate its seafaring heritage.

About INSV Kaundinya:
Background: The project highlights India’s maritime legacy, commemorating Kaundinya, the first known Indian mariner to reach Southeast Asia, who, with Queen Soma, founded the region’s first Indianized kingdom in present-day Cambodia and Southern Vietnam.
Construction Technique: It is built using the centuries-old “stitched ship” technique with coconut fibre, coir rope, natural resins, and cotton sails, featuring main, mizzen, and bowsprit masts, square sails, steering oars, trailing oars, and a flexible hull that reflect historical navigation methods.
Cultural Symbolism: It draws cultural inspiration from a 5th-century Ajanta painting, with its sails and bow adorned with motifs like the Gandaberunda emblem, Simha Yali, and a Harappan-style stone anchor, reflecting India’s rich historical and artistic heritage.
Operations and Maiden Voyage: The Indian Navy (IN) manages INSV Kaundinya’s maintenance, crewing, and operations, with its maiden voyage in 2025 to Oman retracing ancient Indian Ocean trade and cultural routes.

MoTA, UN Launches Adi Yuva Fellowship & Adi Karmayogi Volunteers Programme 
On September 22, 2025, Ministry of Tribal Affairs (MoTA), in partnership with the United Nations (UN) in India, launched the Adi Yuva Fellowship and the Adi Karmayogi Volunteers Programme under the ‘Adi Karmayogi Abhiyan’, a flagship initiative envisioned as the world’s largest tribal grassroots leadership movement.

Adi Yuva Fellowship:
Duration: Supported by UN India, it is a first-of-its-kind 12-month paid Fellowship, designed to empower tribal youths through structured learning, mentorship, and career development.
Allowances: The selected tribal youth will undertake a, receiving a monthly allowance, health & life insurance, with access to high-quality UN and commercial learning platforms.

• The first batch of 16 fellows will be selected and placed with UN agencies at the national, state, and district levels.

Alignment: It aligns with national skill and employment schemes such as Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana 4.0 (PMKVY 4.0), National Apprenticeship Programme Scheme (NAPS), and Pradhan Mantri Viksit Bharat Rozgar Yojana (PM-VBRY).
Adi Karmayogi Volunteers Programme: Supported by United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), it has deployed 82 volunteers in 13 districts of Madhya Pradesh (MP) and Rajasthan for two months, to support Village Vision 2030 planning, awareness drives, outreach, and improved access to schemes and services.

ICAR Launches ‘Maitri 2.0’ to Enhance Agricultural Innovation
On September 22, 2025, the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare (MoA&FW), launched the 2nd edition of Multi-Agency Agritech Innovation and Technology Research Incubation (MAITRI), a Brazil-India Cross-Incubation Programme, in New Delhi, Delhi.

About Maitri 2.0:
Inauguration: The programme was inaugurated by Dr. M.L. Jat, Secretary, Department of Agricultural Research & Education (DARE), MoA&FW, & Director-General (DG), ICAR; and Kenneth Nobrega, Ambassador of Brazil to India along with senior officials and representatives from leading Brazilian research and innovation institutions.
Aim: It is a two-way learning platform for innovators, aimed to foster co-creation, knowledge exchange, and joint innovation between startups and institutions from India and Brazil.
Focus: The five-day event (till 26 September 2025) combines workshops, panels, and networking to strengthen incubator linkages, promote co-incubation, and foster sustainable agriculture, digital innovation, and resilient food systems in India–Brazil agritech collaboration.
Background: The first edition of Maitri was launched in 2019 in collaboration with the Embassy of Brazil and ICAR–Indian Institute of Millets Research(IIMR).

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

2025 edition of CSAR held in Pretoria, South AfricaThe 2025 edition of Chief Science Advisers’ Roundtable (CSAR), convened under the South Africa’s Group-20 (G20) Presidency, was held in Pretoria, South Africa (SA) from September 21 to 22, 2025.

• The two-day conference was held under the theme ‘Equity-based Science, Technology and Innovation for Inclusive Human Development and Global Sustainability’.
• The Indian delegation, led by Prof. Ajay Kumar Sood, Principal Scientific Advisor (PSA), and including Dr. Parvinder Maini, Scientific Secretary, Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser (OPSA), and Dr. B. Chagun Basha, Chief Policy Adviser, OPSA, participated at the G20-CSAR 2025.

About 2025 G20 CSAR:
Hosted by: The G20 CSAR 2025 was hosted by South Africa’s Department of Science, Technology and Innovation (DSTI) in collaboration with its entity, the National Advisory Council on Innovation (NACI).
Chair: The G20 CSAR 2025 roundtable was chaired by Anneline Morgan, acting Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of NACI.
Key Outcome: The main highlight of the roundtable was the adoption of the Outcome Statement of G20-CSAR 2025.
Other Key Highlights: India’s PSA Prof. Sood joined a G20-CSAR panel on developing STI advisory platforms and capacity-building programs for Africa and developing countries, focusing on STI mechanisms across nations and organizations.

• He also participated in the Ministerial Panel on ‘AI for Social Impact and Public Policy’ at the MOST Forum 2025.

>>Read Full News

CSIR-NIScPR Virtually Participates in Science Summit 2025 at 80th UNGA held in New York, USA
In September 2025, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR)- National Institute of Science Communication and Policy Research (NIScPR) virtually participated in the Science Summit 2025 at the 80th United Nations General Assembly (SSUNGA80) held in New York, the United States of America (USA).

• The summit is held on the theme “Women and Girls in Science: Driving Gender-Inclusive Innovation, Gender Equality, and Breaking Barriers,” with CSIR serving as a case study.

About SSUNGA80:
Session 1: CSIR-NIScPR conducted the session titled “Driving Gender-Inclusive Innovation, Gender Equality, and Breaking Barriers-CSIR Case Study” under the theme “CSIR for 5C: Connect, Collaborate, Converge and Convert (5C) for Global Sustainable Development”.

• The session, chaired by Dr. Ranjana Agarwal, Outstanding Scientist, CSIR, focused on presentations, case studies, and discussions.

Focus: The session focused on Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Gender Equality (SDG 5), Decent Work and Economic Growth (SDG 8), Reduced Inequality (SDG 10), and Partnerships for the Goals (SDG 17).
Session 2: The second session of the summit was a panel discussion titled Science Technology Engineering, and Mathematics “(STEM) For a Changing World”.

• It was chaired by Dr. Akhilesh Gupta, Former Senior Adviser, Department of Science and Technology (DST),Ministry of Science & Technology(MoS&T).
• Globally, women make up 35% of professionals in STEM fields.

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI cancels Registration Certificate of Datta Finance and Trading
On September 22, 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has cancelled the Certification of Registration (CoR) of Datta Finance and Trading Private Limited, a Non-Financial Banking Company (NBFC), due to its irregular lending processes

• Following cancellation of the CoR, the company is no longer permitted to carry on NBFC business.

Reason of Cancellation:
Cause: The company has violated guidelines on code of conduct in outsourcing of financial services in its digital lending operations.
Impact: It caused trouble in sourcing of customers, conducting their due diligence, disbursement of loans, servicing of loans, recovery of loans granted as well as Know Your Customer(KYC) verification to the service provider
Service Providing Apps: KinCash app & DoLoan app (Zest Top One Technology Pvt Ltd) and ZestCash app (company’s in-house app) serve as the service providers.

BoB Launches eRUPI P2P Digital Gifting on bob इ(e) Pay UPI
In September 2025, Bank of Baroda (BoB) launched an industry-first eRUPI Person-to-Person (P2P) Digital Gifting feature on its bob इ(e) Pay UPI (Unified Payments Interface) application, leveraging the National Payments Corporation of India (NPCI)’s eRUPI system.

• The launch marks a new milestone in India’s digital payments ecosystem by enabling customers to send purpose-specific prepaid digital vouchers.

About eRUPI P2P Digital Gifting feature:
Voucher Value: Issued for values ranging from Rs. 1 to Rs. 10,000. Users can issue an unlimited number of vouchers, subject to the prevailing daily UPI transaction limit.
Usage: Redeemable at UPI-enabled merchants across platforms
Security: Non-transferable and refunded if unredeemed within validity
Limit: Unlimited vouchers subject to daily UPI transaction cap
Category: Initially available for the Food category, the feature will expand to other services in phases.
Strategic Relevance: This innovation strengthens the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) vision of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) adoption and expands eRUPI from Business-to-Consumer (B2C) to P2P usage.

Quant MF Launches India’s First SIF with Equity Long-Short Fund
On September 17, 2025, Quant Mutual Fund (MF), managed by Quant Money Managers Limited (QMML), launched India’s first Equity Long-Short Specialised Investment Fund (SIF) named ‘QSIF Equity Long-Short Fund’.

About QSIF Equity Long-Short Fund: 
Strategy: It is an open-ended fund, designed for investors seeking to capitalize on both rising and falling markets. It follows a flexible strategy, investing in listed equities and related instruments without focusing on company size.

• It utilizes derivatives for limited short positions to boost returns and manage risks.

Investment: The New Fund Offer (NFO) is open from September 17, 2025 to October 1, 2025. The minimum investment amount is Rs.10 lakhs.
Benchmark & Fund Managers: The fund’s performance will be tracked against the ‘Nifty 500 Total Return Index’ and managed by Sandeep Tandon, Lokesh Garg, Sameer Kate, Ankit Pande, and Sanjeev Sharma.
SIF: It is a new category introduced by the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), allowing investors to access advanced investment strategies.

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

MoL&E releases All- India CPI values for Agricultural and Rural Labourers For August 2025
In September 2025, the Labour Bureau under the Ministry of Labour & Employment (MoL&E) released All- India Consumer Price Index (CPI) for Agricultural Labour (AL) and Rural Labour (RL) with the base year 2019=100 for the month of August 2025.

• These indices are based on data collected from a set of 787 sample villages across 34 States/Union Territories(UTs).

CPI & Inflation – August 2025:
CPI Index: In August 2025, the All-India CPI for AL rose by 0.76%, increasing from 135.32 in July 2025 to 136.34 in August 2025, while for Rural Labourers (RL), the CPI increased by 0.69%, rising from 135.66 in July 2025 to 136.60 in August 2025.
Food Index: In August 2025, the Food Index rose to 137.07 for AL, up 1.39 points from July, and to 137.38 for RL, up 1.29 points from the previous month.
Inflation Rate: The year-on-year inflation remains low as the rate for ALs and RLs tood at 1.07% and 1.26%, respectively, in August 2025.
Food Inflation Rate: The food inflation in August 2025 is at a negative rate and stood at -0.55% for AL and -0.28% for RL.

GRSE signs a USD 62.44 Million Deal with Carsten Render to build 4 Vessels
In September 2025, Garden Reach Ship holders & Engineers Ltd (GRSE) signed a USD 62.44 Million deal with Carsten Render Schiffsmakler und Reederei GmbH & Co., a Hamburg, Germany based company for construction of Four Hybrid Multi-Purpose Vessels, along with provision of Two additional Propulsion Vessels as per the contract. This latest deal builds upon the ongoing construction of a 7,500 DWT (Dead weight Tonnage) Multi-Purpose Vessel (MPV) at GRSE’s Kolkata, West Bengal facility, which marked the beginning of their collaboration

• The deal was signed by Commander (Cdr) Shantanu Bose, Indian Navy (IN) (Retired), Director (Shipbuilding), GRSE, and Thomas Rehder, Managing Director (MD), Carsten Rehder Schiffsmakler und Reederei

About the Vessels:
Started on: In April 2025, GRSE commenced steel cutting for the CORAL 7500 DWT MPV series, its first major international export order in the commercial vessel segment.
Contract Began on: The multi-purpose vehicle programme had started with an initial four-vessel contract in June 2024, followed by additional orders in September 2024 and December 2024 and March 2025, taking the tally to eight.
Measurements: The 120-metre-long and 17-metre-wide vessels will feature battery-assisted hybrid propulsion, improved fuel efficiency, and flexible cargo handling systems, aligning with International Maritime Organization (IMO) decarbonization targets.
Special Feature of the Vessel: A standout design feature is their capability to transport multiple large wind turbine blades on deck — a clear nod to the emerging logistics demands of the renewable energy sector.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

69th Ballon d’Or: Dembele Won in Men’s Category; Barcelona’s Bonmati Won Women’s title for 3rd Consecutive YearOn September 22 2025, the 69th edition of the Ballon d’Or (2025) award ceremony took place at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, France.

• Paris Saint-Germain (PSG) Forward Player, Ousmane Dembele has won the 2025 Men’s Ballon d’Or (Golden Ball Award), becoming the 6th Frenchman to win the award after Raymond Kopa (1958), Michel Platini (1983-85), Jean-Pierre Papin (1991), Zinedine Zidane (1998) and Karim Benzema (2022).
• Barcelona and Spain midfielder Aitana Bonmatí made history by winning the Women’s Ballon d’Or for the third consecutive year (2023–2025), becoming only the third footballer ever to achieve a three-peat after Michel Platini (1983–85) and Lionel Messi (2009–12).

Other Awardees:
Kopa Trophy: Barcelona’s Lamine Yamal, became the 1st player to clinch the Men’s Kopa Trophy twice.

• Barcelona Femeni’s Vicky Lopez, won the inaugural women’s Kopa Trophy against Michelle Agyemang.

Socrates Awards: This year’s Socrates Award was conferred to the Xana Foundation (Spain), instituted by Luis Enrique in the memory of his daughter to support children with life-threatening diseases.
Club of the Year: PSG and Arsenal won the Men’s and Women’s Clubs of the Year title, respectively.
>>Read Full News

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

PESB recommends B Sairam as next CMD of CIL
In September ,2025, the Public Enterprise Selection Board (PESB) panel recommended B Sairam as the next Chairman & Managing Director (CMD) of Coal India Limited (CIL), a Maharatna Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) under the Ministry of Coal.

• He will replace Polavarapu Mallikharjuna(P.M) Prasad who is set to superannuate on October 31, 2025.
• The appointment is pending final clearance from the Appointments Committee of the Cabinet (ACC).

About B Sai Ram:
Experience: : B. Sairam brings over 34 years of experience in the coal sector, with expertise in mine planning and expansion, operations, sustainable mining, logistics, digitization, and regulatory affairs.
Present Service: He serves as the CMD of Northern Coalfields Limited (NCL) since March 2024.
Previous Position: He served as Director (Technical) at Central Coalfields Limited (CCL) and Executive Director(ED) at Coal India Limited (CIL).

ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

Piramal Enterprises Completed Merger with Piramal Finance
Piramal Enterprises Limited (PEL) has completed its merger with Piramal Finance Limited (PFL), formerly Piramal Capital & Housing Finance Limited, following the approval for the Composite Scheme of Arrangement from the National Company Law Tribunal (NCLT), Mumbai, (Maharashtra) on September 10, 2025.

• September 23, 2025, is the record date when PEL shares will cease trading, and eligible shareholders will receive PFL shares on a 1:1 basis.

About the Merger:
Debt Securities: All debt securities issued by PEL will be transferred to PFL, while existing PFL debt securities will continue trading without interruption.
Listing & Trading: PFL will apply for stock exchange listing after allotment, with trading of the new shares commencing upon receipt of regulatory approvals.
Strategic Significance: The consolidation of all Piramal Group financial services under PFL streamlines lending and financing operations while enhancing investor visibility and transparency.
Regulatory Compliance: This move aligns with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI)’s scale-based Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC) framework, reclassifying PFL as the group’s sole NBFC–Investment and Credit Company (NBFC-ICC), with mandatory listing by 30th September 2025.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Zorawar Light Tank Developed by DRDO and L&T for Indian ArmyIn September 2025, India unveiled the ‘Zorawar Light Tank’, developed jointly by the Combat Vehicles Research and Development Establishment (CVRDE) of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Larsen & Toubro (L&T). The tank currently undergoing user trials by the Indian Army (IA).

• The tank is designed under Aatmanirbhar Bharat to enhance combat readiness along the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and provide a match to China’s Type-15 light tank in high-altitude and challenging terrain warfare.

Background:
Namesake: The tank is named after General Zorawar Singh, a 19th-century Dogra leader celebrated for his Himalayan conquests.
Development: The tank was designed and developed in under 24 months with manufacturing carried out at L&T’s Armoured Systems Complex, Hazira, Gujarat.
Initial order: 59 tanks, with possible future orders in the hundreds.
About Zorawar Light Tank:
Weight: It is a 25-tonne light tank with a 3-person crew and a high power-to-weight ratio (~30 hp/tonne), offering superior maneuverability across deserts, high-altitude regions, and rugged terrains.
Engine & Transportability: Powered by a Cummins VTA903E-T760 diesel engine (about 760 hp), with RENK HMPT-800 transmission. 

• Rapidly deployed using military aircraft like the C-17 Globemaster III and Chinook helicopters.

Maximum Speed: It can reach road speed up to about 70kilometers per hour(km/h).
Weapon Systems: Equipped with a 105 millimeter(mm) main gun, 7.62 mm co-axial gun, optional Anti-Tank Guided Missile (ATGM), and a 12.7 mm remote-controlled weapon station.

• It can also integrate a surveillance drone for real-time battlefield awareness.

Protection: Modular composite armour, an Active Protection System (APS) reported, low silhouette for reduced detectability, and features like smoke grenade launchers, laser warning receivers.
Technological Innovations: The tank incorporates several firsts in India’s tracked vehicle programme including,

• Composite rubber-band tracks with hydro-pneumatic suspension; Integrated auxiliary power unit for sustained operations; 3rd-generation ATGM capability with high-elevation enabled weapon systems; integrated situational awareness systems including drone-based surveillance.

Trail: Successfully tested in Nyoma, Ladakh at altitudes above 4,200 meters (m), including desert trials, high-altitude firing, and mobility tests.

• Induction is targeted around 2027

About Larsen & Toubro Limited (L&T):
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) & Managing Director (MD)– Sekharipuram Narayanan Subrahmanyan
Headquarter– Mumbai, Maharashtra

SPORTS

Team World Clinches Laver Cup 2025 Against Team Europe
The 8th Edition of the Laver Cup 2025, a men’s tennis tournament between Team Europe (Players from Europe) and Team World (Players from outside Europe), held at the Chase Center, in San Francisco, United States of America (USA) from September 19 to 21, 2025.

Tournament Highlights:
Victory: Team World won 15-9 over Team Europe to clinch the title, marking the team’s third title in four years.
Path to success: USA’s Taylor Fritz (World no. 12) defeated the Carlos Alcaraz (World no. 1) of Spain, and then defeating Germany’s Alexander Zverev (World no. 3) assured the team World’s tournament win.

• Australia’s Alex de Minaur contributed 7 points with singles and doubles victories.

Leadership: The win marked a successful debut for new Team World captain Andre Agassi (Former USA player).

• Yannick Noah (Former French Player) captained the Team Europe.

Note: The 2026 Laver Cup is scheduled to take place at the O2 Arena in London from September 25-27.

IMPORTANT DAYS

World Rose Day 2025 – September 22World Rose Day(WRD) or Day for the Welfare of Cancer Patients is observed annually on September 22 to honor cancer patients, survivors, and caregivers, symbolizing hope and compassion while raising awareness of their needs.

Background:
Origin: World Rose Day is observed in memory of Melinda Rose, a 12-year-old Canadian girl diagnosed with a rare blood cancer.
Inspiration: Despite her illness, she remained positive and inspired others through her writings before passing away in 1996.
Global Impact of Cancer in 2025:
Cancer Burden 2025: Cancer remains a leading cause of illness and death worldwide, with an estimated 20 million new cases and 9.7 million deaths projected in 2025.
Leading Cancer Types: The most common cancers worldwide are lung, breast, and colorectal. Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths, especially among men, while breast cancer is the most diagnosed among women.
Urgent Global Response: The World Health Organization (WHO) stresses the need for increased investment in prevention, screening, treatment, and palliative care to reduce the growing cancer burden and address disparities.
Future Projections: By 2050, global cancer cases are projected to exceed 35 million annually, with over 18 million deaths, representing nearly an 80% increase from current levels.
Cancer Scenario in India:
Rising Cancer Incidence: According to the ICMR-National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR-NCRP), India recorded an estimated 1,496,972 new cancer cases in 2023, up from 1,461,427 cases in 2022.

• The number of cancer cases is projected to increase to approximately 1.57 million by 2025.

Leading States : Uttar Pradesh(UP) tops the list with 215,931 cases, followed by Maharashtra with 124,584 cases, and West Bengal(WB) with 116,230 cases in 2023.

World Rhino Day 2025- September 22World Rhino Day is observed globally on 22 September every year to raise awareness about rhinoceros species (Rhinocerotidae) and emphasize the urgent need for their conservation.

• There are only 5 species of rhinos left: Two in Africa (black and white) and three in Asia (Indian, Javan, and Sumatran). Some are critically endangered, with fewer than 70 Javan rhinos remaining.

History:
Origin: World Rhino Day was initiated in 2010 by the Worldwide Fund for Nature (WWF) – South Africa.
Founders: World Rhino Day was initiated through the efforts of two dedicated women conservationists: Lisa Jane Campbell from Chishakwe Ranch, Zimbabwe, and Rhishja Cota-Larson from Saving Rhinos, United States of America (USA).
First Observance :The first official World Rhino Day was celebrated in 2011, and it has been observed annually on 22 September since then.
Status of Rhinos in 2025: 
Report: The ‘2025 State of the Rhino Report’ published by the International Rhino Foundation (IRF), indicates that rhino populations have remained stable, with no significant declines recorded over the past year.
Population Status: Rhino populations have stabilized at around 27,000 individuals globally.

• India is currently home to over 80% of the world’s Greater One-Horned Rhino population.

>>Read Full News

World Car-free Day 2025- September 22World Car-Free Day is celebrated globally on 22nd September to encourage people to avoid using cars for a day.

Background:
Origins: The idea of reducing car use began during the 1973 oil crisis and gained momentum after the 1994 “Accessible Cities” conference in Toledo, Spain.
Adoption: It was first adopted by Reykjavik (Iceland), La Rochelle (France), and Bath (United Kingdom, UK) , leading to the formation of the World Car Free Days Consortium in 1995.
National Campaigns: The first national-level car-free campaign was launched in Britain in 1997 by the Environmental Transport Association (ETA).
First Observance: In 1999, Europe hosted the first international Car-Free Day as a pilot project for the European Union’s “In Town Without My Car” campaign.

• This initiative later evolved into the annual European Mobility Week, observed from September 16–22 .

Date Selection: September 22 was chosen to coincide with the European Union (EU)-sponsored European Mobility Week.
Keyfacts:
Transport Emissions: Transport is the fastest-growing source of fossil-fuel  carbon dioxide, CO₂, a major driver of global warming.

• With ~1.47 billion cars worldwide, they emit ~3.5 gigatonnes(Gt) CO₂/year, accounting for 50% of transport CO₂ and 10% of total fossil CO₂. Road transport contributes ~20% of total Greenhouse Gases(GHGs).
• Passenger vehicles emit ~45% of CO₂, and if current trends continue, annual GHGs could rise 90% by 2050.

Road Safety: Road vehicles are also responsible for 1.19 million accidental deaths and 50 million injuries per year.
Initiatives: The United Nations(UN) Environment assists countries in tackling air pollution by promoting cleaner fuels, efficient vehicle technologies, and standards to phase out leaded gasoline.
India’s Transport Scenario: India, with the 3rd largest road network, has over 21 crore two-wheelers and 7 crore four-wheelers (~185 two-wheelers and 34 cars per 1,000 people).

• As the 5th largest car manufacturer, annual sales are projected to rise from 4.5 million to 10.5 million by 2030, increasing exposure to vehicular emissions. Vehicles emit ~290 gigagrams (Gg) PM2.5/year, contributing ~8% of India’s total GHGs.

STATE NEWS

Justice Pavankumar Bhimappa Bajanthri Appointed as CJ of Patna HC
On 21 September 2025, Justice Pavankumar Bhimappa Bajanthri was sworn in as the 46th Chief Justice (CJ) of the Patna High Court (HC), with the oath administered by Bihar Governor Arif Mohammad Khan at a ceremony held at Raj Bhavan, Patna, Bihar.

• He succeeds Justice Vipul Manubhai Pancholi, who was elevated to the Supreme Court on 29 August 2025.

About the Appointment:
Constitution: The appointment was made by the President of India, Droupadi Murmu, under Article 217(1) of the Constitution of India.
Collegium Recommendation: The Supreme Court (SC) Collegium, headed by Chief Justice of India (CJI) Bhushan Ramkrishna (B.R.) Gavai recommended his appointment on 11 September 2025.
About Justice Pavankumar Bhimappa Bajanthri: 
Early Career: He is a distinguished Indian judge with over 30 years of experience, having started his legal practice at the Karnataka High Court in 1990.
Judicial Career: He was appointed as an Additional Judge of the Karnataka HC in 2015, served in the Punjab and Haryana HC, returned to Karnataka in 2018, and was later transferred to the Patna HC, taking oath as a Judge there on October 20, 2021.
Acting CJ of Patna HC: Prior to his appointment as CJ of Patna HC, he has been serving as the Acting CJ of the Patna HC since August 27, 2025.

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