Current Affairs 21 April 2020

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs 21 April 2020, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2020 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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Top 20 Current Affairs of 21 April 2020

NATIONAL AFFAIRS

G20 Health Ministers Meeting held via video conference to control COVID-19; US $8bn required for containment

An international forum of Health Ministers of G20 countries was held on April 19, 2020, via Video Conference. From India, Minister of Health and Family Welfare Dr. Harsh Vardhan participated.Global Preparedness Monitoring Board (GPMB) estimated that, Over $8 billion  is required to combat the COVID-19 pandemic .

• The objective behind this meet was to discuss weaknesses in health systems that made the world vulnerable to the coronavirus outbreak to pursue unified efforts towards mitigation of COVID-19.

Efforts by Saudi Arabia as a Chair of G20 Presidency:
Already, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, as the holder of the G20 Presidency, has pledged US$500 million to relevant international organizations viz.

• US$150 million to the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness and Innovation (CEPI).
• US$150 million to The Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunizations (GAVI).
• US$200 million to other international and regional health.

Participants at video conference:
Apart from G20 nations,leaders from Spain, Singapore, Jordan, Switzerland as well as from international and regional organisations including the World Health Organization and the World Bank also participated.
About G20:
Members– Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan, Mexico,  ​Republic o​f Korea​,​ Russia, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, ​​​Turkey, United Kingdom (UK), United States (US), and European Union (EU)​. Spain is a permanent guest invitee to the G20 meetings.
Chairman– Saudi Arabian King Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (2020)

Centre formed high-level task force headed by Vinod Paul & K Vijay Raghavan for development of Covid-19 vaccine

In the wake of increasing death toll, the central government has constituted high level  task force for vaccine and drug testing for coronavirus disease (Covid-19) co-chaired by Vinod Paul, member NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Aayog, and Professor Krishnaswamy VijayRaghavan, principal scientific advisor to the government.

• The objective of the task force is to catalyze national and international efforts towards vaccine development to treat Covid-19.
• The task force members include Director General of Health Services, Dr. Rajiv Garg, Drug Controller General of India, Dr. VG Somani and representatives of Ayush (Ayurvedic, Yoga and Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy) ministry, Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), department of biotechnology, among others.

Key Responsibilities of Task Force:
–Department of biotechnology would act as a nodal agency for the development of the vaccine to fight COVID-19 and to provide government facilitation.
-It would also form clinical cohorts, which would focus on long-term follow up of the disease and its management.
-Bio-specimen collection will be done to form the basis for further drug and vaccine.
India has already announced its decision to participate in the World Health Organization (WHO)’s multi country’s solidarity trial for development of potential treatments for covid-19. It is an international randomised trial of additional treatments for the disease on admitted patients.

Uttar Pradesh becomes first state to geotag community kitchens

On April 19, 2020, Uttar Pradesh (UP) became the first state in the country to geotag its 7,368 community kitchens and community shelters across 75 districts which produce 12 lakh food packets a day, due to the sudden onset of COVID-19 lockdown.
Key Points:
i.The Yogi Adityanath State government has also tied up with Google to “Geo-map” for the location of all these establishments through the Google Maps app for ease of beneficiaries.
ii.Out of these 7,368 community kitchens, 668 are being run by NGOs (Non-Governmental Organisations), religious institutions and more than 2 crore food packets have been distributed in UP since March 25, 2020.
iii.Relief Commissioner Sanjay Goyal, added that the concept of relief camps and community kitchens is not new as every year, the DMs (District Magistrates) work out similar plans in areas affected by yearly droughts and floods.
iv.The IT (Information Technology )Department of the state approached the Remote Sensing Applications Centre (RSAC), Lucknow, due to the lack of information among the people regarding the location of shelter homes and community kitchens.
v.As a result, the location of all shelter homes and community kitchens in and around Aligarh, UP, have been integrated with Google Maps and anyone can access them by searching with the keyword ‘community kitchen’, followed by the district’s name.
About Uttar Pradesh (UP):
Capital– Lucknow.
Chief Minister (CM)– Yogi Adityanath.
Governor– Anandiben Patel.

DCGI clears ICMR plasma therapy trial in Covid-19 patients; 99 applications received

The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI), Dr. VG Somani has approved the clinical trial proposal for convalescent plasma therapy submitted by the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). Under this therapy, plasma from recovered Covid-19 individuals will be transfused into sick patients to check whether this therapy can be used as a treatment for the pandemic.

• In this regard, ICMR launched the call for the study titled “A Phase II, Open Label, Randomized Controlled Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Convalescent Plasma to Limit COVID-19 Associated Complications” and has received 99 applications from institutes expressing interest.
• ICMR will collaborate with eligible institutes from the applicants and will also fund the latter.

Key Points:
-As per trial protocol, plasma will be collected from recovered individuals if they are eligible to donate blood after 28 days of symptom-free period.
–Maharashtra has shown interest in trying this therapy.
-The United States Food and Drug Administration (US-FDA) has also approved the plasma therapy from patients recovered from Covid-19 for treatment of severe or life threatening Covid-19 infections.

Centre has amended FDI Policy, 2017 for curbing opportunistic takeovers

Government amends the extant FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) policy for curbing opportunistic takeovers/acquisitions of Indian companies from neighboring nations due to the current COVID-19 pandemic. In this regard, the Centre has amended para 3.1.1 of extant FDI policy as contained in Consolidated FDI Policy, 2017.
Amendments:
-As per amended 3.1.1(a) FDI proposals from countries sharing border with India will now be able to invest only with government approval. At present this restriction applies only to FDI from Bangladesh and Pakistan.
-As per amended 3.1.1(b) any change in beneficial ownership will also require government approval.
The above decision will take effect from the date of FEMA (Foreign Exchange Management Act) notification.
Click Here for Official Notification

MNRE urges states to set up renewable energy equipment parks

On April 18, 2020 The Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE) has urged states to set up Renewable Energy (RE) equipment manufacturing parks to meet domestic demand and make India a global manufacturing hub.
Key Points
i.The ministry has written to various state governments and various port authorities to identify 50-500 acres of land to set up such parks, where Tuticorin Port Trust, States of Madhya Pradesh and Odisha have already expressed their interest.
ii.The hubs will manufacture equipment like silicon ingots & wafers, solar cells & modules, wind equipment and ancillary items like back sheet, glass among others & will export equipment and services in the RE sector.
iii.Currently there are 10 Giga Watt (GW) of Wind equipment manufacturing capacity, then the solar Cells and modules India imports about 85 % from abroad.
iv.The 3 power & RE Sector’s Non-Banking Finance Company (NBFCs) namely Power Finance Corporation (PFC), Rural Electrification Corporation Limited (REC) and Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency Ltd (IREDA) has reduced their repayment charges to 2% to enhance the available funds for new projects in the sector.
v.IREDA has included a new Scheme for project specific funding to promote new RE projects in India.
vi.MNRE has set up a RE Industry Facilitation and Promotion Board to facilitate the investment in the sector & has strengthened the clauses in Power Purchase Agreements (PPAs) to boost investor confidence.
About MNRE:
Minister of State– Raj Kumar (RK) Singh

BANKING & FINANCE

Voice banking services on Amazon Alexa, Google Assistant launched: ICICI

On April 20, 2020 ICICI bank has launched voice assistance-based banking services on its
integrated artificial intelligence (AI) powered multi-channel chatbot iPal with Amazon Alexa and Google Assistant for its retail banking customers by which they can access a wide range of banking services like check balance, seek credit card details & ask queries through voice commands.
Key Points
i.The customers to access this need to download the Alexa/Google Assistant and link their ICICI Bank account through a secure 2 factor authentication process.
ii.It has introduced WhatsApp chat-based ICICI Stack on March 17 2020, to provide a continuous banking service for retail and business customers, it offers nearly 500 services that cover almost all banking requirements which includes digital account opening, loan solutions among others.
About ICICI:
Headquarters– Mumbai, Maharashtra
Managing Director (MD) & Chief Operating Officer (CEO)– Sandeep Bakhshi

RBI reduces FPI investment limits in G-secs for FY21; Rises for SDL 

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has reduced the investment limit for general category foreign portfolio investors’ (FPI) in central government securities (G-secs) to Rs 2.34 lakh crore for FY 20-21 from the existing limit of Rs 2.46 lakh crore.  The limits have been brought down by almost $1.5 billion to just above $31 billion.

• The long term FPI investment limits in G-secs have also been reduced to Rs 1.03 lakh crore from the prevailing limit of Rs 1.15 lakh crore, a reduction of almost $1.5 billion.
• On the other hand, RBI has increased the general category FPI investment limits in state development loans (SDL) by Rs 3,215 crore to Rs 64,415 crore for the first half of FY21. The limits will again rise by Rs 3,215 crore to Rs 67,630 crore for the second half of FY21.
• The limits for FPI investment in G-secs and SDLs remained unchanged at 6% and 2%, respectively, of outstanding stocks of securities for FY 20-21.

Reason behind decline in FPI limit for G-secs
FPIs are selling their G-secs continuously following the COVID-19 crisis, general category. FPI utilisation of investment limits in G-secs has fallen to 52.62% as on April 15 compared to over 75% at the beginning of 2020. In the last 19 consecutive sessions, FPIs have sold Indian bonds including both G-secs and corporate bonds worth $8.8 billion. So, in order to tackle this situation, the FPI limit for G-secs has decreased.
About FPI:
It is an investment by non-residents in Indian securities including shares, government bonds, corporate bonds, convertible securities, infrastructure securities etc. It should be noted that FPI does not provide direct control over the assets or the businesses.

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

Fitch cuts India’s FY21 GDP growth forecast to 1.8%

On April 20, 2020 Fitch Solutions has declined India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth for the Financial Year (FY) 2020-21 (April 2020 to March 2021) to 1.8% from 4.6% previously as they expect private consumption to contract against a previously weak expansion & the net exports will continue to drag heavily, due to the large-scale loss of income across the economy because of the impact of a worsening domestic outbreak of COVID-19.
Key Points
i.For China, it has revised to 1.1% from 2.6% previously & the real GDP contracts by 6.8% year over year(y-o-y)  in the 1st quarter of 2020.
ii.In the meantime, the targeted financial stimulus should see stable investment growth remain relatively flat, while strong government consumption will provide the majority support and prevent full year contraction by 2020.
About Fitch Solutions:
Parent organization– Fitch Ratings
Headquarters– New York, United States (US)
President– Brian Filanowski

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS      

Central Government forms 6 Inter-Ministerial Teams

On April 20, 2020 The central government under Section 35(1), 35(2)(a), 35(2)(e) and 35(2)(i) of the Disaster Management Act 2005 has formed 6 Inter-Ministerial Teams (IMCT), 2 each for West Bengal, Maharashtra and 1 each for Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan.
Objective
To make on-the-spot assessment of the situation and issue necessary directions to redressal of state authorities, to submit their report to the Central Government so as to fight and contain the spread of COVID-19….Click here to Read More

2 empowered committees formed to look into implementation of exit from lockdown

On April 16, 2020 2 empowered Committees are formed to look into the implementation of exits from lockdown by states to ensure that only areas designated as hotspots continue with the strict restrictions.
About the committees
1st Committee- To oversee the facilitating of supply chain and logistics management &  availability of necessary items such as food and medicines. It is headed by P Iyer, secretary of the department of drinking water and sanitation.
2nd Committee- For the purpose of public grievances & suggestions to look into any problems in concern with the exit from lockdown. It is headed by Amit Khare, secretary, ministry of human resource development.
Key Points
i.The central government has issued very clear guidelines & these should not be weakened by State,/Union Territories (UT) authorities.
ii.The control rooms in the department of commerce and DPIIT (Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade) will also be open for the industry who face any problems. States have also set up control rooms and are expected to closely monitor the opening of business establishments.

BSNL CMD P K Purwar takes additional charge as CMD MTNL

On April 15, 2020 Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL)’s Chairman and Managing Director (CMD) Pravin Kumar (PK) Purwar took additional charge as CMD of  Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) for 6 months or until further orders, whichever is earlier.
Key Points
i.The additional charge is entrusted with effect from April 13, 2020 by the government of India, Department of Telecom.
ii.In the last 6 years for the 3rd time he has been given the charge of CMD of MTNL.
iii.Purwar took charge as BSNL chairman on July 1 2019, Following the superannuation of Anupam Shrivastava.
iv.He is a 1990-batch Indian Post & Telecommunications (P&T) Accounts & Finance Service officer and will retire on June 30, 2025.
v.The cabinet approved the merger of the state-owned telecom companies BSNL and MTNL in October 2019 which  is likely to be completed in 18-24 months.
About BSNL:
Headquarters– New Delhi, India
Established– 15 September 2000.
About MTNL:
Headquarters– New Delhi, India
Established– 1 April 1986.
About Ministry of Communications:
Union Minister– Ravi Shankar Prasad
State Minister– Dhotre Sanjay Shamrao   

SC collegium names New Chief Justices for Bombay, Meghalaya & Orissa High courts

On April 19, 2020, The Supreme Court (SC) Collegium led by Chief Justice of India (CJI) Sharad Arvind Bobde has recommended the appointment of new Chief Justices for the Bombay, Orissa and Meghalaya High Courts (HC).

• In this regard, Justice Dipankar Datta, presently a judge at the Calcutta High Court, has been appointed to the post of Chief Justice of Bombay High Court (HC); Biswanath Somadder, presently a judge at the Allahabad High Court as Chief Justice of Meghalaya High Court; and Mohammad Rafiq, presently a judge at the Meghalaya High Court to Orissa High Court.

Key Points:
i.Justice Datta is the second senior-most justice in the Calcutta High Court & has been serving for 14 years. He replaces the current Chief Justice of the Bombay High Court Bhushan Dharmadhikari, who is retiring on 27 April,2020.
ii.Justice Somadder ,who worked as the judge of the Allahabad High Court, will replace Rafiq  who was the Chief Justice of the Meghalaya HC from November 2019.
iii.While, Justice Rafiq will replace Sanju Panda as Chief Justice of Orissa High Court.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Government launches online data pool to combat & contain COVID-19

On April 19, 2020 The Union government created & launched an online data pool on https://covidwarriors.gov.in. of operational healthcare professionals and volunteers for ground level administration at state, district or municipal levels along with contact details of the nodal officers so as to combat & contain COVID-19.

• A joint letter was sent by Shri Arun Kumar Panda, Secretary MSME and Chairman Empowered Group-4 on human resource and C Chandramouli, Secretary, Department of Personnel & Training (DoPT) to all Chief Secretaries.

Key Points
i.It includes healthcare professionals- doctors, AYUSH doctors, nurses & others; Volunteers- Nehru Yuva Kendra Sangathan (NYKs), National Cadet Corps (NCC), National Service Scheme (NSS), Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY), ex Servicemen among others & can be accessed through the data-base “Covid warriors“.
ii.The information is uploaded on a regularly updated dashboard, which is available for the use by various authorities to prepare Crisis Management/Contingency Plans based on the available manpower, in coordination with nodal officers for each group.
iii.It can be used to utilise the services of volunteers to enforce social distancing at banks, ration shops, mandis and for providing help to elderly, divyang (divine body- persons with disability) and orphanages & also help States and Union Territories to move human resources from one location to the other for their utilisation.
iv.It can also use the Integrated Government Online Training (iGOT)’s online training modules for training and capacity building of frontline workers and volunteers.

Researchers at IIA, Bengaluru discovers hundreds of Li-rich giant stars

On April 19, 2020, A team of researchers at the Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA), a premier institute devoted to research in astrophysics based in Bengaluru, (Karnataka), have discovered hundreds of Lithium (Li) rich giant stars, which proves it is being produced in the stars and accounts for its abundance in the interstellar medium.
Key Points:
i.They also established the connection between Lithium rich Helium (He) burning stars with red giant stars (also known as red clump giants).
ii.The research, led by Dr. Eswar Reddy, followed a two-fold strategy by increasing the sample by identifying high Lithium among low mass evolved stars in the Universal Galaxy and determining the exact evolutionary phase of these giant-Li abundance stars.
By using temperature & luminosity and the independent data set to atmospheric oscillations analysis from Kepler Space Telescope, the evolutionary phase of the giant-Li has been identified.
iii.The study has been published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
About Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA):
Director– Prof. Annapurni Subramaniam

CSIR-CDRI signs MoU with KGMU to sequence the virus strains

On 20th April 2020 The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), the Central Drug Research Institute (CDRI), with King George’s Medical University (KGMU) has written a memorandum of understanding (MoU) to sequence the virus strains obtained from COVID-19 patients in Uttar Pradesh.
About digital and molecular surveillance:
i.In working on the three out of five verticals formulated by the CSIR-CDRI, the Lucknow based lab will sequence the virus strain form the samples of the patients from Lucknow this is under the first vertical – ‘Digital and molecular surveillance’.
ii.The covid-19 infections are found to be caused by 8 different variants of the virus.
iii.Team of scientists of KGMU lead by Amit Jain, a team of scientists from CSIR-CDRI lead by R Ravishankar and Raj Kamal Tripathi, virologist at CDRI and alumnus of KGMU leading all the screening works at CSIR-CDRI.
iv.The therapeutics or repurposing of the drugs against COVID-19 is the second vertical where the researchers are trying to repurpose the existing drugs used by clinicians.
v.The diverse library of molecules screened used in silico approach against the panel of drug targets from SARS-Co V-2 under the third vertical ”target based screening system”, this will be evaluated in a preliminary drug-target-based-screen.
vi.In the in-vitro and in-vivo system the binding/inhibition of the m-protease, CL-proteinase, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Spikeprotein-ACE2 and other targets will be evaluated.
About CDRI:
The Central Drug Research Institute
Location– Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Director– Tapas Kumar Kund
Founded– 1951
About KGMU:
King George’s Medical University
Location– Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh
Founded– 1905
Vice-Chancellor– MadanLal Brahma Bhatt

NASA to launch 1^st US astronaut mission to ISS since 2011

On April 18, 2020, For the first time since July 21, 2011, a human mission from American Earth will go into space. That is after 9 years, the US space agency NASA ( National Aeronautics and Space Administration) & SpaceX will send two veteran astronauts –Bob Behnken & Doug Hurley- from the Florida’s Kennedy Space Centre in indigenous 23-story Falcon 9 rockets to the International Space Station (ISS) on May 27, 2020.
Key Points:
i.This mission is named Demo-2 mission & will lift off from the historic launch pad 39A complex on May 27,2020. In the Demo-1 mission, the Dragon Spacecraft successfully transported goods to the space station
ii.Both of the astronauts will spend as long as 110 days in space and they will return on Crew Dragon Capsule.
iii.In this mission, Behnken will determine the docking of the spacecraft, the attachment to the space station, the undocking, the separation from the space station and determine its path. At the same time, Hurley will be the commander of the Dragon spacecraft & will be responsible for the launch, landing and recovery.
About NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration):
Headquarters– Washington, D.C., United States
Administrator– Jim Bridenstine
About SpaceX:
Headquarters– California, United States
CEO– Elon Musk

New model to predict ionospheric electron density to help communication & navigation 

On April 20, 2020, Researchers from Indian Institute of Geomagnetism (IIG), Navi Mumbai, an autonomous Institute of the Department of Science & Technology, Government of India (GOI), have developed a global model to predict the ionospheric electron density with larger data coverage- a crucial need for communication and navigation. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) replicate the processes in the human brain (or biological neurons) to solve problems such as classification, clustering, pattern recognition, linear & nonlinear data fitting and time series prediction.
Key Points:
i.Dr. V. Sai Gowtam, with his research supervisor, Dr. S. Tulasiram from IIG, has developed a new Artificial Neural Networks based global Ionospheric Model (ANNIM) using long-term ionospheric observations to predict the ionospheric electron density and the peak parameters.
ii.The researchers developed a neural network-based global ionospheric model by using database consisting of nearly two decades of global Digisonde (an instrument that measures real-time on-site electron density of the ionosphere by sending the radio frequency pulses), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) radio occultation and topside sounders observations.
iii.Day number, Universal Time, latitude, longitude, F10.7 index (responsible for Photo-ionization), Kp (represents the disturbed space weather conditions), magnetic declination, inclination, dip latitude, zonal and meridional neutral winds were taken as inputs in the study.
iv.The target (output) of ANNs is the electron density as a function of altitude for any given location and time. The data was trained with the ANNs using high-performance computers at IIG to develop the ANNIM.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

A book titled “How the Onion Got Its Layers” authored by Sudha Murty

On April 20, 2020, A book titled “How the Onion Got Its Layers” authored by Sudha Murty was published by Puffin. The book is being released in its e-book and audio form for young children.
Key Points:
i.The book seeks answers to several questions related to the bulb like its many layers and why it brings tears to the eyes when cut.
ii.“How the Onion Got Its Layers” marks the first ever audio book by Murty and will be released on World Book Day, ie, April 23, 2020.
iii.This is the second book of the Chapter series by Murty, the first being “How the Sea Became Salty”.
iv.About Sudha Murty: She is an Indian engineering teacher, Kannada and English author. She serves as the Chairperson of the Infosys Foundation and a member of the public health care initiatives of the Gates Foundation.
v.Sudha Murty is the recipient of the R.K. Narayan Award for Literature (2006), the Padma Shri (2006) and the Attimabbe Award from the Government of Karnataka for excellence in Kannada literature (2011).

IMPORTANT DAYS

World Liver Day 2020: April 19

World Liver Day (WLD) is observed every year on April 19, to spread awareness about the importance of liver in our body and liver related diseases.On 28^th July 2018, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India launched National Viral Hepatitis Control Program it aims at prevention and control of viral hepatitis in India to achieve Sustainable Developmental 2030.
Key Points:
i.The liver is the second largest and most complex organ in the body, after the brain. It is a key player in your body’s digestive system.
ii.The liver performs many crucial functions related to digestion, immunity, metabolism and the storage of nutrients within the body and removing toxic substances from the body.
iii.As per World Health Organization (WHO), liver diseases are the 10^th most common cause of death in India. A healthy lifestyle (balanced diet and exercise) can keep your liver healthy.

UN Chinese Language Day: 20th April

20th April of every year is observed as the Chinese Language Day by the United Nations (UN) as a contribution of Chinese Literature, poetry, and Language as well as to celebrate the multilingualism and cultural diversity and to promote the use of Chinese as one of its six official languages (Arabic, English, French, Russian, Spanish) of UN.
About Chinese Language Day:
i.The first Chinese Language day was celebrated on the 12th November of 2010 and from 2011 the date has been set to 20th April in correspondence to the The celebration of Guyu in the Chinese Calendar in honor of Cangjie by Chinese people begins around April 20.
ii.Cangjie is a mythical character with four eyes and four pupils who invented the Chinese characters around 5000 years ago.
iii.The term Guyu means “rain of millet” is the 6th of 24 solar terms, the legend says that the deities and ghosts cried and it rained millet on the day Cangjie invented the Chinese characters.
iv.The Chinese was established as an official language of the UN in 1946.
v.Chinese was included as a working language in the General Assembly from 1971 and in the Security Council from 1974.

AC GAZE

Nigeria President Buhari’s chief of staff Abba Kyari passes away

The Chief of Staff to Nigeria’s president Muhammadu Buhari, Abba Kyari, 70, passed away due to Covid-19 after a month-long infection, who was in his 70s  and the top official aide to 77-year-old President Muhammadu Buhari.

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