Current Affairs 2 August 2022

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest  Current Affairs 2 August  2022, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2022 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

MeitY Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw inaugurates 8 years of MyGov event in New Delhi

On July 30, 2022, the Union Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) inaugurated the day long event to celebrate ‘8 Years of MyGov‘ in New Delhi, Delhi. This celebration is on the lines of the vision of Jan Bhagidari(Public Participation).
Launch of ‘Responsible AI for Youth 2022’:
The Union Minister launched the ‘Responsible AI for Youth 2022’ program which was created by the National E-Governance Division, MeitY in collaboration with Intel India and with the support of the Ministry of Education (MoE).

• The Program will be open to all school students studying in classes 8-12 across India.
• It will boost deeper understanding of AI (Artificial Intelligence) technology and encourage youngsters to become human-centric designers.

About MyGov:
Launched on July 26, 2014 by the Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi, MyGov is the Government of India’s (GoI) citizen engagement platform to empower people to connect with the Government & contribute towards good governance. It is a part of Digital India Corporation, a Section 8 company under MeitY, and has been premised upon the 3 pillars of ‘Do’, ‘Discuss’ and ‘Disseminate’.
i.MyGov has played a pivotal role in bridging the communication gap through dissemination of information in various creative formats and mediums such as videos, infographics, podcasts, interactive dashboards etc.
ii.Some of the most prominent logos of GoI including Azadi Ka Amrit Mahotsav, Digital India, PM Jan Dhan Yojana and Swachh Bharat have been created by MyGov Saathis through various contests on the platform.
iii.MyGov has over 2.5 crore registered citizens, and has cumulatively amassed 1.4 billion views on various sections, pages and microsites.
iv.It has also launched State instances in 18 States, namely Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Tripura, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Nagaland, Uttarakhand, Goa, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Karnataka and Gujarat.
Other Participants:
The event also witnessed the presence of dignitaries including CEO (Chief Executive Officer) National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog Parameswaran Iyer, G20 (Group of Twenty) Sherpa Amitabh Kant and Secretary of Capacity Building Commission Hemang Jani.

Union Home & Cooperation Minister Amit Shah Launches Education and Skill Development Initiatives to Commemorate the Two-Year Anniversary of NEP 2020

On July 29, 2022, Union Home & Cooperation Minister Amit Shah launched a number of new initiatives in the domains of education and skill development to commemorate the completion of two years since the National Education Policy 2020 (NEP 2020) was introduced on July 29, 2020.

• The initiatives that were established cover every aspect in education and skill development, including teacher training and assessment, digital education, innovation, and synergising education and skill development.

Some of the Essential Aspects of NEP 2020
i. The NEP 2020 aims to promote holistic human development while paying attention to attitudes toward education, science, and culture. It serves as a counterbalance to the Macaulay educational system which was introduced in India in 1835.
ii.The 5 primary pillars of NEP 2022: Enhancement of Capacity, Accessibility, Quality, Fairness and Accountability.
Some of the initiatives that have been launched include:
i. Establishment of IKS-MIC program for technology demonstration
ii.Introduce 75 Bharateeya games in schools
iii. Launch of Kalashala initiative in 750 schools to promote and support local arts
iv.Partnership with Indira Gandhi Open University (IGNOU) for upward mobility
v.Skill Hubs Initiative
About Ministry of Education (MoE):
Union Minister – Dharmendra Pradhan (Rajya Sabha – Madhya Pradesh)
Minister of State (MoS) – Annpurna Devi ;
>> Read Full News

4th India-Oman Joint Military Ex AL NAJAH-IV commences in Rajasthan

The 4th edition of India-Oman joint military exercise AL NAJAH -IV will be held from August 1 to 13, 2022 at the Foreign Training Node of Mahajan Field Firing Ranges in Rajasthan. It will saw the participation of the Indian Army (IA), and the Royal Army of Oman (RAO).

• The previous edition of Ex AL NAJAH was organised at Muscat from March 12 to 25, 2019.

Representors:
IA will be represented by troops from 18 Mechanised Infantry Battalion.
RAO will be represented by the 60-member parachutes team of the Sultan of Oman.
Aim of Exercise:
To enhance the level of defence co-operation between IA and RAO
To enhance bilateral relations between India and Oman
What will be done in an exercise?
i.There will be professional interaction, mutual understanding of drills and procedures, the establishment of joint command and control structures and elimination of terrorist threats.
ii.It will focus on counter-terrorism operations, regional security operations, peacekeeping operations under United Nations (UN) charter.
iii.There will be joint physical training schedules, tactical drills, techniques and procedures.
iv.There is a comprehensive training programme to culminate in a 48 hours long validation exercise involving establishing of joint mobile vehicle check posts, joint cordon and search operations followed by joint room intervention drills in a built up area.

Steel ministry Sets Up Advisory Committee for Secondary Steel SectorThe Ministry of Steel constituted an Advisory Committee for secondary steel under the chairmanship of Minister of Civil Aviation and Steel, Jyotiraditya M. Scindia.

• The objective is to identify the issues pertaining to the steel sector, especially the secondary steel industry.

About the Committee:
i.The first meeting of the committee is scheduled to be held on  8 August 2022 where they will identify issues of concern and set priority for the committee for action.
ii.The advisory committee will have representation from All India Induction Furnace Association(AIIFA ), Sponge Iron Manufacturers’ Association(SIMA), Indian Stainless Steel Development Association, Alloy Steel producers Association(ASPA), All India Steel Rerollers Association (AISRA), Pellet Manufacturers’ Association of India (PMAI), Indian Ferro Alloy Producers Association(IFAPA) etc.

iii.It is noted that India’s secondary steel output fell sharply over the years.

• From a level of 55% in 2015, secondary steel producers now account for output of just 40% of total steel production.

About Ministry of Steel:
Union Minister-Jyotiraditya M. Scindia (Rajya Sabha- Madhya Pradesh)
Minister of State (MoS)-Faggan Singh Kulaste (Constituency – Mandla (ST), Madhya Pradesh)

IISc & Indian navy ink MoU to boost Self-Reliance in key TechnologiesThe Indian Institute of Science (IISc) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Indian Navy to boost self-reliance in key technologies and to collaborate on aviation research and development.
Signatories:
The MoU was signed by Captain (retd) Sridhar Warrier, registrar, IISc and Captain P Vinayagam, Capt (APP), Indian Navy
Key people: 
Senior members of the navy including Rear Admiral Deepak Bansal (Air Materiel), and Commodore Raja Vinod, Commodore Superintendent, NAY (Goa), were present.
What is in the MoU?
i.Under the agreement, IISc will provide aid and assistance to the Navy to ramp up self-reliance efforts.
ii.The areas of collaboration for joint research include aerospace/aeronautical engineering, design and education technology.
iii.Other key areas of specialisations include propulsion and propulsion systems, steel technology, metallurgy and material sciences, and corrosion science; systems and controls, instrumentation and sensors; environmental science and engineering, energy science and engineering; management (technical and logistics), industrial engineering and operational research, nanotechnology and MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems), artificial intelligence, data analytics, and machine learning.
About Indian Navy:
Founded- 26 January 1950
Motto- शं नो वरुणः (Sanskrit) ‘May the Lord of Water be auspicious unto us’
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Navy Chief-Admiral R. Hari Kumar

Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana completes five years

On 21st July 2022, the Pradhan Mantri Vaya Vandana Yojana completed five years, the scheme was formally launched in 2017 by the Ministry of Finance.
i.The programme is a social security programme for the elderly that aims to provide them with a guaranteed minimum pension based on a guaranteed return on the purchase price or subscription fee.
ii. The minimum investment required to participate in this scheme has been increased to Rs. 1,56,658 for a pension of 12,000 per year and to Rs. 1,62,162 for a pension of at least 1,000 rupees per month.
iii.The programme, which was in place through 2020, has now been extended for an additional three years, through March 31, 2023.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

UNGA Declares Access to Clean & Healthy Environment a Universal Human Right

On 28th July 2022, the United Nations General Assembly(UNGA) adopted the resolution A/76/L.75 titled “The human right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment” and declared the right to a clean, healthy and sustainable environment as a human right.

• The resolution was adopted with 161 votes in favour, and 8 abstentions.
• The resolution calls upon the states, international organisations, and business enterprises to scale up efforts to ensure a healthy environment for all.

Note:
i.India voted in favour of the resolution but dissociated itself from an operative paragraph of the text.
ii.India pointed out that UNGA resolutions do not create binding obligations.
China, Russian Federation, Belarus, Cambodia, Iran, Syria, Kyrgyzstan and Ethiopia are the states that abstained from voting.
Background:
i.The resolution has been five decades in the making, with its origins dating back to the 1972 Stockholm Declaration, according to the U.N. Environment Programme.
ii.The resolution was prepared by five member states: Costa Rica, the Maldives, Morocco, Slovenia and Switzerland.
iii.One of the major results of the Stockholm conference was the creation of the United Nations Environment Programme.
iv.In October 2021, for the first time, the United Nations(UN) Human Rights Council recognised that having a clean, healthy and sustainable environment is a human right.
Benefits of the resolution:
i.The resolution will support the reduction of environmental injustices and protection gaps.
ii.This will also empower the people, especially those in vulnerable situations, including the environmental human rights defenders, children, youth, women and indigenous people.
iii.This newly recognised right will be vital in tackling the triple planetary crisis: climate change, pollution and biodiversity loss.
Additional info: 
i.Similarly, on 28th July 2010, the UNGA recognised the right to water and sanitation through its resolution.
ii.This resolution recognised clean drinking water and sanitation as essential to the realisation of all human rights.
iii.In response to this resolution, governments across the globe changed their laws and regulations related to water and sanitation.

BANKING & FINANCE

SEBI postpones new MF Nomination Rules to Oct 1; Imposes Rs 3 Lakh penalty on BSE

i.The Securities Exchange Board of India (SEBI) has postponed the implementation of new rules on nomination for mutual fund investors till October 1, 2022 which were supposed to come into force from August 1, 2022.
ii.The circular for the same has been issued in exercise of the powers conferred under Section 11 (1) of the SEBI Act, 1992, read with the provision of Regulation 77 of SEBI (Mutual Funds) Regulations, 1996.
iii.SEBI also imposed a penalty of Rs 3 Lakh on BSE (Bombay Stock Exchange) Ltd for indirectly engaging in works that were unrelated to its activities as a stock exchange without the approval of SEBI.
iv.SEBI also released a framework for automated deactivation of trading and demat accounts of investors in case of inadequate Know Your Client (KYC) details w.e.f. August 31, 2022.
About Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI):
SEBI was constituted as a non-statutory body on 12th April 1988 and later it was established as a statutory body in 1992. The provisions of SEBI Act, 1992 (15 of 1992) came into force on 30th January, 1992.
Chairperson– Madhabi Puri Buch
Headquarters– Mumbai, Maharashtra
>> Read Full News

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS       

Savitri Jindal become Asia’s richest woman 

According to the Bloomberg Billionaires Index (as on 29th July 2022), Savitri Jindal (India) became Asia’s richest woman by surpassing Yang Huiyan (China) due to the property crisis in China.
i. Yang Huiyan’s (majority shareholder of Country Garden Holdings) total wealth dropped to USD 11 billion from nearly USD 24 billion in 2021 and lost more than USD 1 billion in just one day.
ii.Savitri Jindal has a USD 11.3 billion fortune in the Jindal Group. She is India’s richest woman and the 10th-richest person in India of about 1.4 billion. 

SPORTS

Max Verstappen Wins Hungarian Grand Prix 2022

The world championship leader Max Verstappen (team Red Bull) won the Hungarian Formula one (F1) Grand Prix 2022. This is Max Verstappen’s 8th Grand Prix win of the year 2022.

• The 2022 Hungarian Grand Prix (officially known as the Formula 1 Aramco Magyar Nagydíj 2022) was a Formula One motor race held on 31 July 2022 at the Hungaroring in Mogyoród, Hungary over a distance of 70 laps.
• The race was the 37th Hungarian Grand Prix to be held as part of the Formula One World Championship.

• Seven-time world champion Lewis Hamilton (team Mercedes) finished second in the race.

About Max Verstappen

• Max Emilian Verstappen is a Belgian-Dutch racing driver and the 2021 Formula One World Champion.In March 2022 , Verstappen signed a five-year contract extension with Red Bull Racing for the 2023 to 2028 seasons.

Hungarian F1 Grand Prix 2022 Rankings:

World Champion Sebastian Vettel announces retirement from F1
Sebastian Vettel announced his retirement from Formula 1 after the end of the 2022 season.

• Sebastian Vettel is a German racing driver who competes in F1 for team Aston Martin. He had previously driven for BMW Sauber, Toro Rosso, Red Bull, and Ferrari.
• His Last F1 victory was the Singapore Grand Prix in 2019.

About Sebastian Vettel:
i.He was born 3 July 1987 in Heppenheim, West Germany.
ii.He became the youngest to win an F1 race in 2007 at the Italian Grand Prix.
He was 21 years and 73 days old and in the driver’s seat for Toro Rosso.
iii.Sebastian Vettel won four consecutive F1 world titles with Red Bull between 2010 and 2013.
iv.He also has the third-most race victories (53) and podium finishes (122), and fourth-most pole positions (57).

OBITUARY

Former Philippine President Fidel V Ramos Passed AwayFormer Philippine President Fidel Valdez Ramos passed away at the age of 94 years in Makati, Philippines.
About Fidel Valdez Ramos:
i.Fidel Valdez Ramos was born on March 18, 1928, in Lingayen, Pangasinan.
ii.He was a Filipino general and politician who served as the 12th President of the Philippines from 1992 to 1998.

• He was also popularly known as FVR and Steady Eddie.

iii.He became Chief of the Philippine Constabulary and Vice Chief-of-Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines during the term of President Ferdinand Marcos.
iv.Prior to his election as President, he served in the cabinet of President Corazon Aquino as Chief-of-Staff of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP), and Secretary of National Defense from 1986 to 1991.

• He was also credited with the creation of the Philippine Army’s Special Forces and the Philippine National Police Special Action Force.

BOOKS & AUTHORS

Tata Power and Ela Foundation release their 4th book: “Amphibians of the Northern Western Ghats”

Tata Power, in association with Ela Foundation, has released the fourth book in a series on ‘Amphibians of the Northern Western Ghats’, which was authored by Satish Pande with inputs from Vivek Vishwasrao and Gram Purohit.
The Book is a photographic guide to all 52 species of amphibians in Gujarat, Diu, Daman, Dadra Nagar Haveli, Maharashtra and Goa, highlighting the rich biodiversity of the western ghats of Maharashtra.
According to the Ela Foundation, the book is the first of its kind and aimed at the conservation of the neglected taxon.

IMPORTANT DAYS

World Ranger Day 2022- July 31The International Ranger Federation (IRF’s) World Ranger Day is annually observed on 31st July to commemorate Rangers killed or injured in the line of duty and to celebrate the work Rangers do to protect the planet’s natural treasures and cultural heritage.

• World Ranger Day offers a chance to support their vital work, which ranges from environmental campaigning to education.
• The theme of World Ranger Day 2022 is “DIVERSITY”.

About International Ranger Awards 2022:
Winners of the 2nd International Ranger Awards, presented by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and World Commission on Protected Areas (WCPA), were announced in a ceremony at the IUCN African Protected Areas Congress in Kigali, Rwanda.

• Orang National Park & Tiger Reserve wins IUCN WCPA International Ranger Award 2022.

>> Read Full News

Muslim Women Rights Day 2022 – August 1 The Muslim Women Rights Day is annually celebrated across India on 1st August to commemorate the enactment of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 which prohibits the practice of Triple talaq in India.

• 1st August 2022 marks the observance of 3rd Muslim Women’s Rights Day.
• The legislation declared that triple talaq as a criminal offence and the practice of triple talaq was prohibited,and muslim couples need to get divorce as per the Indian Penal Code.

Background:
i.The Triple Talaq bill, also known as the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Bill, 2019, was passed by the Indian Parliament on 30th July 2019, to make instant Triple Talaq a criminal offence.
ii.Then President Ram Nath Kovind gave his assent to the bill on 1st August 2019 and criminalised the instant oral triple talaq with a jail term of up to 3 years.
iii.The enactment of the Muslim Women  (Protection of Rights on Marriage) Act, 2019 has classified the practice of granting instant divorce (triple talaq) as a criminal offence.

• The first ever Muslim Women Rights Day was observed on 1st August 2020.

>> Read Full News

World Breastfeeding Week 2022 – August 1 to 7 
The United Nations(UN)’s World Breastfeeding Week(WBW)  is annually observed across the globe from 1st to 7th August to create public awareness and support for breastfeeding.
The annual observance of World Breastfeeding Week is led by the World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action(WABA).

• The theme of World Breastfeeding Week 2022 is “Step up for Breastfeeding: Educated and Support”.
• The WBW 2022 will focus on strengthening the capacity of actors that have to protect, promote and support breastfeeding across different levels of society.

Background:
i.World Breastfeeding Week(WBW) was first started in 1992 to generate public awareness and support for breastfeeding.
ii.Since 2016, we have aligned our WBW campaign to United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The campaign is called WBW-SDGs Campaign.
iii.In 2018, the World Health Organisation (WHO) adopted a resolution and endorsed WBW as an important Breastfeeding promotion strategy.
Why August 1 to 7? 
i.The WBW is celebrated on 1-7 August to mark the anniversary of the Innocenti Declaration in August 1990 in Florence, Italy.
ii.The Innocenti Declaration was signed by government policymakers, World Health Organisation(WHO), United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF)and other organisations to protect, promote and support breastfeeding.
Objectives of WBW 2022: 

• Inform people about their role in strengthening the warm chain of support for breastfeeding.
• Anchor breastfeeding as part of good nutrition, food security and reducing inequalities.
• Engage with individuals and organisations along the warm chain of support for breastfeeding.
• Galvanise action on strengthening the capacity of actors and systems for transformational change.

Importance of Breastfeeding:
i.Optimal breastfeeding plays a significant role in the lifelong good health and well-being of women and children.
ii.WHO and UNICEF recommend early initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour of birth and exclusive breastfeeding for the 1st 6 months of life.

STATE NEWS

Arunachal Pradesh inks Tripartite Pact for School Education Transformation

On the second anniversary of the New Education Policy (NEP) 2020, the State Government of Arunachal Pradesh (AR) inked a tripartite Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Aayog, and Reach to Teach organisation for a large-scale transformation in school education.

• It is a three-year partnership (2022–25) agreement.
• NEP was launched by the Central Government on July 29, 2020.

Key Points:
i.The MoU focuses on the enhancement of the learning outcome of students across 3,000 plus government schools in AR thereby reaching out to over two lakh children.
ii.The school education transformation project is under NITI Aayog’s Development Support Services for States (DSSS) initiative.
iii.The MoU was signed in presence of NITI Aayog Education Advisor Dr. Prem Singh, state Education Commissioner Padmini Singla, and Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Reach to Teach Foundation, Ratna Viswanathan, among others.
About NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India):
Establishment– 2015
CEO– Parameswaran Iyer
Headquarters– New Delhi, Delhi

WB Inks MoU with Maharashtra to Prevent Migration & Trafficking of Women
Dr. Shashi Panja, Minister In-Charge, Department of Women & Child Development and Social Welfare, West Bengal (WB), attended a state-level consultation on the “Uses and Abuses of Technology” organized by the WB Government and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) on the occasion of World Day Against Trafficking in Persons (July 30, 2022).
A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between the governments of West Bengal and Maharashtra was signed in order to prevent the migration and trafficking of women between the two states, where a lot of movement of people takes place.

• WB is susceptible to trafficking because of its porous international borders with Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and other states.
• Furthermore, there is a vulnerability index in specific districts and certain pockets in the state.

Note: A notable trafficking corridor is located between the Bangladeshi district of Jessore and WB’s Bongaon Subdivision.
Initiatives by the West Bengal Government:
i. Since 2013, WB Government has prioritized the prevention of trafficking and the rehabilitation of rescued girls and women.
ii.The State Government has instructed students and the Heads of Colleges & Universities to raise awareness among students about the online menace of cyberbullying, trafficking, and other forms of abuse.

• This is done in an effort to prevent children from becoming victims of these crimes as well as other forms of cyber abuse.

iii. At the college level, awareness is primarily promoted through seminars and symposiums, while in rural areas, Kanyashree clubs are being established to educate students about the menace of trafficking.
About West Bengal:
Chief Minister (CM) – Mamata Banerjee
Airport – Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose International Airport, Kolkata; Bagdogra International Airport, Siliguri
Zoological Park – Padmaja Naidu Himalayan Zoological Park, Darjeeling; Sundarban Wild Animals Park (Jharkhali Satellite Zoo), Jharkhali

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