Current Affairs 2 & 3 October 2025

We are here for you to provide the important Recent and Latest Current Affairs 2 & 3 October 2025, which have unique updates of Latest Current Affairs 2025 events from all newspapers such as The Hindu, The Economic Times, PIB, Times of India, PTI, Indian Express, Business Standard and all Government official websites.

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of Foreign Secretary of Bhutan, Aum Pema Choden’s Visit to India From September 29-30, 2025Aum Pema Choden, Foreign Secretary (FS) of Royal Government of Bhutan, was on a 2-day official visit to India from September 29 to 30, 2025, at the invitation of Vikram Misri, Secretary of Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), Government of India (GoI).
Key Highlights of the Visit:
Bilateral Consultations: During the visit, Bhutanese FS Pema Choden held bilateral consultations with Vikrim Misri in New Delhi, Delhi.
Two Rail Links: The Government of India (GoI) announced its plan to construct 89 kilometer (km)-long two cross-border rail links with Bhutan at an estimated cost of Rs 4,033 crore.

•  Satish Kumar, Chairman of Railway Board, Ministry of Railways (MoR) has signed a formal intergovernmental MoU with Aum Pema Choden, FS of Bhutan, for the establishment of rail links between India and Bhutan.

Developmental Assistance to Bhutan: The GoI has also pledged over Rs 10,000 crore in developmental assistance to Bhutan for its 13th Five-Year Planning (from 2024-29).
 KHPL & PFC Signed Loan Agreement: In September 2025, Bhutan’s Kholongchhu Hydropower Limited (KHPL) has signed a loan agreement worth Rs 4,829 crore with India’s Non-Banking Financial Company (NBFC), Power Finance Corporation (PFC).

• To finance  600 Mega-Watt (MW) Khorlochhu Hydropower Project in Trashiyangtse Dzongkhag, Bhutan.

>>Read Full News

MoMSME Celebrates ‘MSME Seva Parv 2025: Virasat se Vikas’ in Varanasi, UPThe Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MoMSME) celebrated ‘MSME Seva Parv-2025: Virasat se Vikas’ from September 28-30, 2025, at the Rudraksh International Cooperation & Convention Centre in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh (UP).

• The event aims to bring together communities, institutions, and individuals in a collective movement of seva (service), cultural pride, and enhancing awareness of India’s heritage.

About ‘MSME Seva Parv-2025: Virasat se Vikas’ event:
Key Dignitaries: The event was presided over by Union Minister Jitan Ram Manjhi, MoMSME and Union Minister of State(MoS) Sushri Shobha Karandlaje, MoMSME, formally inaugurated the event.

• Senior dignitaries present included Manoj Kumar, Chairman, Khadi & Village Industries Commission (KVIC), officials from the Office of Development Commissioner, MoMSME, and representatives from the Government of UP.

Exhibition: A 3-day exhibition with 130 stalls to showcase and sell products made by local artisans and craftspeople.
Swachhata Karyakram: A cleanliness drive was held at Namo Ghat to encourage community service and Swachhata (cleanliness).
Mahila Paricharcha: A dedicated session was organized for women entrepreneurs and Self-Help Groups (SHGs) to interact with Union MoS  Sushri Shobha Karandlaje, MoMSME.
Strategic Initiatives and Beneficiary Support
Agreement: During the event, an agreement was exchanged between the Khadi and Village Industries Commission (KVIC) and the National Small Industries Corporation (NSIC) to enhance marketing collaboration.
Support to MSME Beneficiaries: The event also featured the distribution of loan certificates to Prime Minister Vishwakarma (PMV) beneficiaries, Margin Money subsidies to PM’s Employment Generation Programme (PMEGP) beneficiaries, and toolkits to Gramodyog Vikas Yojana (GVY) beneficiaries.
About Uttar Pradesh(UP):
Chief Minister (CM) – Yogi Adityanath
Governor – Anandiben Patel
Capital – Lucknow
National Park (NP) –Dudhwa NP

MoF Keeps Interest Rates on Small Savings Schemes Unchanged for Q3 FY26On September 30, 2025, the Department of Economic Affairs (DEA) under the Ministry of Finance (MoF), announced that the interest rates of Small Savings Scheme (SSS) will remain unchanged, for 3rd Quarter of Financial Year 2025-26 (Q3 FY26), i.e. from October 1, 2025, to December 31, 2025, maintaining the same rates as Q2FY26 (July 1, 2025, to September 30, 2025).

• This marks the seventh consecutive quarter with no change in SSS interest rates, which were last revised by the DEA in Q4 of FY24.

About Small Savings Schemes (SSS):
Overview: Small Savings Schemes (SSS) are government-backed instruments in India that offer safe investment options with fixed returns, aimed at promoting household savings.
Management:The schemes are primarily managed by the DEA and administered through designated banks and over 1.5 lakh Post Offices.
Utilization All deposits received under various SSS are pooled in the National Small Savings Fund (NSSF).
>>Read Full News

27 MoUs Worth Over Rs.66,000 Crores Exchanged to Boost Maritime Shipbuilding in Bhavnagar, GujaratIn September 2025, the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (MoPSW), announced the exchange of 27 Memorandum of Understandings (MoUs) worth over Rs.66,000 crores during the “Samudra Se Samriddhi – Transforming India’s Maritime Sector” event in Bhavnagar, Gujarat.

• The MoUs were exchanged between the public and private sector stakeholders in the maritime sector, State governments, and international partners.

Highlights of the Event:
Dignitaries: The signing was attended by Union Ministers Sarbananda Sonowal, MoPSW; Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya, Ministry of Labour & Employment (MoL&E) and Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports (MYAS); and Union Minister of State (MoS) Shantanu Thakur, MoPSW.
Project Inaugurations: The event also marked the inauguration of key maritime projects, including the HPLNG (Hazira Port Liquefied Natural Gas) Regasification Terminal at Chhara Port(Gujarat) and Renewable Energy(RE) initiatives, highlighting the government’s focus on strengthening maritime infrastructure.
Strategic Partnerships:The Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB) signed multiple MoUs with private partners such as Act Infra Ports Limited, Modest Infrastructure, Chowgule & Company, and Swan Defence and Heavy Industries Limited (SWAN Defence), totaling over Rs.13,600 crores.
Bahuda Port Development: An MoU was signed by Paradip Port Authority, Visakhapatnam Port Authority, Sagarmala Finance Corporation Limited, and the Odisha government.

• It was signed to establish a new port in Odisha with an investment of Rs.21,500 crores.

Lighthouse Museums: The Directorate General of Lighthouses signed an MoU with Indian Port Rail & Roadways Corporation to build the world’s tallest lighthouse museums worth Rs.266 crores with the height of 77 metres (m) at the National Maritime Heritage Complex (NMHC) in Lothal (Gujarat).
>>Read Full News

Central Railway Completed Locomotive Trials of Indigenous KAVACH System
In September 2025, Dharam Veer Meena, General Manager (GM), Central Railway (CR), spearheaded the successful loco trials of KAVACH, an indigenously developed Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system, at Somatne, Apta, and Jite stations on the Panvel–Roha section of the Mumbai division.

• With this achievement, CR became the first Zonal Railway to complete KAVACH loco trials in all its five divisions (Mumbai, Bhusawal, Nagpur, Pune and Solapur) within six months of award, marking a major step toward rolling out the system across its 4,000-kilometre (km) route network.

About KAVACH System:
Objective: KAVACH aims to enhance rail safety by preventing collisions including head-on and rear-end accidents and reducing Signal Passed at Danger (SPAD) incidents.
Key Features: It includes automatic braking for missed red signals, speed control in restricted zones, onboard displays of signal aspects, speed limits, and movement authority, automatic whistling at level crossings, and an emergency SOS (distress signal) function.
About Implementation:
Surveys & Approvals: Detailed Radio and LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) surveys, technical approvals, equipment supply, and station installations were completed rapidly.
Priority Stations: Three priority stations identified per division for stationary KAVACH systems.
Onboard Fitment: Onboard KAVACH is being fitted at Bhusawal and Kalyan loco sheds in Maharashtra, with Indian Railways (IR) rolling out the system in mission mode to equip 730 locomotives in CR’s first phase.
Facilities Setup: Installation of testing, network monitoring, and training facilities in all divisions.
Training: Around 3,000 officers and staff trained in operations.
Timeline: Between September 4–19, 2025, Central Railway inaugurated the integrated KAVACH Control Centre at Bhusawal, conducted first loco trials in Solapur Division, launched the simulation lab at Kurudwadi, and carried out station trials in Bhusawal, Pune, and Nagpur Divisions (Maharashtra).

Indian Navy Signs Rs.47 Crore Contract with EyeROV for Underwater Drones
In September 2025, the Indian Navy (IN) signed a contract of worth Rs.47 crores with IROV Technologies Private Limited(EyeROV) for the supply of advanced underwater drones, also called Underwater Remotely Operated Vehicles (UWROVs), aligning with the “Atmanirbhar Bharat” initiative of the Government of India (GOI).

Details of Contract:
Product: The MoU was signed for the supply of EyeROV Trout, a military-grade UWROV rated for depths up to 300 metres (m).
Features: It is equipped with a 4K(Ultra High Definition) primary camera with 10x optical zoom, robotic arm for various, advanced navigation systems including Doppler Velocity Log (DVL) and Ultra Short Baseline (USBL) acoustic positioning.

• It can be deployed in harsh environments, including Arctic waters and underwater volcanic regions and is useful for surveillance, reconnaissance, infrastructure inspection, and scientific research.

Payload Flexibility: The drone can be fitted with multiple payloads, tailored for both defense and commercial applications.

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI launches scheme to speed up settlement of inoperative accounts, unclaimed depositsIn September 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) announced a new scheme for facilitating accelerated payout to ensure faster settlement of inoperative accounts and unclaimed deposits lying with banks.

• As of June 2025, the unclaimed deposits stood at over Rs. 67,000 crore (cr).

Key Highlights:
Purpose: The objective is to encourage banks to actively pursue customers/ depositors for re-activation of their inoperative accounts and return of their unclaimed amounts lying with Depositors Education Awareness (DEA) Fund to the rightful claimants in a timely and efficient manner.
Scope: The scheme is applicable to all the banks registered under the DEA Fund Scheme.
Duration: The scheme is available for one year period, i.e. from October 01, 2025 to September 30, 2026.
About the Reserve Bank of India (RBI):
Governor – Sanjay Malhotra
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Established – 1st April, 1935
>>Read Full News

SEBI Launched MITRA platform to Help Investors Trace Inactive Mutual Fund FoliosIn September 2025, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) launched a new digital platform, Mutual Fund Investment Tracing and Retrieval Assistant (MITRA).

• The new platform is designed to help investors in tracking and reclaiming inactive or unclaimed Mutual Fund (MF) folios.

Managed by: The platform is jointly managed by two Qualified Registrar and Transfer Agents (QRTAs) namely, Computer Age Management Services Limited (CAMS) and KFin Technologies Limited.
Extension of Timeline for Retail Algo: SEBI has also extended the deadline for the complete roll out of algorithm trading rules for retail investors to April 01, 2026.
Previous Timelines: Initially, the framework was scheduled to come into effect from August 01, 2025, was 1st deferred to October 01, 2025.
Milestones: SEBI has outlined 3 key milestones for the implementation of retail algorithm framework i.e. registration for at least one algo strategy ( by October 31, 2025); complete registration of API-based algo (by November 30, 2025) and to take one mock trading session (January 03, 2026).
In September 2025, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) launched a new digital platform, Mutual Fund Investment Tracing and Retrieval Assistant (MITRA).
>>Read Full News

SIDBI Launched New  Scheme ‘DIA’ To Transform  MSME Clusters
In September 2025, M. Nagaraju, Secretary of the Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance (MoF), launched the Small Industries Development Bank of India’s(SIDBI) new scheme named ‘Development of Industry Associations (DIA)’ , during the National Conclave on DIA, held in New Delhi(Delhi).

• The initiative aims to strengthen Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) across India by implementing a cost-effective, innovative, and self-sustaining cluster development model.

About Development of Industry Associations (DIA) :
Targeted Support: The scheme provides focused assistance for infrastructure, skilled human resources, and early-stage activities using a demand-driven approach.
Launch of Industry Portal: Apart from the DIA scheme, the industry portal was launched at the conclave.

• It is a digital Business-to-Business (B2B) platform that empowers industry associations and members, serving as a hub for research, networking, information-sharing, and resolving financial & technical challenges.

Digital Empowerment: These initiatives aim to digitally strengthen the MSME ecosystem through the newly launched Industry Portal as its backbone.

RBI imposes Rs 32 Lakh penalty on Indian Overseas Bank
In September 2025, theReserve Bank of India (RBI) has imposed a penalty of
Rs 31.8 lakh on Indian Overseas Bank(IoB), for its non-compliance with directions on ‘Priority Sector Lending(PSL)-Targets and classification’.

Reason for Penalty:
Legal Basis : The RBI imposed this penalty under the powers granted by Section 47A(1)(c), read with Sections 46(4)(i) and 51(1) of the Banking Regulation Act, 1949.
Statutory Inspection: The RBI conducted the Statutory Inspection for Supervisory Evaluation (ISE 2024) of IOB based on its financial position as of 31 March 2024.
Findings:The RBI found that IOB charged fees on certain PSL loans up to Rs.25,000, resulting in a monetary penalty.

RBL Bank Partners with LIC for Bancassurance Tie-Up
RBL Bank Limited has entered into a strategic bancassurance partnership with Life Insurance Corporation of India (LIC), the country’s largest life insurer, to offer LIC’s complete suite of life insurance products through RBL Bank’s branches and digital platforms nationwide.

• The tie-up was officially announced on September 30, 2025, in the presence of senior officials from both institutions.

About the Partnership Between RBL and LIC:
Objective: To expand financial protection and insurance penetration across India by providing convenient access to LIC’s comprehensive product portfolio through RBL Bank’s physical and digital platforms.
Product Portfolio: The partnership offers a comprehensive product portfolio including Term Insurance Plans, Endowment Policies, Pension Schemes, and Unit-Linked Insurance Plans (ULIPs).
Vision: The partnership supports India’s national goal of ‘Insurance for All by 2047’ by improving access to life insurance across both urban and rural regions.

FatakSecure Received IRDAI Approval for Composite Corporate Agent License
In September 2025, FatakPay Insurance Solutions Private Limited(FatakSecure), a subsidiary of FatakPay Digital which is India’s one of leading digital financial services platforms, has received approval from the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) for its composite Corporate Agent License.

Details of Approval:
Approval:The approval allows FatakPay to formally operate and expand its insurance vertical via FatakSecure.
Insurance Products:FatakSecure can now offer motor, health, accident, life, corporate, and consumable insurance to millions of underserved communities specially gig workers and blue-collar staff.

Amazon Pay launches “Payments ka A to Z” in India
In September 2025, Amazon Pay has launched a new unified payment interface (UPI) “Payments ka A to Z” in India to simplify digital transactions. The initiative supports the Government of India’s(GoI) push towards a cashless economy.

• The update integrates UPI, credit cards, debit cards, Amazon Pay Balance, and Amazon Pay Later into a single platform.

Key Features:
Unified payment options: Access all saved payment modes through one dashboard.
Comprehensive bill management: Includes auto-pay, reminders, and refund tracking for bills, subscriptions, and insurance.
Personalised rewards: Tailored cashback offers and discounts displayed in rupee terms.
Smart recommendations: Guides users to the best payment method based on rewards and offers.
Wallet UPI: Enables one-click payments for online and offline use, even in low-network areas.
Access Points: Available via Amazon.in app (wallet icon on bottom navigation) and Amazon Pay Shortcut on Android phones.
Campaign: Amazon Pay has launched its new campaign, “Payments ka A to Z,” featuring Bollywood star Ayushmann Khurrana.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

Hurun Rich List 2025:Mukesh Ambani Reclaimed Title of India’s Richest Man with Rs 9.55 Lakh Crore WealthIn September 2025, M3M India Private Limited in partnership with the Hurun Research Institute released the 14th edition of ‘M3M Hurun India Rich List’. As per the report, Mukesh Ambani, Chairman of Reliance Industries Limited (RIL), has reclaimed the top spot as India’s Richest Man with a net worth of Rs 9.55 lakh crore, replacing Gautam Adani and family, who dropped from 1st spot (in 2024)to 2nd spot in 2025 rankings with a wealth of Rs 8.15 lakh crore.

• For the 1st time, Roshni Nadar and family featured into the top 3, ranked at 3rd position with net worth of Rs 2.84 lakh crore, becoming richest woman in India.

Highlights of M3M Hurun India Rich List 2025:
Wealth Overview 2025:  This year’s M3M Hurun India Rich List features 1,687 individuals with a net worth of Rs.1,000 crore or more, marking an increase of 148 compared to 2024 and 859 over the past five years.

• India now has 358 billionaires, six times more than when the list was first published 13 years ago.

Combined Wealth: The combined wealth of Indians featured on the list is Rs 167 lakh crore (marking an annual increase of 5%), which is equivalent to nearly 50% of India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
Billionaire Hub: As per the hurun’s latest report, Mumbai(Maharashtra) continues to be billionaire hub in India with 451 billionaires; followed by New Delhi(Delhi) (223 billionaires) and Bengaluru(Karnataka) (116 billionaires).
Most Represented Sectors: The report showed that Pharmaceuticals sector continues to dominate as the most represented  sector, with 137 individuals featured in the list; followed by industrial products (132) and chemicals & petrochemicals (125).
India’s Youngest Billionaire: As per the latest report, Aravind Srinivas (31 year old), founder of Artificial Intelligence (AI) startup, Perplexity, has emerged as India’s youngest billionaire on the list with a net worth of Rs 21,900 crore.
Top Richest Indian Professional Managers: Jayshree Ullal, Chief Executive Officer(CEO) of Arista Networks, tops with a net worth of Rs.50,170 crore.
Richest Women in India: This year’s list featured 101 women, including 26 dollar billionaires.

• Dr. Garima Sawhney (39 year old), co-founder of Pristyn Care, emerged as the youngest self-made woman entrepreneur on the list.

>>Read Full News

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Lt General Virendra Vats Assumes Charge as DG of NCCOn October 01 ,2025, Lieutenant General Virendra Vats assumed charge as the 35th Director General (DG) of National Cadets Crops (NCC). He succeeds Lt Gen Gurbirpal Singh, who retired from service on September 30, 2025.

• He takes charge as NCC, the world’s largest uniformed youth body, expands its cadet strength to 20 lakh across 28 states and 8 Union Territories(UTs).

About Virendra Vats:
Service: He joined the Indian Army(IA) on December 17, 1988, in to the 19 KUMAON Regimens.
Experience: He has extensive experience in counter-insurgency and counter-terrorism operations, with deployments in Arunachal Pradesh(AR), Kashmir, and service at the Army Headquarters.
UN Mission Leadership: He commanded an Infantry Brigade under a United Nations(UN) mission in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Previous Appointment:Before becoming DG of NCC, he served as the Commandant of Defence Services Staff College, Wellington(New Zealand).

ACQUISITIONS & MERGERS

CCI Approved Acquisition of Jaiprakash Associates by Jindal Power
In September 2025, the Competition Commission of India (CCI), Ministry of Corporate Affairs (MCA), approved the proposed acquisition of the debt-ridden Jaiprakash Associates Limited (JAL) by Jindal Power Limited.

• The acquisition carries high financial stakes due to JAL’s substantial debt obligations of Rs 57,185 crore. 

Acquisition Overview:
Context of Approval: The approval is for a potential acquisition through the ongoing Corporate Insolvency Resolution Process (CIRP) under the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC), 2016.
Acquirer: Jindal Power Limited, incorporated under the Companies Act, 1956, is primarily engaged in the power sector, with its group having a global presence in steel, energy, and mining sectors.
Target: JAL is engaged in diverse business activities, including real estate, cement, hospitality, and Engineering, Procurement & Construction (EPC).

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Day of Older Persons 2025 – October 1The United Nations (UN’s) International Day of Older Persons (IDOP) is annually observed across the globe on 1st October to honor older persons and raise awareness about their rights and well-being.

• 2025 Theme: The theme of IDOP 2025 is “Older Persons Driving Local and Global Action: Our Aspirations, Our Well-Being, and Our Rights”

Background: 
Origin: IDOP can be traced to the 1982 World Assembly on Ageing, which adopted the Vienna International Plan of Action on Ageing.
Resolution: On December 14, 1990, the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) passed Resolution A/RES/45/106, officially designating October 1 as the IDOP.
First Observation: The IDOP was first observed on October 1, 1991.
Observance in India:
Events: On October 1, 2025, the Department of Social Justice & Empowerment (DoSJE), Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment (MoSJE), celebrates the IDOP under the theme Ageing with Dignity at Dr. Ambedkar International Centre, New Delhi, Delhi.
>>Read Full News

World Vegetarian Day 2025 – October 1World Vegetarian Day (WVD) is observed annually on 1st October across the globe to promote the ethical, environmental, and health benefits of a plant-based, meat-free lifestyle.

• The word “vegetarian” comes from the Latin term vegetus, meaning lively or vigorous.

Background:
Establishment: North American Vegetarian Society (NAVS), based in New York, the United States of America (USA), established World Vegetarian Day in 1977.
Global Reach: The International Vegetarian Union (IVU) endorsed WVD in 1978, giving it international recognition.
Extended Observance: WVD marks the beginning of Vegetarian Awareness Month (October 1–31), which concludes with World Vegan Day on 1st November.
International Vegetarian Week (IVW): Observed between October 1–7.
Types of Vegetarians:
Lacto Vegetarians: Consume dairy, avoid eggs & meat
Ovo-Lacto Vegetarians: Eat dairy & eggs, avoid meat
Ovo Vegetarians: Eat eggs, avoid dairy & meat
Vegans: Avoid all animal products (meat, dairy, eggs, honey) and often other animal-derived goods.
Key Facts:
Global Animal Farming: Around 70 billion land animals are farmed each year worldwide, mostly under intensive farming systems.
UN Statistics:According to the United Nations(UN), animal agriculture contributes nearly 15% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, exceeding the transport sector.
Benefits: A vegetarian diet can lower the risk of heart disease by up to 50%, aid in diabetes management, and help maintain a healthy weight.
India’s Position: India has the highest vegetarian population globally, with around 30–40% of its citizens following a vegetarian diet.

International Coffee Day 2025 – October 1International Coffee Day (ICD) is annually observed across the globe on October 1 to honour coffee and people behind it, highlighting the importance of coffee and promote fair trade and sustainable practices in coffee production.
Theme: 
2025 theme: “Embracing Collaboration More Than Ever”
Focus: This year’s emphasizes collaboration across the coffee value chain to ensure sustainable livelihoods and shared prosperity.

Background:
Background: In March 2014, the International Coffee Organization (ICO) Member States decided to celebrate ICD on 1st October annually, creating a global day for coffee enthusiasts.
First Observance: The first ever ICD was observed on 1st October 2015 by 74 Member States of the ICO and 26 coffee associations around the world.
Coincidence: The first ICD coincided with the 115th session of the International Coffee Council (ICC) and the first Global Coffee Forum (GCF) which took place during Expo Milan 2015 in Milan (Italy).
Date Significance: The date “October 1” aligns with the beginning of the “coffee year” in many producing countries.
About Coffee:
Origin: Coffee plant originated in Ethiopia and spread to the Middle East before making its way to Europe in the 15th century. It comes from coffee beans (seeds) of the berries from the Coffea plant, native to Ethiopia.

• The two main types of coffee beans are Arabica, which is known for its smooth taste, and Robusta, which has a stronger and more bitter flavor.

Popular Beverage: Coffee is one of the 3 most popular beverages in the world, alongside water and tea. It is the world’s second most traded commodity after oil.
Production: Countries such as Brazil, Vietnam, Colombia, Indonesia and Ethiopia are the top 5 producing countries.

• Indian States such as Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu (TN) are the top 3 coffee producing states.

Global Coffee Exports: World coffee exports reached 11.42 million bags in July 2025, slightly lower than 11.6 million bags in July 2024.
About International Coffee Organization (ICO):
Executive Director(ED) – Vanusia Nogueria
Headquarters – London, the United Kingdom (UK)
Established – 1963

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