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NATIONAL AFFAIRS
VINBAX-2024: 5th Joint Military Exercise between India & Vietnam held in Haryana
The 5th edition of the Vietnam-India Bilateral Army Exercise(VINBAX-2024) is being conducted at Ambala, Haryana and Chandimandir Military Station in Panchkula District of Haryana from November 4 to 23, 2024, marking a significant step in enhancing the defense ties between India and Vietnam.
- The aim of VINBAX-2024 is to strengthen the joint military readiness of both nations, particularly in areas crucial to United Nations (UN) peacekeeping missions.
- Troops will focus on engineering tasks and medical team deployment under Chapter VII of the UN Charter, which involves Peacekeeping Operations.
Representatives:
i.The Indian Army (IA) contingent, comprising 47 personnel, is represented by a Regiment of the Corps of Engineers, with additional support from other arms and services.
ii.The Vietnamese contingent mirrors this strength, with personnel from the Vietnam People’s Army.
About VINBAX-2024:
i.VINBAX-2024 is designed as an intense field training exercise, focusing on technical coordination and shared best practices.
ii.This year, VINBAX has expanded its scope, with participation from both the Army and Air Force of India and Vietnam for the first time, reflecting a deeper commitment to bilateral cooperation.
iii.It includes a 48-hour Validation Exercise, featuring a Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) demonstration and equipment exhibition.
iv.This exercise will test and validate the standards and readiness of both contingents in handling UN mission scenarios.
v.Beyond technical training, VINBAX-2024 offers both armies the chance to exchange insights into each other’s cultural and social heritage.
About VINBAX:
i.VINBAX, is an annual training exercise instituted in 2018, with the first edition was held in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh(MP).
ii.The exercise is annually conducted alternatively in India and Vietnam.
- The 4th edition of VINBAX, was conducted at Hanoi, Vietnam in December 2023.
About Vietnam:
Prime Minister (PM)- Pham Minh Chinh
Capital- Hanoi
Currency– Vietnamese dong (VND)
CWC Report: Himalayan Glacial Lakes Saw Over 10% Area Expansion from 2011 to 2024
According to the Central Water Commission (CWC)’s report, glacial lakes and other water bodies across the Himalayan region witnessed an overall increase of 10.81% in areas, from 5.33 lakh hectares (ha) in 2011 to 5.91 lakh ha in 2024 due to climate change, which indicates towards increased risk of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs).
- As per the report, the total inventory area of glacial lakes in India has increased by 33.7% i.e. from 1,962 ha during 2011 to 2,623 ha during 2024 (September).
Key Findings:
i.The report has identified 67 lakes in India that experienced an over 40% expansion in surface area, placing them in the high-risk category for potential GLOFs.
ii.The report has observed notable surface area expansions in regions like Ladakh, Himachal Pradesh (HP), Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh (AR), indicating a heightened risk of GLOFs and need for intensified monitoring and disaster preparedness.
iii.The report cautioned that the rapid expansion of these GLOFs which is attributed to increased melting of glaciers due to increasing temperatures in the region, could lead to severe consequences for downstream communities, infrastructure, and biodiversity.
- As per the report, the physical shrinking of mountain glaciers and expansion of glacial lakes are amongst the most common impacts of global warming.
iv.As per the report, the implications of area expansion of GLOFs extend beyond the flood risks and can impact water availability in major river systems of the region including the Ganga, Brahmaputra, and Indus.
Key Recommendations:
i.The report emphasized the importance of continuous monitoring of glacial lakes, even smaller lakes, due to their potential to sudden, catastrophic GLOFs.
- This includes rigorous monitoring and urgent risk management risk strategies.
ii.The CWC report highlighted about the transboundary risks posed by expanding glacial lakes in neighbouring countries including: Bhutan, Nepal and China.
- The report observed that due to interconnected nature of river basins across the Himalayan region, it is imperative to foster collaborations with these countries for effective risk mitigation.
- The report recommended for joint monitoring efforts and data sharing to build a more comprehensive risk assessment and mitigation strategy.
iii.The report emphasized the urgent need for international and regional cooperation in developing Early Warning Systems (EWS), which will help in enhancing disaster management plans, and promoting community awareness initiatives to protect vulnerable populations.
About Central Water Commission (CWC):
Chairman- Kushvinder Vohra
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
DPIIT amends Bicycle Retro-Reflective Devices (Quality Control) Order, 2020
The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry(MoC&I) has amended the Bicycle Retro-Reflective Devices (Quality Control) Order, 2020 notified on 9th July 2020 and came into effect on 1st July 2023.
i.The QCO on Bicycle Retro-Reflective Devices (Quality Control) Amendment Order, 2024 is one of the many initiatives for quality ecosystem development, attracting investments and fostering entrepreneurial talent that places paramount importance on product quality.
ii.The relaxations introduced in the Order include,
- Exemption for import of 200 bicycle reflectors for the purpose of Research and Development (R&D) by manufacturers of such goods and articles through a specific provision.
- Exemption for import of bicycle reflectors by bicycle manufacturers in India for export purposes, subject to certain conditions.
iii.This will promote growth in the corridors of performance, durability, and dependency.
Note: DPIIT has been issuing Quality Control Orders (QCOs) since 1987, covering 81 QCOs for over 330 products under the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) Act.
IIM Shillong signs MoU with SIDBI to launch entrepreneurship training and incubation programme
Indian Institute of Management(IIM) Shillong, Meghalaya, through its IIM ShillongFoundation for Incubation and Enterprise (IIMSFIE), signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI), to launch an entrepreneurship training and incubation program in the Northeast region.
i.The partnership introduces the Skill to Enterprise Model (STEM) Programme, to equip aspiring entrepreneurs with the necessary skills, knowledge, and mentorship to build sustainable businesses.
ii.This initiative will offer an 18-month entrepreneurship training programme for 30 selected participants, combining classroom learning, hands-on experience, and incubation support.
INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS
India Joins ARIN-AP Steering Committee; assume Presidency & Host AGM in 2026
India has joined the Steering Committee of the Asset Recovery Interagency Network-Asia Pacific (ARIN-AP) to combat economic crimes and enhance asset recovery capabilities.
- The Directorate of Enforcement (ED), which represents India in this network, is tasked with investigating offenses related to money laundering and violations of foreign exchange laws.
- The platform has enabled ED to obtain and share intelligence informally, paving the way for formal actions through bilateral or multilateral agreements.
Key Points:
i.India will assume the Presidency of the network in 2026 and host its Annual General Meeting (AGM) in 2026.
ii.Now India can contribute to ARIN-AP’s decision-making and administrative responsibilities, furthering its mission to combat economic crimes and support asset recovery at a global scale.
iii.This alignment reflects India’s commitment to international cooperation on financial crimes and supports its broader strategic goals under the G-20 (Group of Twenty) framework, particularly the Nine Point Agenda focused on fugitive economic offenders and asset recovery.
About ARIN-AP:
i.It is a multi-agency network based in Seoul, South Korea facilitating the exchange of information regarding individuals, companies, and assets involved in unlawful activities across the Asia-Pacific region.
ii.It has 28 member jurisdictions and 9 observers.
iii.It operates under the framework of the Paris, France-based Camden Asset Recovery Inter-Agency Network (CARIN), which includes over 100 jurisdictions worldwide.
Objectives:
i.Pursuing and recovering assets derived from all types of crime.
ii.Establishing a center of expertise in asset recovery to foster best practices.
iii.Facilitating training and partnerships with organizations such as the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
About Enforcement Directorate (ED):
It is responsible for enforcement of the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA) and certain provisions under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act. It is working under the Department of Revenue(DoR) in the Ministry of Finance(MoF).
Director – Rahul Navin
Headquarters – New Delhi(Delhi)
Established – 1956
ECONOMY & BUSINESS
ADB Report: India to Face 24.7% GDP Loss by 2070 Due to Climate Change
According to the inaugural edition of Asian Development Bank (ADB)’s report titled “Asia-Pacific Climate Report 2024: Catalyzing Finance and Policy Solutions”, climate change under a high-end emissions scenarios could potentially lead to 16.9% loss in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) by 2070 across the Asia-Pacific region, with India projected to witness a 24.7% GDP decline.
- It has further estimated that Asia-Pacific will experience 41% loss in GDP by 2100.
- The report has outlined rising sea levels and decreasing labour productivity would attribute the most significant losses, with lower-income and vulnerable economies being affected the most.
i.The report has cautioned that if the climate crisis continues to accelerate, then up to 300 million people in the region could be at risk from coastal inundation and trillions of dollars’ worth of coastal assets could face annual damage by 2070.
ii.Among the countries and sub-regions assessed by the report, these losses are prominent in Bangladesh (30.5%), Vietnam (30.2%), Indonesia (26.8%), India (24.7), the rest of Southeast Asia’ (23.4%), higher-income Southeast Asia (22%), Pakistan (21.1%), the Pacific (18.6%), and the Philippines (18.1%).
About Asian Development Bank(ADB):
President– Masatsugu Asakawa(Japan)
Headquarters– Manila, the Philippines
Members Nations- 69 (49 members nations are from Asia-Pacific region)
Established– 1966
>> ReadFull News
AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS
11th Edelgive Hurun India Philanthropy list ; Shiv Nadar Tops
The 11th edition of the Hurun India Philanthropy list has been released by the EdelGive Foundation in partnership with Hurun India on 7th November 2024 in which Shiv Nadar (79) and his family have retained the title of India’s Most Generous for the third time in five years as he donated Rs 2,153 crore during the Financial Year (FY) 2023-24.
- The 2nd spot on the list was occupied by Chairman and Managing director(CMD) of Reliance Industries Limited, Mukesh Ambani who donated Rs 407 crore. The 3rd spot was secured by the Bajaj family with a donation of Rs 352 crore.
- Rohini Nilekani (69),co-founder and director of EkStep, has been named as the India’s most generous woman with a personal donation of Rs.154 crores and led the list of Indian women philanthropists.
- Zerodha co-founder Nikhil Kamath has been listed as one of the youngest philanthropists in the EdelGive-Hurun India Philanthropy List 2024 at 38 years.
About Hurun India :
Founder and Chief Researcher – Anas Rahman Junaid
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Founded– 2012
>> ReadFull News
FIH Star Awards 2024: Harmanpreet Singh Named as the Men’s Player of the Year; PR Sreejesh Bagged Men’s Goalkeeper of the Year Award
On 8th November 2024, Indian men’s hockey team captain Harmanpreet Singh and former Goalkeeper of Indian hockey team Parattu Raveendran (PR) Sreejesh have won the International Hockey Federation (FIH) Men’s Player of the Year and Men’s Goalkeeper of the Year award, respectively during the ceremony held at the 49th FIH Statutory Congress held in Muscat, Oman.
- The winners were determined through a voting process involving an expert panel, national hockey associations, fans and media.
i.Harmanpreet Singh had previously won the FIH Men’s Player of the Year award in 2020-21 and 2021-22.
- He won this title by securing 63.84% of the votes. While, Joop de Mol (the Netherlands) finished at 2nd position with 16.10% of the total vote share.
ii.PR Sreejesh, popularly known as “The Wall of India” won his 3rd FIH Men’s Goalkeeper of the Year award. Earlier, he won this title for two consecutive years i.e. in 2021 and 2022.
- He won this title by securing over 62% of the votes. While, the 2nd position was secured by Olympic Gold medallist Pimrin Blaak (the Netherlands), who received 22% of the votes.
About International Hockey Federation (FIH):
President- Tayyab Ikram
Headquarters- Lausanne, Switzerland
Established- 1924
>> ReadFull News
Collins Dictionary Named ‘Brat’ as Word of the Year 2024
Collins Dictionary, a printed and online dictionary published by HarperCollins in Glasgow(Scotland), has named “Brat”, redefined by British singer Charli XCX, as the Collins Word of the Year for 2024.
- Originally known as a term for a misbehaving child, “brat” has transformed into a symbol of confidence, independence, and hedonism.
Note– Previous Collins’ Word of the year includes “AI”- Artificial Intelligence (2023); “Permacrisis” (2022); “NFT”- Non-Fungible Token (2021).
Key points:
i.Collins Dictionary noted that “brat” has become more than a word. It’s a cultural phenomenon with an impact that resonates across music, politics, and social identity.
ii.This transformation began with Charli XCX’s hit sixth album Brat, which became a global sensation and inspired the phrase “brat summer”, a style and lifestyle embraced by fans.
iii.Charli XCX, whose real name is Charlotte Emma Aitchison, described the typical brat girl as someone “who is a little messy and likes to party and maybe says some dumb things sometimes, who feels herself, but then also maybe has a breakdown, but kind of parties through it
2024 Shortlisted Words:
- Delulu – A playful term meaning to be completely mistaken or unrealistic in one’s expectations.
- Looksmaxxing – Popular in online communities, this term describes the effort to maximize physical attractiveness.
- Brainrot – Used to describe a state where someone can’t think clearly, often due to being overly absorbed in something.
- Era – Inspired by Taylor Swift’s Eras Tour, it signifies a focus on different life phases or themes.
- Anti-tourism – Refers to a movement against mainstream tourism, favoring less commercial, more authentic travel experiences.
- Romantasy – A blend of romance and fantasy, representing the growing trend of seeking escapism through romantic fantasy stories.
- Rawdogging – Taking on an experience, like a long journey, without any form of entertainment.
- Yapping – Talking at length about trivial topics.
- Supermajority – A substantial majority in a legislative body, allowing laws to be passed with little opposition.
Thiruvananthapuram Corporation: 1st Indian City to win Global Award for Sustainable Development in Cities
The Thiruvananthapuram Municipal Corporation in Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, has become the first Indian city to win the Global Award for Sustainable Development in Cities, also known as the Shanghai Award.
- The award ceremony was held on 2nd November 2024, in Alexandria, Egypt, coinciding with the observance of World Cities Day 2024.
- The award was received by Thiruvananthapuram’s Mayor, Arya Rajendran, along with the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Smart City Thiruvananthapuram Ltd., Rahul Sharma.
Note: It should be noted that 5 global cities were selected for the award this year, with Agadir (Morocco), Melbourne (Australia), Doha (Qatar), and Iztapalapa (Mexico) also being recognized alongside Thiruvananthapuram.
Key Projects:
i.Installation of 17,000 KW (KiloWatt) of solar panels and 2,000 solar streetlights.
ii.Conversion of all streetlights to LED (Light-emitting diode) technology.
iii.Introduction of 115 electric buses and 100 electric autos, delivery of 100 e-autos to unemployed youths, and 35 e-scooters for the corporation’s use.
iv.Cultural and smart city initiatives like the Manaveeyam Veedhi cultural street and advancements in IT (Information Technology) and e-governance through an Integrated Command & Control Center.
About Award:
The Global Award for Sustainable Development in Cities, launched by United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN Habitat) and the Shanghai Municipality, recognizes cities advancing sustainable practices aligned with the 2030 Agenda and New Urban Agenda, focusing on Sustainable Development Goal 11 (SDG 11) to create inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable cities.
APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS
Justice Sanjiv Khanna Sworn in as 51st Chief Justice of India
Justice Sanjiv Khanna was sworn in as the 51st Chief Justice of India (CJI) succeeding Justice Dhananjaya Yeshwant (DY) Chandrachud who retired on November 10, 2024.
- Justice Sanjiv Khanna will hold the post till May 13, 2025.
- The oath of office was administered by President Droupadi Murmu during a ceremony at Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi, Delhi, attended by prominent dignitaries including Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi and other cabinet members.
About Justice Sanjiv Khanna:
i.Justice Sanjiv Khanna enrolled as an advocate with the Bar Council of Delhi in 1983.
ii.He was elevated as an additional judge of the Delhi High Court in 2005 and was made a permanent judge in 2006 and later became a Judge of the Supreme Court of India on 18th January 2019.
iii.He held the post of Chairman, Supreme Court Legal Service Committee, from 17th June 2023 till 25th December 2023.
iv.He is presently the Executive Chairman of National Legal Services Authority and a member of the Governing Counsel of the National Judicial Academy, Bhopal.
v.He has been part of several landmark judgments. Some significant cases include:
- Revocation of Article 370: Upholding the abrogation of Jammu and Kashmir’s special status.
- Electoral Bonds Scheme: Declaring the scheme unconstitutional due to its violation of transparency principles.
- Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs): Upholding their use while ensuring that adequate safeguards are in place
Maia Sandu Re-elected as President of Moldova for 2nd Term
Maia Sandu(52 years old), a former World Bank economist, has been re-elected to a 2nd term as the President of Moldova. She received 55.33% of the vote against 44.67% for Alexandr Stoianoglo, a former prosecutor general backed by the pro-Russian Socialist Party
- She previously served as the President of the Republic of Moldova from 2020 to 2024.
About Maia Sandu:
i.Maia Sandu served as the Consultant, Deputy head of department at the Ministry of Economy from 1994 to 1998.
ii.She also served as an economist at the World Bank Office in Chisinau, capital of Moldova, from March 1998 to August 2005.
iii.She has also served as the Director of the Directorate-General for Macroeconomic Policy and Development Programs at the Ministry of Economy and Trade from August 2005 to July 2006.
iv.She has also served as the Adviser of the Executive Director of the World Bank in Washington, The United States of America(USA) from June 2010 to July 2012.
v.She served as the Minister of Education in the Government of the Republic of Moldova from 2012 and 2015.
vi.She founded the Action and Solidarity Party (PAS) in May 2016 and she served as PAS Party President until December 2020.
vii.She acted as a Member of Parliament (MP) of the Republic of Moldova from February to June 2019.
viii.She was appointed as Moldova’s Prime Minister(PM) from June 2019 to November 2019.
About Republic of Moldova:
President– Maia Sandu
Prime Minister(PM)- Dorin Recean
Capital– Chișinău
Currency– Moldovan Leu (MDL)
MS Dhoni Appointed as Brand Ambassador for Jharkhand Assembly Election
The former Indian cricket captain, Mahendra Singh Dhoni (MS Dhoni) has been appointed as the brand ambassador for the upcoming Jharkhand election by the Election Commission.
- Dhoni will help raise awareness about voting through the SWEEP (Systematic Voters Education and Electoral Participation) program, aiming to encourage more people to vote by using his popularity.
Jharkhand Election: The elections for 81 assembly seats will be held in two phases on November 13 and November 20 with 43 constituencies. The results to be announced on November 23.
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
ISRO launches India’s 1st Analog Space Mission in Ladakh’s Leh
India’s first Mars and Moon analog mission has been launched in Leh, Ladakh, to simulate life in an interplanetary habitat by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). The mission is a collaboration between ISRO, AAKA Space Studio Pvt. Ltd.; the University of Ladakh; IIT (Indian Institute of Technology) Bombay, Maharashtra; and the Ladakh Autonomous Hill Development Council (LAHDC).
- This initiative supports India’s space exploration goals, particularly the Gaganyaan program, which aims to send Indian astronauts into space.
Why Ladakh is Chosen?
Ladakh was selected for its environmental similarities to Mars and the Moon, with extreme temperature shifts (15°C to -10°C), high altitude (3,500 meters), and low oxygen levels (40% of sea level).
- These conditions make it ideal for testing life support systems, thermal insulation, and rover mobility, as its rocky, sandy soil mirrors Martian and lunar regolith.
Mission Overview:
The mission features a compact inflatable habitat, Hab-1, with essential facilities like a hydroponics farm, kitchen, and sanitation systems. It includes advanced technologies such as airlocks, Extra-Vehicular Activities (EVA) zones, circadian lighting, and an environment monitoring system to simulate a self-sustaining space habitat.
- The goal is to assess life support, habitat sustainability, resource management, and the psychological effects of isolation in harsh conditions.
Global Context:
Analog missions are also being conducted by other space agencies and private entities worldwide. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA’s) Analog Missions Project and the Analog Astronaut Training Center (AATC) in Poland are prominent examples, focusing on human physiology, operational training, and technology testing in simulated extraterrestrial environments.
About Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO):
Chairman– Dr. Sreedhara Panicker Somanath
Headquarters– Bengaluru, Karnataka
Establishment– 1969
Scientists Unveil Discover of a 6th Ocean Hidden 700 km below Earth’s Surface
Scientists have unveiled the discovery of a massive underground 6th ocean, located about 700 kilometers (km) below the surface of Earth’s mantle, which is three times the size of all the Earth’s surface oceans combined.
i.Instead of being in liquid form, this underground ocean is made up of water trapped within the crystalline structure of a blue mineral known as ringwoodite.
ii.The research team, led by geophysicist Steven Jacobsen, utilized seismic data from thousands of earthquakes to uncover this concealed water source.
IMPORTANT DAYS
World Science Day for Peace and Development 2024 – November 10
The United Nations (UN)’s World Science Day for Peace and Development is annually observed across the globe on 10th November to highlight the role of science in society and the need to engage the general people in discussion about rising scientific concerns.
- 10th November 2024 marks the observance of the 23rd edition of World Science Day for Peace and Development.
- The 2024 observance was held under the aegis of the International Decade of Sciences for Sustainable Development ( 2024-2033).
- The theme of World Science Day for Peace and Development 2024 is “Youth at the Forefront”.
Background:
i.In 2001, the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO), proclaimed the 10th November of every year as the World Science Day for Peace and Development.
ii.The first-ever World Science Day for Peace and Development was observed on 10th November 2002.
About United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO):
Director General(DG)– Audrey Azoulay
Headquarters– Paris, France
Established– 1945
Members– 193 members and 11 Associate members
>> ReadFull News
National Education Day 2024 – November 11
National Education Day (NED) is annually observed across India on 11 November to mark the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first education minister of independent India.
- The day highlights the importance of providing quality education and skill development opportunities.
Note: 11th November 2024 marks the 136th birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, who was born on 11th November 1888.
Background:
i.In 2008, the Ministry of Human Resource Development(MHRD), now known as the Ministry of Education (MoE), designated 11 November, the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, as National Education Day.
ii.The first-ever NED was observed on 11 November 2008.
About Ministry of Education(MoE):
Union Minister – Dharmendra Pradhan(Constituency -Sambalpur, Odisha)
Minister of State(MoS) – Jayant Chaudhary(Rajya Sabha – Uttar Pradesh, UP) and Sukanta Majumdar(Constituency – Balurghat, West Bengal, WB)
>> ReadFull News
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