Current Affairs 13 November 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

MoFAHD Notified Rules for Sustainable Harnessing of Fisheries in EEZIn  November 2025, the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry and Dairying (MoFAHD), notified the “Sustainable Harnessing of Fisheries in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ)” Rules, fulfilling the Union Budget 2025–26 commitment to create a framework for sustainable fisheries and unlock India’s marine potential.

• The Sustainable Harnessing of Fisheries in the EEZ Rules, 2025, notified under the Territorial Waters, Continental Shelf, Exclusive Economic Zone and Other Maritime Zones Act, 1976, came into force on 4 November 2025.

About Sustainable Harnessing of Fisheries in EEZ Rules, 2025, :
Priority:The Rules apply to all fishing and related activities in India’s EEZ, prioritizing Fishermen Cooperative Societies and Fish Farmer Producer Organizations (FFPOs) for deep‑sea fishing and advanced vessel operations.
Access Pass: Mechanized and motorized fishing vessels measuring 24 meters(m) or more must obtain an Access Pass via Registration And Licensing of Fishing Craft (ReALCRaft) to operate in the EEZ. It is issued under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958.

• The Access Pass is valid for three years and must be renewed at least 30 days before expiration.

Sustainable Practices: Harmful fishing methods like Light Emitting Diode (LED) light fishing, pair trawling, and bull trawling prohibited.
Innovation :“Mother-and-child vessel” concept for mid-sea transshipment, aiding island regions.
>>Read Full News

Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan Launches ‘Watershed Mahotsav‘ in Guntur, APOn 11 November 2025, the Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, Ministry of Rural Development (MoRD) along with Minister of State (MoS) Dr. Pemmasani Chandrasekhar, MoRD, launched the ‘Watershed Mahotsav’ in Guntur, Andhra Pradesh (AP), marking a national celebration of community-led water rejuvenation, soil health enhancement, and sustainable rural transformation.

• During the event, they inaugurated the Vengalayapalem Tank Rejuvenation Project as a model for participatory water management .
• The event was organised as part of the National Watershed Conference, held from 10-11 November 2025, by the Department of Land Resources (DoLR), MoRD in collaboration with the Government of AP.

Key Launches:
Digital Bhumi Poojan: Union Minister Shivraj Singh Chouhan, MoRD, conducted the digital groundbreaking for new watershed works.
Project Lokarpan: MoS Dr. Pemmasani Chandrasekhar, MoRD, performed the Lokarpan (dedication) of completed watershed projects, showcasing the achievements of community-led water conservation efforts.
Mission Launch: Mission Watershed Punarutthaan introduced to rejuvenate degraded landscapes through participatory planning.
Award Felicitation: Winners of Watershed Jan Bhagidari Cup 2025 honoured for community-led water conservation efforts.
About Vengalayapalem Tank Rejuvenation Project:
Implementation: Implemented under the Watershed Development Component of Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (WDC–PMKSY) by the Government of India.
Revival: Revived a 150-year-old, 21-acre water tank in Vengalayapalem village, Guntur Rural Mandal, AP.
Cost: Developed at a total cost of Rs.1.20 crore as a pilot project of the Watershed Mahotsav.
About Andhra Pradesh(AP):
Chief Minister (CM)- Nara Chandrababu Naidu
Governor– Justice (Retd.) S. Abdul Nazeer
National Park (NP) – Rajiv Gandhi (Rameswaram) NP and Papikonda NP
>>Read Full News

JSW Energy Commissioned India’s Largest Green Hydrogen Plant in Karnataka
In November 2025, JSW Energy Limited has commissioned its 1st and India’s largest green hydrogen manufacturing plant at Vijayanagar in Karnataka. This new facility was established under the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM) and its Production Linked Incentive (PLI) Scheme Tranche-I.

About Green Hydrogen Plant :
Supply: This newly commissioned facility will supply 3,800 Tons Per Annum (TPA) of green hydrogen and 30,000 TPA of green oxygen directly to the steelmaker’s Direct Reduced Iron (DRI) unit for low-carbon steel production under a 7-year offtake agreement.

• This initiative is part of its 6,800 TPA allocation under the Strategic Interventions for Green Hydrogen Transition (SIGHT) programme by the Solar Energy Corporation of India (SECI).

Key Target: The company has set the target to achieve 30 Giga Watt (GW) of generation capacity and 40 Giga Watt hour (GWh) of energy storage capacity by the Financial Year 2029-30 (FY30).
Alignment: It aligns with the GoI’s goal of producing nearly 5 million tones(MT) of green hydrogen per annum by 2030.
MoU: JSW Energy also signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with JSW Steel to gradually increase the supply to 85,000-90,000 TPA of green hydrogen and 7.2 lakh TPA of green oxygen by 2030.

NSO: India’s Unemployment Rate Declined to 5.2% in Q2FY26
In November 20245, the National Statistical Office (NSO) under the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MoSPI), released the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) Quarterly Bulletin (July to September 2025). As per the report, India’s Unemployment Rate (UR) among persons aged 15 years and above declined by 20 basis points (bps), to 5.2% in 2nd Quarter(Q2:July-September) of Financial Year 2025-26 (FY26), from 5.4% in Q1 of FY26.

Key Findings:
UR: The UR in rural areas decreased from 4.8% (Q1FY26) to 4.4% in Q2FY26) while urban UR increased from 6.8% to 6.9% over the same time period.

• Uttarakhand registered the highest UR at 8.9% (QFY26), followed by Andhra Pradesh (AP) (8.2%), and Kerala (8%).

LFPR: The overall Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) for individuals aged 15 and above rose slightly from 55% in Q1 FY26 to 55.1% in Q2 FY26.

• Female participation improved from 33.4% to 33.7%,while male participation declined from 77.3% to 77.2%.

Sector-wise: Agriculture employed 42.4% of the workforce, followed by the tertiary sector at 33.5% and the secondary sector, including mining and quarrying, at 24.2%.

NHA renews MoU with DHR and ICMR to strengthen evidence-based health-care decision making
In November 2025, the National Health Authority (NHA), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), renewed its Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with the Department of Health Research (DHR), MoHFW and the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) to strengthen evidence-based healthcare delivery in India.

• The MoU was signed by Dr. Sunil Kumar Barnwal, Chief Executive Officer(CEO) of NHA, and Dr. Rajiv Bahl, Secretary, DHR and Director General(DG), ICMR.

Key Details of MoU:
Aim: The renewed partnership aims to enhance decision-making and optimize healthcare resource allocation under the Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB-PMJAY) and the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM).
Focus: The partnership emphasizes optimizing healthcare costs through the National Costing Initiative and implementing DHR/ICMR’s Standard Treatment Workflows (STWs) to enhance quality and efficiency.
Digital Health Evaluation: Under this initiative, DHR and ICMR, through Health Technology Assessment India (HTAIn), will assess digital health tools such as Electronic Health Records (EHRs), telemedicine, and Artificial Intelligence(AI)-based diagnostics to ensure affordability, efficiency, and sustainability within the ABDM ecosystem.
Background: The collaboration, first initiated in 2019, leveraged Health Technology Assessment (HTA) to evaluate the cost-effectiveness and clinical impact of medical procedures under AB-PMJAY.

Collins Aerospace Inaugurates USD 100 Million Manufacturing Facility in Bengaluru
In November 2025, the aerospace and defence major Collins Aerospace, a subsidiary of the United States of AMerica(USA) based RTX Corporation, announced the opening of its new operations center at the Karnataka Industrial Areas Development Boards(KIADB) Aerospace Park in Bengaluru, Karnataka with a planned investment of USD 100 million.

About Manufacturing Facility:
CIOC: The facility, named the Collins India Operations Center (CIOC), will initially produce aircraft seats, lighting and cargo systems, temperature sensors, communication and navigation systems, water solutions, and evacuation slides.
Facility:  It will be equipped with advanced manufacturing technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI), additive manufacturing, and robotics.
Investment Strategy: This investment forms part of RTX’s broader USD 250 million expansion plan in India, where USD 100 million is allocated to this facility, with the remaining USD 150 million for engineering, testing, and strategic aerospace partnerships.

Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman Inaugurated India’s 1st Modern River Ferry Terminal in Guwahati
In November 2025, Union Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, Ministry of Finance (MoF) inaugurated Guwahati Gateway Terminal and Jetty, India’s 1st modern river ferry terminal built on the banks of Brahamputra River, during her two-day visit to the state.

• This new terminal was constructed  by the Assam Inland Water Transport Development Society (AIWTDS) at a cost of Rs 304.95 crore.

Key Details:
Central Hub: This newly inaugurated terminal will serve as a central hub for all ferry and vessel operations under Assam’s Inland Water Transport Department.
Fund: The terminal is part of a larger initiative to modernize Assam’s inland water transport with the support of USD 88 million loan assistance from the World Bank.
Features: The 180 metre (m)-long jetty transforms urban transport and tourism in Assam with state-of-the art-facilities like: 100-seat waiting lounge, structured boarding zones and observatory deck.

• Designed to handle six modern catamaran vessels simultaneously, it will ease cross-river traffic and reduce reliance on congested road networks.

Other Key Launch: Apart from  this new terminal, Union Finance Minister inaugurated the Brahmaputra Riverfront Development Project- Sati Radhika Shaanti Udyan, built at a cost of  over Rs 327 crore under the Smart City Mission.

• This new 1.2 kilometer (km) long Guwahati Riverfront, stretching from Kachari Ghat to the new DC Bungalow, features 7 intricately designed gateways that celebrates Assam’s rich cultural heritage.

MeitY Secretary S. Krishnan Inaugurates “Cyber Bharat Setu” Workshop in Tripura
In November 2025,  Secretary, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY), inaugurated the two‑day National Cybersecurity Exercise titled “Cyber Bharat Setu: Bridging States, Securing Bharat” to enhance cyber awareness, readiness, and response capabilities, in Agartala, Tripura.

• The workshop, held from 11th–12th November 2025, was organized by the Directorate of Information Technology (DIT), Government of Tripura, in collaboration with the Indian Computer Emergency Response Team (CERT-In), MeitY.

About Cyber Bharat Setu Workshop:
Objective: Build a Cyber Resilient Bharat by enhancing nationwide cybersecurity awareness, preparedness, and response through expert training and realistic simulation exercises.
Sessions: Featured interactive training, hands-on drills, and scenario-based simulations to enhance institutional and technical preparedness.
Key Launches:

• Tripura Cyber Security Policy 2025 (TCSP 2.0): Framework to build a resilient, adaptive, and citizen‑centric cyber ecosystem securing Tripura’s IT(Information Technology), ICT (Information and Communication Technology) systems.
• Tripura Cyber Security Awareness Month 2025 (TCSAM 2025): The month-long campaign with mascot “Raksha Mitra” featuring workshops, cyber hygiene sessions, competitions, and citizen online safety training.

Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar Inaugurated India’s 1st MWh-Scale VFRB at NTPC NETRA
In November 2025, Union Minister Manohar Lal Khattar, Ministry of Power (MoP) and Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) inaugurated India’s largest as well as 1st MegaWatt-hour (MWh) Vanadium Redox Flow Battery (VRFB) system of 3 MWh capacity at NTPC Energy Technology Research Alliance (NETRA) , the Research and Development (R&D) center of NTPC Limited (formerly known as National Thermal Power Corporation), at Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh (UP).

• This marks a significant milestone in India’s advancement towards Long-Duration Energy Storage (LDES) solutions, enhancing Renewable Energy (RE) integration and grid resilience.

Key Highlights:
Significance: This new VRB technology will enable large-scale storage of RE, especially during fluctuations in solar and wind power generation.
Reviewed Other Key Projects: During his visit to NETRA, Union Minister visited various demonstration plants: Green Hydrogen Mobility Plant, STP Water-based Green Hydrogen Plant, Solid Oxide-based High Temperature Steam Electrolyzer, among others.
Feature: The VRFB system stores energy in liquid vanadium electrolyte, offering longer life, scalability, enhanced safety, and better performance compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

Overview of President Droupadi Murmu’s Visit to Angola from November 8 to 11, 2025The President of India Droupadi Murmu was on a four-day official visit to Angola from November 8 to 11, 2025, at the invitation of Angolan President João Manuel Gonçalves Lourenço, marking the first-ever visit by an Indian President to the country.

• The visit marks the 40th anniversary of diplomatic relations between India and Angola, established in 1985, and coincides with Angola’s 50th Independence Day celebration on November 11, 2025.

Highlights of President Droupadi Murmu’s Visit to Angola:
Bilateral Meeting: On November 9, 2025, during the visit, President Droupadi Murmu and President Joao Lourenco held discussions on political, economic, defence, and cultural cooperation, reaffirming their commitment to multilateralism and cooperation in global forums.
National Assembly: On November 10, 2025, President Droupadi Murmu addressed the National Assembly of Angola in Luanda, marking the first Indian head to address the national assembly of Angola.
Independence Day Celebration: On November 11, 2025, At the invitation of Angolan President Joao Lourenco, President Droupadi Murmu, participated in the 50th Independence Day celebrations of Angola, held at Praca da Republica in Luanda.
Key Outcomes:

• A Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed between the Ministry of Fisheries, Animal Husbandry & Dairying (MoFAHD), Government of India (GoI), and Angola’s Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Resources to promote joint research, technology sharing, and capacity-building in the field of fisheries and aquaculture.
• MoU was signed between the Ministry of External Affairs (MEA), GoI, and Ministry of External Relations, Angola to improve consular services and citizen support systems between India and Angola.

Line of Credit: During the visit, India proposed to finalise a USD 200 million Line of Credit (LoC) to Angola, aimed at supporting joint projects in the defence and energy sectors.
>>Read Full News

India-Vietnam Military Exercise VINBAX 2025 Begins in Hanoi, VietnamThe 6th edition of Vietnam-India Bilateral Army Exercise (VINBAX), a bilateral military exercise between India and Vietnam, began on November 11, 2025, at the National Military Training Centre 4 in Hanoi, Vietnam.

• The 18-day exercise, which will continue till November 27, 2025, brings together around 300 personnel from the Indian Army (IA) and the Vietnam People’s Army (VPA).

Exercise VINBAX 2025:
Inaugural Ceremony: It was presided by Rajesh Kumar Singh, Secretary, Ministry of Defence (MoD), and Senior Lieutenant General Phung Si Tan, Deputy Chief of General Staff, VPA.
Participants: From the Indian side, troops from an Engineer Regiment and a Medical Corps detachment under the Southwestern Command.

• From the Vietnam side, personnel from the Peacekeeping Units of VPA and Military Engineering and Medical units.

Background: The first edition of VINBAX was held in 2018 in Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh (MP). It was formed as part of India’s Act East Policy and to strengthen ties with Vietnam.
About Vietnam:
Prime Minister (PM) – Pham Minh Chinh
Capital – Hanoi
Currency – Vietnamese dong, VND
>>Read Full News

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI Recognised SRPA as SRO for Payment System Operators
In November 2025, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) recognized the Self-Regulated Payment System Operators (PSO) Association (SRPA) as the Self-Regulatory Organization (SRO) for Payment System Operators(PSOs) in India.

• This latest recognition follows the RBI’s Framework for Recognition of Self-Regulatory Organisations for PSO issued in October 2020, and the Omnibus Framework  for Recognition of SROs for Regular Entities (RE) of the RBI issued in March 2024.

About SRPA:
Key Functions: As per RBI directions, SRPA recognised as an SRO, has been mandated to set up behavioural and professional standards for its members, resolve inter-PSO disputes, and act as the collective voice of the payments industry in consultations with the RBI and other authorities.

• It has also been tasked to monitor member compliance and report violations of RBI guidelines or the Payment and Settlement Systems Act, (PSS Act, 2007).

SRPA Members: Infibeam Avenues (CC Avenue), BillDesk, Razorpay, PhonePe, CRED, Mobikwik, Mswipe, Euronet, Spice Money, Unimoni, In Solutions, Zokudo, among others.
Total SROs: At present, four SROs have been recognised: Sa-Dhan and Microfinance Network (MFIN) for microfinance, Fintech Association for Consumer Empowerment (FACE) for the fintech sector (Aug 2024), and (FIDC) for Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) sector (in October 2025).

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

IndiGo Signed Codeshare Pact with China Southern Airlines
In November 2025, IndiGo, the airline business of InterGlobe Aviation Limited, signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with China Southern Airlines to establish a codeshare partnership and mutual cooperation agreement, subject to regulatory approvals. Currently, IndiGo maintains codeshare agreements with 12 airlines.

• A codeshare is a marketing arrangement in which two airlines sell tickets on each other’s flights, sharing network access.

About Codeshare Partnership
Objective: Offer enhanced travel options and integrated itineraries between India and China.
Network Access: Each airline can sell tickets on the other’s flights, expanding connectivity.
Passenger Benefits: Smoother check-in process, single-ticket travel, and broader access to both airlines’ networks.
Background: Direct air travel between India and China, which was suspended in early 2020 due to the pandemic and geopolitical tensions, has resumed with IndiGo operating daily Delhi–Guangzhou flights and having earlier restarted its Kolkata–Guangzhou service in October 2025.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

TN’s Kovalam Beach Retained Blue Flag Certification for 5th Consecutive YearIn November 2025, Kovalam beach located in Chengalpatu district of Tamil Nadu (TN), retained the International Blue Flag Certification for the 5th consecutive year for 2025-26.

• In September 2021, Kovalam beach received the 1st Blue Flag Certification, becoming the 1st beach from TN to receive such global recognition.
• The beach recorded over 5.5 lakh visitors in the previous year (2024-25), which reflects its rising popularity as an eco-beach destination model.

Selection of 10 New Beaches from TN:
Based on this latest recognition, the state government of TN has selected 10 other beaches across the state for the global certification:

• 4 beaches in Chennai: Marina Beach, Palavakkam Beach, Thiruvanmiyur Beach and Uthandi Beach;
• 2 in Cuddalore: Silver Beach and Saamiyarpettai Beach;
• Remaining 4 beaches: Keelapudhupattu Beach (in Villupuram) , Kameshwaram Beach (in Nagapattinam), Ariyaman (in Ramanathpuram) and Kulasekarapattinam (inTuticorin).

About Blue Flag Certification:
Overview: It is a globally recognised eco-label awarded by Denmark’s Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE) across 3 main categories: beaches, marinas, and sustainable tourism operators.
Renewal Process: This global certification is subject to annual renewal following detailed inspections by national and international committees, assesses compliance based on 33 parameters across 4 main categories namely: environmental education and information, water quality, environmental management, and safety & services.
Total Blue Flag-Certified Indian Beaches: In October 2025, 5 beaches from Maharashtra received the International Blue Flag Certification, bringing the total number of Blue Flag-Certified beaches from India to 18.
About Foundation for Environmental Education (FEE):
It is one of the world’s largest environmental education organisations, with more than 110 member organisations in 85 countries.
Chief Executive Officer (CEO)- Daniel Schaffer
Headquarters- Copenhagen, Denmark
Established- 1981

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Shailesh Chandra Becomes First Indian to head Global Auto Body OICAIn November 2025, Shailesh Chandra, President of the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) and Managing Director (MD)& (CEO) Chief Executive Officer of Tata Motors Passenger Vehicles Limited, was elected as the President of the Organization Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles (OICA) with effect from 1 November 2025.He became the first Indian to lead OICA, marking a major milestone in strengthening India’s role in global automotive decision-making.

• He succeeded John Bozzella, President and CEO of the Alliance for Automotive Innovation, the United States of America(USA).
• Along with Shailesh Chandra, Hildegard Muller, President of Germany’s VDA (Verband De Automobiles) is elected as the Vice-President of OICA.

About Shailesh Chandra:
Experience: He has extensive experience in product strategy, market expansion, and accelerating the adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs).
Career Journey: He served at Tata Sons (2013–2016) in group strategy roles, joined Tata Motors in 2016 as Head of Corporate Strategy & Business Transformation, and became President – Electric Mobility Business & Corporate Strategy in 2018, driving its EV transition.
Leadership Role: He was appointed as Additional Director, MD & CEO of Tata Motors Limited, effective 1 October 2025, for a three-year term, while continuing to lead Tata Passenger Electric Mobility Ltd, the company’s EV division.
About Organization Internationale des Constructeurs d’Automobiles (OICA):
Founded: Founded in 1919, with Paris, France as the headquarters, OICA is the global federation of national motor vehicle manufacturers, representing national industry associations worldwide.
Functions: It collaborates with the United Nations(UN’s) World Forum for Harmonization of Vehicle Regulations (UNECE WP.29) on standards and mobility policy, compiles global auto data, and supports international motor shows.

Egypt’s Khaled El-Enany Elected as 12th Director-General of  UNESCOIn November 2025, Khaled El‑Enany of Egypt was elected as the new Director‑General(DG) of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) for a four-year term, securing 172 out of 174 votes at the 43rd General Conference held in Samarkand, Uzbekistan.

• Khaled el-Enany will succeed Audrey Azoulay(France) who is set to retire on 15 November 2025.
• He is the 12th DG of UNESCO, becoming the first from an Arab country and only the second African to hold the position since Amadou Mahtar Mbow of Senegal (1974–1987).

About Khaled El-Enany: 
Profile: He is an Egyptologist and Professor at Helwan University, Egypt, with over 30 years of teaching experience, having held roles including Vice Dean, Director of the Open Learning Center, and Head of the Tour Guide Department.
Current Position: Professor of Egyptology, Helwan University, Cairo
Previous roles: He has held several prominent positions in Egypt’s cultural and heritage sector, including

• Minister of Antiquities (2016–2019)
• Minister of Tourism and Antiquities (2019–2022)
• Director, National Museum of Egyptian Civilization (2014–2016)
• Director, Egyptian Museum, Cairo (2015–2016)

International Roles: In November 2024, he was appointed Special Ambassador for Cultural Tourism by the World Tourism Organization(WTO) and became Patron of the African World Heritage Fund.
About United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO):
It is the United Nation (UN) organization that promotes cooperation in education, science, culture and communication to foster peace worldwide.
Headquarters – Paris, France
Established – 1945

Vivek Singla Appointed as MD & CEO of PXIL
In November 2025, Power Exchange India Limited (PXIL), India’s first institutionally promoted power exchange, appointed Vivek Singla as its new Managing Director (MD) and Chief Executive Officer (CEO), effective 10 November 2025.

• He succeeds Satyajit Ganguly, who held the post since June 2023.

About Vivek Singla:
Experience: He has over 35 years of expertise across power generation, transmission, distribution, and renewable energy.
Previous Role: Before joining PXIL, he served as the President and Head of Green Hydrogen & Transmission Businesses at ReNew
Power, where he led several strategic initiatives in emerging clean-energy domains.
PXIL: It is promoted by National Stock Exchange (NSE) and National Commodity & Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX). It operates the Integrated Day-Ahead and Real-Time Market contracts as collective transactions.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

ISRO Successfully Conducted Key Parachute Test for Gaganyaan Mission in UPIn November 2025, Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully conducted a critical Main Parachute test for the Gaganyaan Crew Module, as part of its ongoing series of Integrated Main Parachute Airdrop Tests (IMAT), at the Babina Field Firing Range (BFFR) in Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh (UP).

• It has successfully validated the parachute system which is crucial for safe landing of astronauts during the re-entry and touchdown phase of Gaganyaan mission, India’s maiden human spaceflight mission.

About Parachute test:
Test: For the test, ISRO dropped a simulated mass equivalent to the Crew Module from an altitude of 2.5 kilometer (km) using the Indian Air Force (IAF)’s Ilyushin(IL)-76 aircraft.
Parachutes: The parachute system consists of 10 parachutes of 4 types for the Gaganyaan crew module.

• Two Apex Cover Separation Parachutes that remove the protective cover of the parachute compartment.
• Two Drogue Parachutes are tasked to stabilize and decelerate the module.
• Following the release of drogues, three pilot parachutes are deployed to remove three main parachutes, which further decelerate the crew module to ensure safe touchdown.

Scenario: The test uniquely simulated an asymmetric dis‑reefing, where one main parachute opened with a delay, creating an off‑nominal condition to assess structural integrity under uneven load.
Reefed Inflation: The process of gradual deployment of key parachutes of the Gaganyaan mission is known as reefed inflation.

• In this process, the parachute 1st opens partially, known as reefing, and then completely opens after a specific time period, known as disreefing.
• This whole process is conducted using a pyro device.

Organisations Associated: The test was conducted with active participation from Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC), Aerial Delivery Research and Development Establishment (ADRDE), Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), IAF and Indian Army (IA).
Previous Test: In August 2025, during the Integrated Air Drop Test (IADT‑01), ISRO successfully validated portions of the system.
About Indian Space Research Organisation(ISRO):
Chairman- V. Narayanan
Headquarters- Bengaluru, Karnataka
Established- 1969

IMPORTANT DAYS

National Education Day 2025 – November 11National Education Day (NED) is observed every year on 11 November across India to commemorate the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first Education Minister of independent India.

• 11 November 2025, commemorates the 137th birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad.

Background:
Declaration: In 2008, the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), now known as the Ministry of Education (MoE), declared 11 November, the birth anniversary of Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, as NED..
First Observation: The first NED was observed on 11 November 2008.
Focus: The 2025 observance emphasized inclusive and equitable education, digital transformation in classrooms, and the implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020.
About Maulana Abul Kalam Azad:
Birth: Born on 11 November 1888 in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, he later settled in Kolkata, West Bengal (WB).
Profile: He was a renowned freedom fighter, Islamic scholar, journalist, and reformer.
Journalism: He began publishing the Urdu weekly ‘Al-Hilal’ in 1912 to advocate for nationalism and social reform.
President of INC: He was elected President of the Indian National Congress (INC) twice in the year 1923 and again in the year 1940, playing a crucial role during India’s struggle for independence.
Minister of Education: After Independence, he became the first Minister of Education (1947–1958) under the then Prime Minister (PM) Jawaharlal Nehru.
Contributions: He played a key role in founding the University Grants Commission (UGC), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), and Indian Institute of Science (IISc), along with cultural institutions such as the Sahitya Akademi, Lalit Kala Akademi, and Sangeet Natak Akademi.
Honours: He was awarded the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian award,  in 1992 for his remarkable contributions as a freedom fighter, scholar, and educationist.
Death: He passed away on 22 February 1958.
About Ministry of Education (MoE):
Union Minister– Dharmendra Pradhan (Constituency- Sambalpur, Odisha)
Minister of State (MoS)– Sukanta Majumdar (Constituency- Balurghat, West Bengal, WB); Jayant Chaudhary (Rajya Sabha-Uttar Pradesh, UP)

World Quality Week 2025 – November 10-14World Quality Week (WQW) is observed globally every 2nd week of November to celebrate quality professionals, review yearly achievements and challenges, and promote best practices in quality across all aspects of life.

• WQW 2025 is observed from 10 to 14 November 2025. 
• WQW 2024 was observed from 11 to 15 November 2025 and WQW 2026 will be observed from 9 to 13 November 2026.

Theme:
2025 Theme: “Quality: think differently.”
Focus: This year’s theme urges rethinking traditional quality management and embracing innovative approaches to enhance quality.

Background: 
Origin: The Chartered Quality Institute (CQI), based in London, the United Kingdom(UK), originally observed the 2nd Thursday of November each year as World Quality Day(WQD).
Expansion: In 2021, CQI transformed the one-day WQD into a week-long celebration called WQW.
Annual Celebration: Since 2021, CQI has celebrated World Quality Week every year during the 2nd week of November.
Quality Management System (QMS):
Definition: QMS is a formal system documenting processes, procedures, and responsibilities to achieve quality objectives.
Purpose: It guides an organisation’s activities to meet customer and regulatory requirements while improving efficiency and effectiveness.
Standardization Bodies:The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is a global non-governmental body of national standards organizations that develops and publishes industrial, commercial, and proprietary standards.

• Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) is the National Standard Body of India.

Standard: ISO 9001 sets the international requirements for a QMS.
About Chartered Quality Institute (CQI):
President– Lord Jamie Lindsay
Headquarters– London, the United Kingdom(UK)
Established – 1919

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