Current Affairs 1 April 2022

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

UP Unseats West Bengal as India’s Top Vegetable Producer; Andhra Pradesh Retains Its Lead in Fruits

Uttar Pradesh (UP) has become the top producer of vegetables, getting back its first position by demoting West Bengal to the second position, with a difference of a million tonnes(mt) in production in 2021–22 Crop Year (CY) (July–June), after two years since 2020. On the other hand, Andhra Pradesh remains the top fruit producer.

• India’s horticulture output is likely to drop marginally by 0.4% to 333.25mt in 2021–22 from the previous year (2020–21) as production of vegetables, spices, and plantation crops is set to decline.

Vegetable Production:
i.Vegetable production in Uttar Pradesh is expected to be 29.58 million tonnes (mt) in the 2021–22 crop year (July–June), down from 29.16 mt in 2020–21, while West Bengal output is expected to dip to 28.23 mt in 2021-22 from 30.33 mt in 2020-21. 
ii.Other top producers of vegetables as per the data in the current year 2021-22 include Madhya Pradesh at 20.59 mt, Bihar at 17.77 mt and Maharashtra at 16.78 mt. 
Fruit Production:
i.In 2021–22, Andhra Pradesh is expected to produce 18.01 million tonnes of fruit, up from 17.7 million tonnes in 2020–21.
ii.Maharashtra is anticipated to produce 12.3 million tonnes of fruit, up from 11.74 million tonnes in 2020–21.
Measures by The Government of India (GoI) To Leverage the Horticulture Production:
Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) scheme: 
i.It is a centrally sponsored scheme (CSS) implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare (MoA&FW) from 2014-15.
ii.It is launched with an objective to have holistic growth of the horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root and tuber crops, mushroom, spices, flowers, aromatic plants, coconut, cashew and cocoa.
>> Read Full News

Cabinet Approvals on March 30, 2022 

On March 30, 2022, the Union Cabinet chaired by Prime Minister (PM) Narendra Modi approved the following proposals:
i.The Union Cabinet approved USD 808 million (Rs 6,062.45 crore) for a new World Bank (WB) assisted scheme ‘Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance (RAMP)’ which will probably be initiated in FY23 to directly or indirectly benefit all 63 million MSMEs. . 
ii.To compensate for the price rise, the Union Cabinet also gave its approval to release an additional installment of Dearness Allowance (DA) to Central Government employees and Dearness Relief (DR) to pensioner’s w.e.f. January 1, 2022 representing an increase of 3% to 34% from the existing rate of 31% of the Basic Pay/Pension.
iii.The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) under the Chairmanship of PM Narendra Modi has approved procurement of 15 Light Combat Helicopter (LCH) Limited Series Production (LSP) at the cost of Rs. 3,887 Cr along with Infrastructure sanctions worth Rs. 377 Cr.
iv.The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) extended the time limit for 10 power projects by 36 months to 156 months instead of 120 months from the date of import.
>> Read Full News

The First Edition Of IONS Maritime Exercise 2022 (IMEX-22) Held at Goa

The First edition of Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) Maritime Exercise 2022 (IMEX-22) was held in the Arabian sea and Goa port from 26 March to 30 March 2022. The exercise aimed to provide interoperability in Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) operations among member navies.

Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS) Maritime Exercise 2022 (IMEX-22):
IMEX-22 consists of two phases, Harbour Phase and Sea Phase
i.Harbour phase – the harbour Phase was held at Mormugao port in Goa from 26 to 27 March 22.
ii.Sea Phase – the sea phase was held in the Arabian Sea from 28 to 30 March 22.
About Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS):
i.IONS cooperates and collaborates navies of littoral states of the Indian Ocean Region. 

• A littoral state is a country that has a coastline.

ii.It enables discussions on regional maritime issues, promotes friendly relationships, and significantly improves maritime security cooperation in the Indian Ocean Region.
Participants Of Maritime Exercise 2022 (IMEX-22):
i.Navies of Bangladesh, France, India and Iran participated in IMEX-22 with warships, Maritime Reconnaissance aircraft, Amphibious Assault Ship, Frigates, Fleet Support Ship, Destroyer and helicopters.
ii.Apart from that, 22 Observers from 15 IONS member navies, namely Australia, Bangladesh, France, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Mauritius, Mozambique, Oman, Qatar, Singapore, Sri Lanka, Thailand, UAE and UK also participated in the exercise.
iii.The Naval Chief Officer of France, Pierre Vandier and Indian Chief of Naval Staff Admiral R. Hari Kumar was present during the sea phase exercise. 
Mechanism:                                          
As per the guidelines and development of IONS HADR, the participants provided the response mechanisms of HADR from sea to shore as well as for rendering assistance to ships and crafts in distress at sea.
Indian Ocean Naval Symposium (IONS):
First Seminar – 2008
Members and Observers – 25 Member Nations and 8 Observers (Qatar was included as 25th nation in July 2021).
Host of 2021 Edition – (7th edition) Hosted by the French Navy at La Réunion (French Department)

Govt. of India Extends Scope of ECLGS for MSMEs For 1 Year Till March 31, 2023The National Credit Guarantee Trustee Company Limited (NCGTC) has extended the Emergency Credit Line Guarantee Scheme (ECLGS) for Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) for 1 year from March 2022, to March 31,2023, in response to Union Finance & Corporate Affairs Minister Nirmala Sitharaman’s announcement in the Union Budget 2022–23.
It has also increased the total amount to be sanctioned under the scheme from Rs 4.5 lakh crores to Rs 5 lakh crores.

• The NCGTC has issued modifications to the operational guidelines for ECLGS 3.0, following the suggestions received in the post Budget consultations held by the Finance Minister and extended relief to hospitality, civil aviation and related enterprises under the scheme.

Background:
In May 2020, the ECLGS was launched as a crucial component of the Rs. 2 lakh crores economic stimulus programme known as the ‘Aatmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan.’ It provides MSMEs and professionals with additional working capital in the form of a term loan. Its initial corpus was Rs. 3 lakh crores, but following the second Covid-19 pandemic wave, it was increased to Rs. 4.5 lakh crores.
Key Points:
i.New borrowers in the sectors covered under ECLGS 3.0 who have borrowed after 31.3.2021 and up to 31.1.2022 will also now be eligible to avail of emergency credit facilities under ECLGS 3.0.
ii.Eligible borrowers in the hospitality, travel and tourism industries can now borrow up to 50% of their highest fund-based credit outstanding, as against the earlier limit of 40%, subject to the existing maximum of Rs. 200 crores per borrower.
iii. Eligible borrowers in the civil aviation industry can now borrow up to 50% of their highest fund-based credit outstanding, up to a maximum of Rs. 400 crores per borrower, up from 40%, up to a maximum of Rs. 200 crores per borrower previously.
iv.Furthermore, bank guarantees, letters of credit, and other non-fund-based facilities sanctioned under ECLGS 3.0 will be given without any cash margin and subject to a fee/commission cap of 0.5 % to reduce their cost of accessing non-fund-based credit.
v.Individuals and proprietary concerns in the sectors covered under ECLGS 3.0 can also now avail of emergency credit facilities.
vi.As on 25th March,2022, loans sanctioned under ECLGS have crossed ₹ 3.19 lakh crore, and about 95% of the guarantees issued are for loans sanctioned to Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

UNFPA report states that Nearly Half of all Pregnancies are UnintendedThe United Nations Population Fund(UNFPA)’s annual flagship report “State of World Population 2022: Seeing the Unseen” shows that nearly half of all pregnancies 
Worldwide (around 121 million annually) are unintended. 

• The neglected crisis of unintended pregnancy is the subject of the UNFPA’s State of World Population 2022 report. 
• The report examines how unintended pregnancies represent a global failure to uphold basic human rights. 

Key Points:
i.According to the report, the number of unintended pregnancies that occur every year is around 121 million or 331,000 per day on average. 
ii.The recent data shows that the rate of unintended pregnancy has decreased between 1990 and 2019, from 79 to 64 for every 1000 women (aged 15 to 49).
iii.Without proper decisive action, the number of unintended pregnancies is expected to rise with population growth. 
iv.The report states that more than 60% of unintended pregnancies end in abortion. 
v.It is estimated that around 45% of all abortions are unsafe which accounts for 5 to 13% of all maternal deaths recorded. 
vi.Globally around 257 million women who want to avoid pregnancy are not using safe and modern methods of contraception, and in 47 countries around 40% of sexually active women are not using any contraceptive.
vii.Only around 57% of women are able to make their own decisions regarding their sexual and reproductive rights. 
About United Nations Population Fund(UNFPA):
United Nations Population Fund(UNFPA) (formerly known as United Nations Fund for Population Activities) is the United Nations(UN)’s sexual and reproductive health agency. 
Executive Director– Dr Natalia Kanem
Headquarters– New York, United States of America(USA)

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI established Varnika Ink Manufacturing Facility in Mysuru, Karnataka

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) Governor Shaktikanta Das has dedicated the Varnika ink manufacturing facility at Mysuru in Karnataka. The facility is a unit of Bharatiya Reserve Bank Note Mudran Private Limited (BRBNMPL), a wholly owned subsidiary of the RBI.

• As a push towards the “Make in India” strategy, “Varnika” is established with a 1,500 Metric Ton (MT) annual ink manufacturing capacity to improve bank note security and ensure that all bank note printing inks are manufactured indigenously.

He has also placed the foundation stone for for BRBNMPL’s Learning and Development Centre (LDC) in Mysuru, which would help India’s currency production eco-system strengthen human resource capability and become a global centre of excellence.
Highlights:
Varnika Ink Manufacturing Facility:
This plant also produces Colour Shift Intaglio Ink (CSII) and meets the whole requirements of bank note printing presses in India, resulting in cost effectiveness and bank note ink self-sufficiency.
Learning and Development Centre (LDC):
i.It is established in collaboration with Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India Limited (SPMCIL), a wholly owned Schedule ‘A’ Miniratna category-1 company by the Government of India and Bank Note Paper Mill India Private Limited (BNPMIPL), a joint venture between BRBNMPL and SPMCIL.
ii.It will be administered by BRBNMPL and will serve as a platform for effective knowledge transmission, assuring uniformity in banknote production, quality, and supply.

HDFC Bank & Shoppers Stop Launch Co-Branded Credit Cards  

HDFC Bank, India’s largest private sector bank, and Shoppers Stop, India’s leading fashion and beauty destination, have teamed up to launch co-branded credit cards. The alliance takes advantage of HDFC Bank’s status as India’s leading credit card issuer and Shoppers’ Stop’s reputation as a reputable retail brand.
The credit cards will be available in two categories namely,

• Shoppers Stop HDFC Bank Credit Card 

• Shoppers Stop BLACK HDFC Bank Credit Card

With the intention of providing an upgraded and rewarding shopping experience, the credit cards will be offered to approximately 9 million Shoppers Stop “First Citizen” customers as well as HDFC Bank customers.
Highlights:
i.Depending upon the card, the reward points differ, with Black Card ensuring higher loyalty points. 
ii.Customers can redeem their points at Shoppers Stop in-store, online or at their partner Estee Lauder Group stores in India while making the purchases.
iii. The card holders enjoy benefits such as fuel surcharge waiver, access to airport lounges across India.
iv.It also provides Rs 3 Crore in accidental air death cover, Rs 9 Lakh in loss card liability, and Rs 50 Lakh in emergency overseas hospitalization cover.
About HDFC Bank:
Managing Director & CEO – Sashidhar Jagdishan
Establishment – 1994
Headquarters – Mumbai, Maharashtra
Tagline – We Understand Your World 

MG Motor India Launches MG e-Pay Industry’s 1st End-to-end Online Auto 
Finance Platform

Morris Garages(MG) Motor India launched MG e-Pay, Industry’s 1st End-to-End Online Auto Finance Platform. The platform aims to offer transparent and convenient online car purchase solutions. 
MG has partnered with ICICI Bank, HDFC Bank, Kotak Mahindra Prime & Axis Bank to offer customized and instant financing options under MG e-Pay. 

• This will enable the customers with flexible, seamless, transparent, and quick loan approvals from their homes.
• This will be available to both online and offline booked customers, including existing and new bank customers.

Redeemption Digital Technology Pvt Ltd Soft-launched India’s 1st KYC-Compliant Crypto Token – Redeemption 

Redeemption Digital Technology Private Limited has soft-launched  India’s 1st KYC-Compliant Crypto Token, “Redeemption”, a unique crypto token with which users can earn investing time, instead of money
It is an emerging Web 3.0 Technology base, a patent-filed crypto token that is developed on Binance Smart Chain (BSC) BEP20 protocol.

• This is India’s 1st crypto token with which users can redeem for fiat money, prior to its listing on the exchange.
• The two main components of the Redeemption are Reward and Redeem.

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

Ind-Ra downwards India’s FY23 GDP Growth Forecast to 7-7.2%

On March 30, 2022, India Ratings and Research (Ind-Ra) downgraded India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth forecast for FY23 to 7-7.2% from an earlier estimate of 7.6% amid Russia-Ukraine conflict. This revision is based upon the Ind-Ra’s two scenarios regarding FY23 Economic Outlook, both with a half cost pass-through into the domestic economy. These are as follows:
Scenario-One: Crude oil price is assumed to be elevated for 3 months in FY23
i.Ind-Ra expects GDP to grow 7.2% YoY (Year-on-Year) in FY23
ii.Size of the Indian economy in FY23 will still be 10.6%  
iii.Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE) to grow at 8.1% in FY23
 iv.Retail inflation to average around 5.8% in FY23
v.Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) will grow at 8.8% in FY23
Scenario-Two: Crude oil price is assumed to be elevated for 6 months in FY23
i.Ind-Ra expects GDP to grow 7% YoY in FY23
ii.Size of the Indian economy in FY23 will still be 10.8%  
iii.Private Final Consumption Expenditure (PFCE) to grow at 8% in FY23
iv.Retail inflation to average around 6.2% in FY23
v.GFCF will grow at 8.8% in FY23

IIM Ahmedabad has set up a Retail Tech Consortium 

The Centre for Digital Transformation at the Indian Institute of Management(IIM) Ahmedabad, Gujarat has set up a Retail Tech Consortium and plans to collaborate with several retail and technology firms in India. 
This will work towards sharing knowledge, research and setting up industry best practices for better collaboration amongst retail tech players.

• Flipkart has joined as a principal partner for the inaugural year of the consortium. 
• The consortium will undertake activities like nationwide consumer surveys, development of case studies, the conduct of field experiments and research studies, retail tech webinars, conferences and more.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS  

Prof Wilfried Brutsaert bags Stockholm Water Prize 2022

On the occasion of World Water Day 2022 (22nd March), Professor Emeritus Wilfried Brutsaert was named Stockholm Water Prize Laureate 2022 for his work to quantify environmental evaporation.  He is a Professor in Engineering Emeritus at Cornell University, United States of America.

• The Stockholm Water Prize instituted in 1991 is often described as the Nobel Prize, which is awarded to people and organizations for extraordinary water-related achievements. It is the world’s most prestigious water award.
• The Prize is awarded by Stockholm International Water Institute(SIWI) in cooperation with the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and presented by H.M King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden, who is the official patron of the Prize.      

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS          

Prime Minister of Malta Robert Abela Sworn in for the 2nd Term 

Prime Minister of Malta, Robert Abela, the Leader of the Labour Party has won the 2022 General Elections and was sworn in for a 2nd term as the Prime Minister (PM) of Malta. 
He was sworn in during a ceremony at the President’s Palace in Valletta presided over by Malta’s President George Vella.
About General Election: 
Robert Abela’s Labour Party won the general election with 55.1% of the vote, against the Nationalist Party’s (PN) 41.7%. This is the third consecutive general election win of the Labour Party since 2013. 
About Robert Abela: 
i.Robert Abela was born on 7th December 1977 in Sliema, Malta. 
ii.He graduated as a lawyer from the University of Malta in 2002.
iii.He was elected as a Member of Parliament in June 2017 and was appointed as legal adviser to Prime Minister Dr Joseph Muscat.
iv.In January 2020, He took office as the 14th Prime Minister of Malta and served till 2022. 
About Malta(Republic of Malta):
President– Dr George Vella
Currency– Euro 
Capital– Valletta   

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Law & Justice Minister Kiren Rijiju Launches New Website of Department of JusticeKiren Rijiju, Union Minister for Law & Justice, inaugurated the new website (https://doj.gov.in/) to provide citizens with a one-stop platform for all digital initiatives of the Department of Justice, at the event held at Jaisalmer Bhawan, New Delhi, Delhi. 

• Department of Justice under the Ministry of Law and Justice (MoL&J) launched the revamped website in line with the vision of Prime Minister(PM) Narendra Modi: Sabka Sath, Sabka Vikas and Sabka Nyaya. 

About the new Website:
i.The new website is launched on the S3WaaS platform (Secure, Scalable and Sugamya Website as a Service).
ii.The website also uses the technology to generate secure websites using GIGW (Guidelines for Government Websites) compliant templates which are highly customizable and can seamlessly be deployed on a scalable software-defined infrastructure.
Features:
i.The website designed from the user perspective is divyang (persons with disabilities) friendly and provides an inclusive platform to accommodate all sections of society. 
ii.This interactive website provides better access to citizen-centric services. 
iii.The portal will feature all the information related to eCourts Mission Mode Project, Appointment of Judges, Fast Track Special Courts, Nyaya Bandhu, Gram Nyayalaya, DISHA scheme, Tele Law. 
iv.With this, the live streaming of court proceedings of the High Courts of Gujarat, Orissa, Karnataka, Jharkhand, Patna and Madhya Pradesh can be viewed, the judgements and orders of High Courts can be accessed, case status can be checked using CNR number, traffic violations can be settled, near real-time data relating to judicial proceedings/decisions of all computerised district and subordinate courts of the country through NJDG can be accessed.

China’s Modified Carrier Rocket with Solid Strap on Boosters Made Maiden Flight 

On 29th March 2022, China’s modified Long March-6 carrier rocket with solid strap on boosters made its maiden flight from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre in north China’s Shanxi Province, China and sent 2 satellites into the planned orbits.

• This is the first type of carrier rocket equipped with solid strap on boosters. 
• The carriers use non-toxic and non-polluting propellants and they can send satellites to the sun-synchronous orbit.

The 1st & 2nd satellites will be used for conducting scientific tests and research, land and resources survey, and other tasks and to carry out verification of space environment detection technology tests respectively. 

SPORTS

Formula 1: Max Verstappen Wins Saudi Arabian GP 2022

The 2021 Formula 1 World Championship winner Max Emilian Verstappen wins the first race in the 2022 season of Formula 1 in Saudi Arabian Grand Prix (GP) 2022 which took place in Jeddah Corniche Circuit, Saudi Arabia. 

• The Belgian-Dutch racing driver Verstappen represents Red Bull Racing Honda.

Saudi Arabian Grand Prix (GP) 2022
i.Driving 50 laps, Verstappen finished first with 25 points.
ii.Charles Leclerc represents the Ferrari racing team, finishing second with 15 points.
iii.Carlos Sainz, who also represents the Ferrari racing team, finished third with 15 points.
Max Emilian Verstappen:

• Verstappen is the Netherlands’ first Formula 1 world champion at the age of 24.
• He has also made 61 podium finishes in 143 GP.
• He has won 21 Grand Prix.

Achievements Of Max Emilian Verstappen:

• Verstappen Finished 3rd in Fédération Internationale de l’Automobile (FIA) F3 European Championship in 2014.
• He won FIA Personality of the Year in 2015, 2016, 2017.
• He has also won 2015 FIA Rookie of the Year Lorenzo Bandini Trophy.

IMPORTANT DAYS

International Transgender Day of Visibility 2022 – March 31

International Transgender Day of Visibility (TDOV) is annually observed across the globe on 31st March to celebrate the accomplishments and perseverance of transgender and gender-nonconforming individuals. The day also aims to create awareness about the need to achieve equity and justice for trans individuals. 

• The day is centred around celebrating and uplifting the transgender, non-binary, and gender non-conforming communities. 

Background:
i.Rachel Crandall, an American transgender activist founded the Transgender Day of Visibility (TDOV) in 2009 to highlight the discrimination faced by the community.
ii.The day was first observed on 31st March 2009. 
>> Read Full News

Assam Rifles Celebrates 187th Raising Day – 24th March 2022 

The Longding Battalion of the Assam Rifles(AR) celebrated the 187th Raising Day on 24 March 2022, which marks the inception of the oldest Paramilitary Force of India.
187th Raising day was celebrated from 24th to 26th March 2022 and Nityanand Rai, Union Minister of State for Home Affairs graced the event as chief guest. 

• Since its inception on 24th March 1835 as a militia called the ‘Cachar Levy’, the Assam Rifles has executed challenging operations and guarded the Indo-Myanmar border. At present, the force has around 46 battalions. 
• The Assam Rifles have contributed to peace and tranquillity in the North-Eastern region. 
• Assam Rifles, which is fondly called ‘Friends of the North East People’, is the highest awarded and decorated Para Military Force of the Republic of India.
• The event also felicitated the Veer Nari’s (Women Soldiers) of the Assam Rifles.

STATE NEWS

The Chief Minister Of Goa Presented the Budget of Rs 24,467 crore for FY 2022-23The Chief Minister (CM) of Goa Pramod Pandurang Sawant presented the budget of Rs 24,467 crore for the Financial Year (FY) 2022-23. The budget focused on improving the tourism sector, infrastructure, welfare and generating revenue through mining.
i.The revenue expenditure is estimated to be Rs 17097.50 crore, while the capital expenditure is Rs 7369.90 crore.
ii.With a growth rate of 7.07%, the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP) for the year 2022-23 is estimated at Rs 91,416.98 crore. 
Schemes Of The Budget 2022-23:
i.Infrastructure

• Setting up a real-time water monitoring system to check the water quality through various sensors.
• Constructing the Zuari bridge which links north and south Goa.
•  Commissioning of Mopa Airport by August 2022.
• Setting up of 38 Early Warning Dissemination Towers to warn and alert about impending disasters such as cyclone, Tsunami, etc. along the coast line.

ii.Tourism

• A draft Zonal Master Plan for ecologically sensitive areas around wildlife protected land in the state of Goa
• Promoting ‘Ecotourism’, promotes livelihood of the people, promoting the “Eco-tourism policy” by publicising it in social media for the growth of the natives.
• Purchasing 100 additional Air-Conditioned (AC) Electric buses to promote tourism.

iii.Welfare

• With the allocated amount of Rs 40 crore, the government provides 3 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinders free of cost to the people of the state.
• Generating a revenue of Rs 650 crore through reviving the mining activities which creates employment to people of the state and implementing ‘dump policy’.

iv.Health

• Allocating Rs 1970.20 crores for the health sector. He allocated Rs 20.12 crore for ‘Covid-19 Relief To Marginalized/Unorganized Sector’ scheme under which one-time financial relief is given. 
• Goa Karmachari Medical insurance scheme provides healthcare to the employees and pensioners.
• Rs 65 crores allocated to Deen Dayal Swasthya Seva Yojana (DDSSY), a cashless insurance scheme for medical needs.

About Goa:
Chief Minister – Pramod Pandurang Sawant
Capital – Panaji
Festival – Shigmo Festival, Vasco Saptah

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