Current Affairs 1 & 2 June 2025

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NATIONAL AFFAIRS

Union Minister Prataprao Jadhav Launched ‘AyushSuraksha Portal’ to Track Misleading Ads & ADRs in Traditional MedicineOn May 30, 2025, Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav, Ministry of Ayush (Ayurveda, Yoga, Naturopathy, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathy) and Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India (GoI), inaugurated the ‘AyushSuraksha‘ Portal at Ayush Bhawan, New Delhi (Delhi).

• This portal is a centralized digital platform for reporting and monitoring misleading advertisements (Ads) and Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) related to Ayurveda, Siddha, Unani, Sowa-Rigpa and Homeopathy medicines and services.
• The portal was developed with technical support from the Chennai (Tamil Nadu, TN) based Central Council for Research in Siddha (CCRS) and is aligned with the National Pharmacovigilance Program.

Key Features of ‘AyushSuraksha‘ Portal:
i.Integrated Reporting: Citizens, healthcare professionals, and regulators can report misleading ads or ADRs via a seamless digital process
ii.Real-Time Monitoring: The portal enables live monitoring, data analysis, and coordinated enforcement.
iii.Transparency: Users can track action taken on their complaints.
iv.Multi-Agency Coordination: Integrates data from multiple regulatory bodies, including:

• Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation (CDSCO)
• Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (MoI&B)
• Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA)
• National Commission for Indian System of Medicine (NCISM)
• National Commission for Homoeopathy (NCH)
• Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI)
• Pharmacy Council of India (PCI)
• State Licensing Authorities (SLAs)

Supreme Court Directive:
The development of this portal aligns with the Supreme Court of India’s (SCI_ order (dated July 30, 2024, in Writ Petition (Civil) No. 645/2022), which mandated a centralized dashboard for tracking misleading ads and ADRs by June 2025.

Goa Achieved 100% Functional Literacy Status under ULLAS In May 2025, Pramod Sawant, Chief Minister (CM) of Goa announced that the state of Goa has officially achieved 100% literacy rate under the Government of India (GoI)’s flagship initiative, Understanding for  Lifelong Learning for All in Society (ULLAS)-Nav Bharat Saaksharta Karyakram which is also known as New India Literacy Programme (NILP).

• This announcement was made on the occasion of Goa’s 39th Statehood Day (May 30, 2025) celebrations held at Dinanath Mangeshkar Kala Mandir, Panaji in Goa.
• This marks a significant milestone in India’s journey towards achieving the goal of 100% literacy by 2030, as outlined in the National Education Policy (NEP 2020).

Key Points:
i.Goa attained a literacy rate of 99.7%, which far exceeds the benchmark of 95% required for state as completely literate, as stipulated under the NILP.

• With this, Goa becomes the 2nd Indian state after Mizoram (98.2%) to breach the mark of 95% set under NILP.

ii.The programme was implemented in Goa, through a network of schools, supported by Resource Adult Trainee Coordinators (RATCS) and wide base of volunteers that included retired teachers, teacher trainees, and educational professionals.
iii.The ULLAS is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (CSS) that aligns with NEP 2020. It is being implemented on volunteerism from 2022-2027.
About Goa:
Chief Minister (CM)- Pramod Sawant
Governor- P.S. Sreedharan Pillai
Capital- Panaji
Wildlife Sanctuary (WLS)- Cotigao WLS
>>Read Full News

DRDO Inaugurated QTRC in Delhi to Enhance Quantum Capabilities in India
In May 2025, Dr. Samir V Kamat, Secretary of New Delhi (Delhi) based Department of Defence Research and Development (DDR&D) and Chairman of New Delhi (Delhi) based Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO), inaugurated the Quantum Technology Research Centre (QTRC) at Metcalfe House, New Delhi (Delhi), to enhance India’s indigenous quantum capabilities for strategic and defence applications.

• QTRC is a state-of-the-art facility equipped with advanced experimental setups to facilitate research and development in critical quantum domains such as quantum communication, sensing, and timekeeping.
• QTRC, spearheaded by the Solid State Physics Laboratory (SSPL), aligns with India’s National Quantum Mission (NQM), aiming to develop sovereign capabilities in quantum technologies and reduce dependency on foreign systems.
• The facility is envisioned as a T-Hub (Thematic Hub) under NQM, fostering collaboration among academia, industry, and government for quantum innovation.

Key Capabilities of QTRC:
i.Laser Characterisation:

• Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs)
• Distributed Feedback Lasers

ii.Quantum Communication Testbeds:

• Single-photon source testing
• Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) platforms for ultra-secure communication, led by the Scientific Analysis Group (SAG), DRDO.

iii.Precision Timekeeping Systems: Development of an Ultra-Small Atomic Clock (USAC) based on Coherent Population Trapping (CPT) for accurate timekeeping in Global Positioning System(GPS)-denied environments.
iv.Magnetic Field Detection: Atomic Magnetometer (AM) using optically pumped magnetometry for ultra-sensitive magnetic field detection.
v.Advanced Quantum Materials & Devices:  Solid-state quantum devices for quantum sensing, post-quantum cryptography, and quantum-resilient systems.

INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS

78th World Health Assembly Held  from 19 to 27 May 2025 in Geneva, Switzerland – Part IIIn May 2025, the 78th World Health Assembly (WHA78) concluded in Geneva(Switzerland) , marking a pivotal moment in global health governance. This annual gathering of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) 194 Member States resulted in several landmark decisions aimed at strengthening global health systems and preparedness.
i.During the plenary session of WHA 78, the member states of WHO formally adopted the world’s 1st agreement related to pandemic, WHO Pandemic Agreement, culminating over three years of intensive negotiations launched by the governments in response to the devastating impacts of the COVI-19 pandemic.
ii.DG of WHO Dr. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus conferred the DG’s Award for Global Health 2025 to Professor Awa Marie Coll Seck (Senegal) and Professor Sir Brian Mellor Greenwood (the United Kingdom, UK), during a high-level meeting at WHA 78.
iii.6 African countries namely, Chad, Djibouti, Ethiopia, Somalia, South Sudan and Sudan signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to eliminate visceral leishmaniasis (also known as Kala-azar) which is one of the deadliest NTD.
iv.WHO officially confirmed the end of polio epidemic in Madagascar, with no new cases reported since September 2023.WHO adopted a historic resolution v.to reduce the burden of NCDs by promoting kidney health and bolstering the prevention and control of kidney disease.
>>Read Full News

ACI Asia-Pacific & Middle East Air Connectivity Ranking 2024: Delhi’s IGIA Ranked 10th Among Top Hub Airports; Dubai LeadsIn May 2025, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China based Airports Council International (ACI) Asia-Pacific & Middle East (APAC &MID) released its latest ‘Air Connectivity Ranking 2024’. As per the report, Dubai International Airport topped (DXB), located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE), ranked 1st in Air Connectivity in 2024.

• The 2025 edition of the report also features a newly introduced ‘Hub Connectivity Index’, in which Dubai International Airport (DXB) secured the top position. Indira Gandhi International Airport (IGIA), located in New Delhi (Delhi) and designated by the airport code DEL, was ranked 10th on the list of hub airports with strong connectivity leadership for 2024.

i.It is followed by China-based Shanghai Pudong International Airport (PVG); and Qatar-based Hamad International Airport (DOH), ranked at 2nd and 3rd position on the list.
ii.As per the data of the report, Both APAC and MID regions witnessed a 14% Year-on-Year (Y-o-Y) growth, mainly driven by robust international demand, strong network recovery of airlines, and the re-establishments of major travel corridors.

• The report highlighted that APAC and MID region witnessed a significant of 13% and 28%, respectively in overall connectivity compared to 2023.

iii.The 2025 edition also presents a newly introduced ‘Hub Connectivity Index’ which evaluates an airport’s ability to operation as an international transfer point.

• This assessment is based on factors like: viable transfer windows, route deviation from direct flight paths, and the strength of onward connectivity.

About Airports Council International Asia-Pacific & Middle East (ACI APAC &MID):
Director-General (DG)- Stefano Baronci
Headquarters-Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China
>>Read Full News

BANKING & FINANCE

RBI Annual Report 2024-25: RBI’s balance sheet for FY25 expands by 8.2% to Rs.76.25 lakh croresThe Reserve Bank of India’s (RBI) Annual Report 2024-25 has been released and presented to the Central Government under the Section 53(2) of the RBI Act,1934.

• It is a report of the Central Board of Directors on the working of the RBI for the year ended March 31,2025.
• This report presents a complete analysis of the domestic and global environment, the working and operations of the RBI and the future prospects.

Key highlights of the report:
RBI’s balance sheet increases 8.2% to Rs 76.25 lakh crore in FY25
i.The size of the balance sheet increased by 8.21% from Rs. 70.47 lakh crores as on March 31,2024 to Rs. 76.25 lakh crores as on March 31,2025. A provision of Rs 44,861.70 crore was made and transferred to the Contingency Fund.
ii.Increase on asset side was due to rise in gold (52.09%), domestic investments (14.32%) and foreign investments (1.70%).

• On liability side, expansion was due to increase in notes issued, revaluation accounts and others.

iii.The income for the Financial Year (FY) 2025 increased by 22.77% to Rs 3.38 lakh crore from Rs 2.76 lakh crore in 2023-24, recording an overall surplus of Rs.2,68,590.07 crores.

• Also, expenditure has also shown an increasing trend, with an increase of 7.76% to Rs 69,714.02 crore in 2024-25 from Rs 64,694.33 crore in 2023-24.

>>Read Full News

ZET and SBM Bank India Launch FD-backed credit card for First time Borrowers
In May 2025 Bengaluru (Karnataka) based ZET, a credit score builder platform, and Mumbai (Maharashtra) State Bank of Mauritius (SBM) Bank (India) a wholly owned subsidiary of Mauritius-based SBM Holdings have jointly launched the SBM ZET Credit Card, a Fixed Deposit (FD) backed Credit Card for the first time borrowers.

• The credit card is powered by the RuPay network and can be linked to any Unified Payments Interface (UPI) application for daily payments.

i.The launch aims to benefit the individuals with no or limited credit history and aims to help them build a strong credit score.
ii.The applicants do not need an existing credit history, income proof, or high credit score.
iii.The card can be secured by opening an FD with SBM Bank, starting from Rs.5,000.
iv.The FD earns up to 7% interest per annum and insured up to the limit of Rs.5 lakh by Mumbai(Maharashtra) based Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation (DICGC).
v.The SBM ZET Credit Card has no annual fees and includes in-app rewards on services for utility bill payments and voucher purchases

ECONOMY & BUSINESS

Crisil Forecasts India’s GDP Growth at 6.5% for FY26
In May 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra) based Crisil Limited, global rating agency has projected India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) growth at 6.5% for the Financial Year (2025-2026) (FY26), citing improving domestic consumption, supported by healthy agricultural growth, easing inflation, expected rate cuts by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), and income tax relief announced in Union Budget 2025-26.
Key Highlights:
i.Above-Normal Monsoon:  The India Meteorological Department (IMD) forecasts an above-normal Southwest Monsoon (106% of Long-Period Average) in FY26, which is likely to aid agricultural output and control inflation.
ii.Crude Oil Prices: Crisil Intelligence expects global crude oil prices to average USD 65-70 per barrel in FY26, down from USD 78.8 per barrel in FY25.
iii.Monetary Policy Easing: Crisil expects the Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) to further cut the repo rate by 50 basis points (bps) in FY26, after a similar reduction in FY25. This is expected to support credit growth and boost domestic demand.
iv.External Risks:  Despite strong domestic fundamentals, Crisil highlighted downside risks due to global headwinds like the USA-led tariff war, geopolitical tensions, and supply chain disruptions.
Note: RBI, in its 2024-25 FY(25) Annual Report, also projected India’s GDP growth at 6.5% in FY26, reaffirming India’s position as the fastest-growing major economy.

IndiGo Signed MoU with BIAL to Establish Rs 1,100 Crore MRO Facility at Kempegowda International Airport
In May 2025, Gurugram (Haryana)-based InterGlobe Aviation Limited(IndiGo) signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) with Bangalore International Airport Limited (BIAL) to establish a Maintenance, Repair, and Overhaul (MRO) facility at Bengaluru (Karnataka) based Kempegowda International Airport (KIA), with an investment of Rs 1,100 crore.

• The MoU includes collaboration on network expansion, infrastructure development, and joint marketing initiatives to strengthen Bengaluru’s aviation ecosystem.

i.Under this agreement, BIAL will allocate approximately 31 acres of land to IndiGo for developing the MRO facility.
ii.The facility will support IndiGo’s expanding fleet of over 400 aircraft and will be capable of handling both narrow-body and wide-body aircraft.
iii.This will be IndiGo’s second MRO facility in Bengaluru, aimed at enhancing aircraft availability, cost efficiency, and quicker turnaround times.
Note: IndiGo currently operates MRO facilities in Delhi and Bengaluru, and has announced the appointment of aviation veteran Ton Dortmans to strengthen its overall MRO strategy by mid of August 2025.

AWARDS & RECOGNITIONS

President of India Droupadi Murmu Conferred ‘National Florence Nightingale Awards 2025’ to 15 Nursing ProfessionalsOn 30th May 2025, the Hon’ble President of India Droupadi Murmu conferred the National Florence Nightingale Awards 2025 to 15 outstanding nursing professionals at a ceremony held at Rashtrapati Bhavan, New Delhi, Delhi, recognising their exceptional service and dedication in strengthening public healthcare delivery across India.

• The ceremony took place in the presence of Union Minister Jagat Prakash Nadda, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW), Minister of State (MoS) Prataprao Jadhav, MoHFW and MoS Anupriya Patel, MoHFW.

About the National Florence Nightingale Awards:
i.The National Florence Nightingale Awards, instituted by the MoHFW, Government of India (GoI) in 1973, honor the dedication and service of nursing professionals.
ii.These awards are given annually to Registered Nurses, Midwives, Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANMs), and Lady Health Visitors (LHVs) from various States, Union Territories (UTs), and voluntary organizations.
iii.Each awardee receives a Certificate of Merit, a medal, and a cash prize of Rs. 1,00,000 as a token of national appreciation.
iv.Florence Nightingale (1820–1910) was a British nurse, social reformer, and statistician, widely regarded as the founder of modern nursing. Her pioneering work during the Crimean War and efforts to formalize nursing education led to the establishment of the first scientifically based nursing school—the Nightingale School of Nursing, at St. Thomas’ Hospital in London.
National Florence Nightingale Awards 2025:
The 15 awardees represent diverse states and healthcare sectors:

• ANMs from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh (AP), Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman & Diu (DNHDD), Lakshadweep, and Maharashtra.
• LHVs from Assam.
• Registered Nurses from Arunachal Pradesh (AR), Delhi, Karnataka, Manipur, Mizoram, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu (TN), and West Bengal (WB).

About Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW):
Union Minister – Jagat Prakash Nadda (Rajya Sabha – Gujarat)
Ministers of State (MoS)– Prataprao Ganpatrao Jadhav (Constituency – Buldhana, Maharashtra); and Anupriya Patel (Constituency – Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, UP)
>>Read Full News

APPOINTMENTS & RESIGNATIONS

Luis Montenegro Reappointed as Prime Minister of PortugalOn May 29, 2025, Luis Filipe Montenegro Cardoso de Morais Esteves, leader of the Democratic Alliance (AD) Party has been appointed as the Prime Minister (PM) of Portugal, following the legislative elections held on May 18, 2025.

• The AD party secured 91 seats in the 230-member legislature in the election.
• Luis will form the government with Chega, a national conservative party in Portugal which secured 60 seats and Socialist Party (PS) which secured 58 seats.

About Luis Montenegro:
i.Luis Filipe Montenegro Cardoso de Morais Esteves is a lawyer and a politician.
ii.In 2002, he was elected to the Portuguese Parliament, representing Aveiro, and served till 2018. He was reelected in four consecutive legislative elections: 2005, 2009, 2011 and 2015.
iii.In 2011, he became the leader of the Social Democratic Party Parliamentary Group between 2011 and 2017.
iv.In 2022, he became the President of the Social Democratic Party.
v.In April 2024, he was appointed at the PM of Portugal.
About Portugal:
President – Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Capital – Lisbon
Currency – the euro, EUR

WADA Foundation Board re-elects President and Vice PresidentOn 29 May 2025, Montreal (Canada) based World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)’s Foundation Board, in a virtual meeting, re-elected Witold Banka as independent President, and Yang Yang as Vice President (VP), for a third and final three-year term.

• Their tenure will begin on January 1, 2026, till December 31, 2028.

About Witold Banka:
i.Witold Banka represented Poland internationally in the 400 metres (m) from 2005 to 2012.
ii.He received bronze medal in the 4x400m relay at the 2007 World Athletics Championships in Osaka, Japan.
About Yang Yang:
i.Yang Yang is a former Chinese short track speed skater, known for being China’s first Winter Olympics gold medalist in 2002. Yang won 2 gold medals in 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City for 500- and 1,000-metre individual events and 1 silver medal in 3,000 metres relay.
About WADA:
i.World Anti-Doping Agency, an international independent agency composed and funded equally by the sport movement and governments of the world.
About the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA):
President – Witold Banka
Headquarters – Montreal, Canada
Founded – 10 November 1999
>>Read Full News

S Padmanabhan Appointed as Chairman of Tata Chemicals
In May 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra) based Tata Chemicals announced the appointment of S Padmanabhan as Chairman with effect from May 30, 2025, successor of N Chandrasekaran, who has stepped down as Director and Chairman with effect from May 29,2025.

• The Board of Directors has also appointed Modan Saha as an Additional Director, with effect from May 28, 2025.

Career highlights of Padmanabhan:
i.Tata Group Tenure: 40+ years across key entities:

• Tata Consultancy Services (TCS) (1982–2008): Served as Executive Director of Human Resources (HR) and Head of Application Development.
• Tata Power (2008–2014): As Executive Director-Operations, managed thermal/hydro generation plants and Mumbai’s transmission/distribution networks.
• Tata Sons: Group Chief HR Officer (2016–2018); chaired the Tata Business Excellence Group (TBExG) and Ethics function .

ii.Current Directorships: Chairman of Rallis India Limited; Director on boards of Associated Building Company Limited, TCE Group Limited, and Tata Chemicals North America Inc.

HGS Appoints Venkatesh Korla as Global CEO and Mahesh Kumar Nutalapati as Global CFO
In May 2025, Mumbai (Maharashtra) based Hinduja Global Solutions Limited (HGS) is a subsidiary of the Hinduja Group announced appointment of Venkatesh Korla as its new Global Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Mahesh Kumar Nutalapati as the new Global Chief Financial Officer (CFO), with immediate effect.

• These appointments follow the retirement of Partha DeSarkar, outgoing Group CEO, and Srinivas Palakodeti, outgoing Global CFO.

i.Venkatesh Korla previously served as the President & CEO of HGS Americas, succeeds Partha DeSarkar as the Global CEO. Korla brings over 25 years of experience in digital services and technology-enabled Customer Experience (CX).

• He is the founder of Element Solutions, a digital company acquired by HGS, which now forms the core of HGS’s tech services business.

ii.Mahesh Kumar Nutalapati, previously served as Deputy CFO of HGS, succeeds Srinivas Palakodeti.
He is a Chartered Accountant (CA) with over 24 years of experience in key financial domains such as financial transformation, risk management, Initial Public Offerings (IPOs), mergers & acquisitions (M&As), strategic evaluation & funding, and global audit & treasury operations.

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

DRDO’s ARDE Signed Licensing Agreement with NIBE Limited for Pinaka MBRL and BCPIn May 2025, Pune (Maharashtra)-based Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE) arm of Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) signed a Licensing Agreement for Transfer of Technology (LAToT) with Pune (Maharashtra)-based NIBE Limited for the Pinaka Multi Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL) and the Battery Command Post (BCP).

• This newly signed agreement aims to bolster the industrial base for the development and manufacturing of indigenous defence equipment.

i.Pinaka MBRL is a state-of-the art indirect fire weapon system designed to neutralize aerial targets with high precision and rapid response.

• It is named after Lord Shiva’s divine Bow “Pinak”. It has replaced the Russian Grad BM-21 rocket launcher for the Indian Army (IA).

ii.Hyderabad (Telangana)-based VEM Technologies Private Limited handed over the 1st centre fuselage assembly for ingeniously developed Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) Tejas Mk 1A to Bengaluru (Karnataka)-based Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) in Hyderabad, Telangana.

• The handover marked a major milestone in setting up a 4th production line for LCA Mk 1A, in addition to the two existing lines in HAL-Bengaluru and HAL-Nashik (Maharashtra).

About Defence Research and Development Organisation(DRDO):
It is the Research and Development (R&D) wing of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), Government of India (GoI).
Chairman- Dr. Samir Vankatpati Kamat
Headquarters- New Delhi, Delhi
Established-1958
>>Read Full News

China launches Tianwen-2 space probe to collect pristine asteroid samplesOn May 28, 2025, China National Space Administration (CNSA) has launched Tianwen-2 spacecraft, a robotic probe from the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre in Sichuan Province, China, as part of its mission to retrieve samples from pristine asteroid.

• The Long March 3B (LM-3B) rocket of China carried the spacecraft, which will approach the small near-earth asteroid 2016HO3, 10 million miles away.

Key Points:
i.Tianwen-2 is scheduled to arrive at the asteroid in July 2026 and shoot a capsule packed rocks back to Earth for a landing in 2027.
ii.Kamo’oalewa, the target asteroid for Tianwen-2, is known as the quasi-satellite of Earth, a close celestial neighbour that has orbited the sun for over a century, with a size between 120 feet and 300 feet.
iii.China is the third country to fetch pristine asteroid rocks after Japan’s Hayabusa (2010) and Ryugu mission (2019), and United States of America (USA)’s OSIRIS-Rex mission in 2020.
iv.After delivering the asteroid samples, The second part of the 10-year mission involves using Earth for a gravitational swing-by to spend six year travelling to another target — 311P/PanSTARRS. Which lies in the main asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter and at its closest distance is about 140 million km away from Earth.
v.The 480 m-wide object, which was discovered in 2013, has six dust tails and has characteristics of both asteroids and comets. Tianwen-2 will not land on 311P/PanSTARRS but instead use its instruments to study the “active asteroid” from a distance.
vi.Tianwen-2’s predecessor, Tianwen-1, was China’s first mission to Mars, successfully landing on Utopia Planitia — a largely flat impact basin but scientifically interesting with potential water-ice underneath – following a six-month journey.
vii.China’s third interplanetary mission, Tianwen-3, will aim to retrieve sample from Mars and could launch as soon as 2028. If successful, it would make China the first country to achieve the feat.

• The asteroids were chosen for their relatively stable orbits, which will offer more clues to the formation of Earth, such as the origins of water.

About China National Space Administration:
Administrator – Zhang Kejian
Headquarters – Beijing, China
Founded – 1993

BOOKS & AUTHORS

‘Indira Gandhi and the Years That Transformed India’ Book by Srinath Raghavan Released
On May 30, 2025, New Delhi (Delhi)-based Penguin Random House India, published “Indira Gandhi and the Years That Transformed India”, a comprehensive political biography authored by Srinath Raghavan.

• This book delves into the political journey of Indira Gandhi, India’s first and only female Prime Minister (PM), highlighting the significant transformations in India during her tenure.

i.The book offers an in-depth examination of Indira Gandhi’s political career, from her unexpected rise to power in 1966 to her assassination in 1984.
ii.It provides insights into pivotal events such as the Emergency period (1975–77), her electoral victories, and the socio-political challenges faced during her leadership.
iii.Srinath Raghavan is a distinguished historian and professor of history and international relations at Ashoka University, New Delhi.

• He has authored several acclaimed works, including India’s War: The Making of Modern South Asia and Fierce Enigmas: A History of the United States in South Asia.

IMPORTANT DAYS

World Multiple Sclerosis Day 2025 – May 30World Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Day is observed across the globe on 30th May to raise awareness about MS, a chronic, autoimmune neurological disorder that affects the Central Nervous System (CNS), including the brain and spinal cord.

• The day aims to recognise the social, economic, and cultural impact of MS and promote support, acceptance, and inclusion of individuals living with the condition.
• The theme for World MS Day 2025 is “My MS Diagnosis”, accompanied by the tagline “Navigating MS Together”.

About Multiple Sclerosis International Federation (MSIF):
Chief Executive Officer (CEO) – Lydia E Makaroff
Headquarters – London, United Kingdom (UK)
Established – 1967
>>Read Full News

World No Tobacco Day 2025 – May 31World No Tobacco Day (WNTD) is annually observed across the globe on May 31 to raise global awareness about the dangers of tobacco use and advocate for effective policies to reduce tobacco consumption.

• The annual observance of WNTD is observed by Geneva (Switzerland) based World Health Organization (WHO).
• The 2025 WNTD theme, “Unmasking the Appeal: Exposing Industry Tactics on Tobacco and Nicotine Products,” focuses on revealing how the tobacco and nicotine industries engineer products and deploy deceptive marketing to target youth.

Background:
i.The Member States of WHO established World No Tobacco Day in 1987 to spread awareness about preventable diseases and deaths caused by tobacco.
ii.In 1987, the World Health Assembly (WHA) adopted Resolution WHA40.38, designating 7 April 1988 as the first “World No-Smoking Day”
iii.Subsequently, in 1988, the WHA passed Resolution WHA42.19, declaring that World No Tobacco Day would be observed annually on 31 May.
>>Read Full News

International Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories 2025 – 25 to 31 MayThe United Nations (UN)’s International Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories is observed annually across the globe from 25 – 31 May to highlight the right of peoples in Non-Self-Governing Territories (NSGTs) to achieve self-determination and independence.

• The Week is a crucial reminder of the UN’s commitment to decolonization and the promotion of human rights, self-determination, and sustainable development for all peoples.
• The International Week of Solidarity with the People of Non-Self Governing Territories in 2025 is observed from May 25 (Sunday) to May 31 (Saturday).

Background:
i.The United Nations General Assembly (UNGA), through Resolution A/RES/54/91 “Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples” adopted in December 1999, called for the annual observance of the Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories, starting from 25 May.
ii.The first International Week of Solidarity with the People of Non-Self Governing Territories was observed from 25 to 31 May 2000.
>>Read Full News

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